Doctoral thesis: Empolyment supporting policy for rural workers in the Northwest region of Vietnam

The thesis aims at clarifying the content of employment and employment support for rural workers; sources of rural labor collect formation, the relationship between employment and the endogenous income of rural labor. For details of research content, please refer to the thesis.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

NATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY

-

Ph m Hương Th o

Chuyên ngành: Khoa h c qu n lý

Mã s : 9310110_QL

Supervisor: Associa.Prof.Dr Nguy n Th Ng c Huy n

HANOI – 2019

1 Rationale

The reality of our country shows that people living in rural areas account for

a large proportion of the total population in Vietnam (over 68% of Vietnam's population lives in rural areas) In the past time, the Party and the Government have implemented many measures and policies to diversify jobs, increase incomes and improve the quality of life for this group But the real income of rural people

in general, farmers in the Northwest region in particular is still limited

The report from the General Statistics Office in 2011 said that the income of rural people has increased steadily over the years, but the average income in rural areas only reached 891 thousand VND / person / month; in which the income of the poor and the near poor are 406 thousand VND / person / month and 644 thousand VND / person / month respectively In other words, the average income

of the near poor group in rural Vietnam is currently only equivalent to the poverty line set by the World Bank in 1993 (poor people are earners) Import less than 1usd / person / day

The state, the central government issued a lot of guidelines and policies on employment to create conditions for rural people to increase their incomes However, the implementation of those policies at the grassroots levels has not been effective, resulting in positive income changes for rural people Policy to support employment for workers is one of the top priorities in the socio-economic development policies of our country The system of employment, vocational training and solutions to achieve the goal of supporting employment for workers, developing the labor market, contributing to reducing the unemployment rate in urban areas, increasing the rate of time use Rural labor (especially rural areas in the Northwest) is considered one of the most basic policies of the country The employment policy is aimed at satisfactorily addressing the needs of jobs, ensuring that all capable people have the opportunity to have a job; contribute to ensuring safety, stability and social development; create conditions for economic development and poverty reduction for laborers

In addition to the achievements, there are some problems limiting the results of implementing employment support activities for rural workers in the Northwest, specifically as follows:

First, the mountainous areas of the Northwest, Vietnam are rugged terrain, there are many mountain blocks and high mountain ranges running in the Northwest-Southeast direction However, this is also an area with harsh natural conditions, poor infrastructure; starting point and low level of socio-economic

development, high rate of poor households, low educational level, often affected

by natural disasters, floods Therefore, support jobs for workers The Party and

the State are always interested in creating jobs, maintaining a stable and

long-term life, contributing to improving the quality of life and socio-economic

development of the region

Secondly, from Doi Moi up to now, the Party and the State have issued

policies on employment support for rural workers, especially those working in

mountainous areas with various forms of support and have obtained many

results positive, poverty rate decreased, people's material and spiritual life was

improved However, compared to the current practical requirements, there are

still many shortcomings such as the structure of the training industry is not

suitable for the labor market, the training program, the quality of training have

not met the practical requirements ; many people who have received vocational

training still face many difficulties to find jobs; many people have to work

incompatible with the professional and trained industries; The underemployment

rate is still quite high report of the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social

Affairs in 2016 on the approval of the results of poor households and near-poor

households in 2016 according to the multi-dimensional poverty line applied for

the 2016 period -2020 said that the whole country has 1,986,697 poor

households (accounting for 8.23% of the total number of households nationwide)

and has 1,306,928 near poor households (accounting for 5.41%;) according to

the standard Multi-dimensional approach to poverty applied for the period

2016-2020 In which, the number of poor households in the Northwest mountainous

region has the highest poverty rate with 31.24%, followed by the Northeastern

mountainous region (17.72%), the Central Highlands (15.27%), and the

Southeast The lowest rate of poor households in the country is 1.05% and the

Red River Delta has only 3, 23% Therefore, it is necessary to have an

assessment of the effectiveness and impact of employment supporting policies

for workers in the Northwest region, thereby proposing appropriate models and

policies to ensure efficiency and sustainability

Thirdly, in the context of international integration, mountainous areas face

greater and more internal and external shocks International integration contributes

to create many opportunities such as increasing the ability of communication, the

ability to access scientific and technological advances, creating opportunities and

raising the level of cultural enjoyment, enriching the mountainous cultural capital

and contributing to part of life improvement and poverty reduction However,

mountainous areas will also face more challenges with production and business, creating jobs for workers The gap between the rich and the poor in the mountainous areas and the plains is getting bigger and bigger; products of mountainous areas make it more difficult to consume because of small scale, dispersed production, low product quality; Traditional culture is easily eroded if it

is not preserved and developed; the environment is increasingly degraded due to economic development pressure, people in mountainous areas exploit natural resources, minerals and industrial wastes; Crime of uncontrolled crime and social evils threatens the political and social stability and the great unity bloc in the mountains This requires the State to have the right decisions, create all necessary conditions for the mountainous areas to take advantage of opportunities and overcome challenges in the context of integration Employment support for workers in the Northwest region will be one of the important solutions to solve this problem

Finally, although there have been many domestic and foreign studies on employment support for workers in general and mountainous people in particular However, these studies are still incomplete, lack of systematic, lack of forecasting and often separate between vocational training and job support The analysis of policies to support employment for workers only focuses on the characteristics of the position and the role of mountainous people as well as on policies from the State's perspective but not the beneficiaries enjoying the policy is central, not to mention the characteristics of the history, mountainous culture, socio-economy, needs and psychology of labor groups There are no comprehensive and comprehensive studies on policies to support employment for workers and there has not been a full assessment and synthesis of the effectiveness and impact of these policies Therefore, the author chooses to carry out the research " Empolyment supporting policy for rural workers in the Northwest region of Vietnam" is meaningful both in theory and practice The thesis will provide theoretical as well as practical basis for the Northwest region on employment supporting policies for workers; systematize and comprehensively evaluate employment supporting policies from

1993 to present; analyze and evaluate efficiency, impact and identify factors affecting the system of employment supporting policies for workers; forecasting demand for employment support for workers; Since then, there are grounds to propose appropriate solutions, policies, and effective and sustainable models for employment support, ensuring that workers involved in the process of commodity production proceed to reduce sustainable poverty, thereby achieving the goal of

ensuring national defense and social order and security

2 Research objectives

General goals

Understanding the employment supporting policies for rural workers - Case

study for the Northwest region

Assessing the current status of policies to support employment, results as

well as the impact of the implementation of this policy on changing employment

of rural workers, to changing their income status and life workers and their

families

Proposing orientations and perfect solutions for employment supporting

policies to increase income and life of rural workers by 2030

Specific goals

Clarifying the content of employment and employment support for rural

workers,

Clarify the sources of income generation of rural workers, the relationship

between employment and endogenous income of rural workers,

Clarifying the content of policies to support employment for rural workers

with components from the bases, subjects issued, objectives and principles to

modules of employment supporting policies for workers countryside,

Identifying 3 groups of factors affecting employment supporting policies for

rural workers,

Identify the set of criteria for evaluating employment supporting policies for

rural workers,

An overview of the experiences of some countries in the world in supporting

rural labor to increase endogenous income through government employment

support,

Assessing the status of the system of employment supporting policies for

rural workers of the central government, local authorities in the 6 northwestern

provinces,

Assessing the status of policies to support employment, the results and

impacts of policies on the status of income and life of rural workers in 6 provinces

in the Northwest,

Recommendations and solutions to improve employment supporting policies

for rural workers in the Northwest region in particular and the country in general

3 Object and scope of the study

a Research subjects

The object of this study is the content, implementation results and impacts of employment supporting policies on employment status, income and life of agricultural workers in the Northwest region

b Research scope

Time:

The thesis focuses on assessing and analyzing policies to support employment for rural workers in the Northwest region in the period from when the Vietnamese government implemented activities to attack poverty to the current period and brought solutions to 2030

Space:

The system of employment supporting policies for agricultural workers is carried out in 6 provinces in the Northwest

Contents

The policy of employment support for rural workers includes many modules, however, in this study, based on the situation as well as the results of implementing relevant component policies, the topic focuses on three component policy groups are (i) Career guidance and job introduction, (ii) vocational training, (iii) credit; Other policies such as labor export support, support to link 4 houses in rural agricultural development were not included in this study because there are not many in the Northwest mountainous region, even There are very few rural workers, ethnic minority workers go to labor export; and the implementation of production chain development in this area is still at an early stage The policy assessment is focused on three major contents, (i) policy implementation results, (ii) impacts of policies on employment change and rural labor life, (iii) causes affecting the current status of employment supporting policies for Northwest workers, which limit the content of policies Integrated analysis of factors from macro environment

4 Expected results

About reasoning

The thesis systematizes the theoretical basis of policies to support employment for workers; develop research theoretical framework on employment supporting policies for rural workers in the Northwest region

Develop a system of criteria / criteria to evaluate the results and impacts of employment supporting policies for rural workers

Forecast of employment fluctuations and vocational training needs for

workers in the Northwest region

The research results of the Thesis complement the scientific arguments on

employment support and employment supporting policies for rural workers in

general, especially in rural areas in the Northwest region in particular

The results of the thesis are used as references in research and teaching

related fields (public management, public policy, economic management, social

science and humanities ) in colleges, universities and research institutes

nationwide

About practicality

The thesis systematizes employment supporting policies for the rural

government of the central government and policies for supporting rural labor in

the Northwest region in particular in the early 1990s until now The thesis

provides policy makers, managers and researchers with an overall picture of the

results of implementing employment supporting policies for workers in the

Northwest region in the past time; providing more information from practical

research to scientists aiming to advise the Party and the State to develop

appropriate policies on employment support for workers in the Northwest region

to 2025, orientation to 2030

The thesis studies international lessons learned about the model of effective

employment support for mountainous people will provide more arguments for

managers and policy makers to determine appropriate models of support jobs for

workers in Vietnam

The thesis proposes an evaluation framework with a set of criteria / criteria to

serve the assessment of the results and impacts of employment supporting policies

for workers in the Northwest region in Vietnam

Full and comprehensive assessments of the thesis on the results and impacts

of employment supporting policies for workers in the Northwest region from the

early 1990s to the present as well as pointing out achievements and limitations and

the reason in the policy of employment support for workers in the Northwest

region will help determine the direction, proposal and recommendations to

improve policies in the coming years

Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW

On the basis of reviewing research projects at home and abroad, the thesis gives conclusions about research vacancies, which is a premise for implementing this thesis As follows:

Firstly, domestic and foreign studies mentioned many aspects of vocational training and highlighted the role of the state in vocational training as well as advanced vocational training models in the world Vietnam has also had many policies to acquire vocational training models towards integration in parallel with completing laws and policies for vocational training, including interest in ethnic minority people numbers as well as ethnic minority areas However, separate studies on employment supporting policies for mountainous workers in general and in rural areas in the North West in particular are still limited, especially researches based on teaching interdisciplinary approaches career with employment and socio-economic issues

Secondly, although there are many studies on policies and results of implementation of vocational training policies and employment in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam, however, studies on policy assessment Supporting jobs for mountainous workers in general, the Northwestern rural labor is presented relatively simply, only describing the results of policy implementation but not deeply analyzing the direct impact , indirectly supporting employment on employment status of this target group; or,

if so, only stop at a few pilot programs and projects on a small number of locations, but have not been tested on a large scale in the whole Northwest region Therefore, the analysis of the causes affecting employment status, employment quality of rural workers in the Northwest through participation in employment assistance programs only stops under other perspectives each other from the state, from the workers themselves, from the socio-economic development environment but there is no link in a whole

Thirdly, studies on policies to support employment for rural and international workers in the country today, although it has shown the criteria / indicators systems that reflect the results and impacts of policies to employment status, income of rural workers; However, these criteria have not yet received consensus among scholars and analysts Therefore, causing many difficulties for management agencies when making policy adjustments

On the basis of reviewing research projects at home and abroad, the thesis

gives conclusions about research vacancies, which is a premise for

implementing this thesis As follows:

Firstly, domestic and foreign studies mentioned many aspects of vocational

training and highlighted the role of the state in vocational training as well as

advanced vocational training models in the world Vietnam has also had many

policies to acquire vocational training models towards integration in parallel

with completing laws and policies for vocational training, including interest in

ethnic minority people numbers as well as ethnic minority areas However,

separate studies on employment supporting policies for mountainous workers in

general and in rural areas in the North West in particular are still limited,

especially researches based on teaching interdisciplinary approaches career with

employment and socio-economic issues

Secondly, although there are many studies on policies and results of

implementation of vocational training policies and employment in many

countries around the world as well as in Vietnam, however, studies on policy

assessment Supporting jobs for mountainous workers in general, the

Northwestern rural labor is presented relatively simply, only describing the

results of policy implementation but not deeply analyzing the direct impact ,

indirectly supporting employment on employment status of this target group; or,

if so, only stop at a few pilot programs and projects on a small number of

locations, but have not been tested on a large scale in the whole Northwest

region Therefore, the analysis of the causes affecting employment status,

employment quality of rural workers in the Northwest through participation in

employment assistance programs only stops under other perspectives each other

from the state, from the workers themselves, from the socio-economic

development environment but there is no link in a whole

Thirdly, studies on policies to support employment for rural and

international workers in the country today, although it has shown the criteria /

indicators systems that reflect the results and impacts of policies to employment

status, income of rural workers; However, these criteria have not yet received

consensus among scholars and analysts Therefore, causing many difficulties for

management agencies when making policy adjustments

Fourth, although there have been studies on labor demand analysis

(Cörvers and Hensen, 2004; Le Dong Phuong, 2010; Tran Thi Phuong Nam,

2014 ), the demand for vocational training (Christofides, 2006 ; Department of

Employment, 2011 ) However, the analysis of labor demand and the demand

for vocational training for rural workers in the Northwest region is still relatively open

Fifth, although previous studies also mentioned this problem, case studies

in the Northwestern rural area have never been done This study therefore considers and assesses the component elements of how employment supporting policies affect the employment status of rural workers in the Northwest; The status of income of rural workers in the Northwest varies from the results of implementation of employment supporting policies of the Central and the province

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

ON THE EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTING POLICY FOR RURAL LABORERS

Firstly, employment, income of rural workers and the contents of employment supporting policies for rural workers

Rural workers are people aged 15 and over, able to participate in the labor market in rural and mountainous areas in the form of employment, self-employment or self-employment under the management of employers in the form of labor contracts or no labor contracts but are paid remuneration

Income of rural labor is income which is the added value of production that households are entitled to to compensate for labor remuneration in the family, for remanufacturing if any The income of rural workers depends on the results

of the production activities they perform Income of rural workers from endogenous and exogenous sources

Employment support for rural workers is the implementation of policies and measures by the central government and local authorities to help rural workers increase working time, improve incomes, thereby raising High quality

of life of individuals and families, contributing to promoting local development Therefore, the policy of supporting employment for rural workers is understood as the overall viewpoints, solutions and tools implemented by the central government and local authorities to support rural workers to improve get employment status, increase income, contribute to the local economic development in particular and the country in general

The objective of the employment support policy for rural workers is to address the following aspects: (i) Firstly, fully and rationally use rural labor resources for the socio-economic development career Assembly; avoid wasting

resources during development (ii) Secondly, resolving non-agricultural jobs

well, contributing to ensuring political security and social order and safety in the

locality

The enactment of the policy of employment support for rural workers is

primarily the central government with legal documents on employment support

directly issued by the government or decrees guiding circulars of ministries and

ministerial-level agencies attached to the Government Based on the policies

issued by the central government, the local government will issue specific and

specific policies associated with the socio-economic conditions of the area

Subjects of the promulgation of policies to support jobs for rural laborers in each

province are therefore the chairman or the person who is empowered by the

chairman of the provincial People's Committee to handle jobs for local laborers

table As well as the central government, participating in the policy-making

process, the provincial functional departments and other socio-political

organizations also contribute to policy making and helping people issued

policies that get optimal policy

Participating in the implementation of policies, are organizational

individuals determined from the promulgated policy including functional

departments under the provincial People's Committee, vocational and vocational

centers, policy banks, socio-political organizations in the area

The principle of the employment support policy for rural workers is the

point of view that directs the behavior that the policy-maker determines when

planning methods is or is not in policy implementation These principles are

defined on the basis of the perceived requirements of objective laws that govern

policy processes and policy objectives

The modules of employment supporting policies for rural workers include

(i) Career orientation and job introduction policies; (ii) Vocational training

policy for rural workers; (iii) Credit policy

Secondly, assess employment supporting policies to change endogenous

income and life of rural workers

Evaluation of policy implementation results for rural workers: this

assessment is done on the following criteria (i) Changes in employment status in

the area: the change here includes the variation changing the employment

structure, working time as well as the form of labor market participation; or the

qualifications of workers; (ii) The change in special income is the poverty status

of labor or households, and its impact on local development

Assessing the impact of employment supporting policies on the changes in endogenous income and life of rural workers: this assessment is carried out on the first criteria (i), assessing the impact of end implementation of departmental policies to transform the income of rural workers; (ii) Second, assess the impact

of income changes on living conditions of rural workers Evaluating the causes affecting the current status of employment supporting policies for rural workers, this assessment is carried out on the following criteria: (i) first, the perception of the objects issued, enforced and benefiting from career-oriented policies and job introduction for rural workers assessed through criteria reflecting the usefulness of policy beneficiaries; (ii) Secondly, the perception of the subjects who enact, enforce and enjoy the employment supporting policies for rural workers is assessed through criteria reflecting the level of benefits that the policy brings for them; (iii) thirdly, the perception of the subjects issuing, enforcing and benefiting from the rural development credit policy is assessed through criteria that reflect the level of benefits that the policy brings to them

In addition to the cognitive assessments for rural employment supporting policies; limitations on policy content, methods, measures and resources for policy implementation are also analyzed through relevant data in the mutual relationship with the current socio-economic development situation areas of the studied provinces.Hai là, đánh giá chính sách hỗ trợ việc làm đến biến đổi thu nhập nội sinh và đời sống của lao động nông thôn

Third, factors affecting employment supporting policies for rural workers

Capacity for policy planning and implementation Factors of macro environment and policy itself Workers themselves

Fourthly, to study experiences on employment supporting policies for rural laborers: South Korea, China and some lessons learned for Vietnam

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHOD

Design research framework

On the basis of reviewing the system of policies promulgated by the central government and local authorities implemented in 6 provinces in the Northwest, the study conducted an analysis of the status of employment of rural workers in the area this area in terms of working time, employee qualifications, occupations and working position of workers; The topic focuses on three issues

of assessing employment supporting policies for rural workers in the Northwest

region, including: evaluating the results of policy implementation and assessing

the impact of policies and policies Price causes affect employment supporting

policies for rural workers in the Northwest region

Figure 3.1: Research framework on employment supporting policies

for rural workers in the Northwest region

The factors affecting policy are analyzed relatively flexibly in this topic: (i)

For elements from macro environment and policy itself, the thesis uses primary

survey data through widely published reports of the General Statistics Office, of

the 6 provincial People's Committees on employment status, income, poverty as

well as local development orientation in the coming period to point out Current

employment status in the Northwest rural area; (ii) For the elements of planning,

enforcement as well as policy beneficiaries, the study also uses primary surveys

to assess the recognition of the kidneys of these objects for the content of

Contents of policies to support

employment for rural workers

Background

Objectives

Policy-makers

Principles

Contents

Career and

employment

services

Vocational

training

Credit

Affacted factors

Capacity of policy-makers and

deployers

Macro and the policies

Employeers

Solutions

Opinions on building model for employment supporting for rural labour up to 2030 For people ffrom 16-60 years old

For people over 60 years old Recommendations for local and central government

Recommendations for contents Others

Economic development trend in Northwest region Employment trends in Northwest region

in the coming years

Evaluation Outputs Impacts Reasons

policies employment support for rural workers deployed in the Northwest region

Based on the forecast of the situation of labor mobility and participation of workers in the Northwest economic sectors in the coming period, combined with the current situation of employment supporting policies for rural laborers in the region This topic provides some solutions to improve employment supporting policies for rural workers in the Northwest region in the coming period

Research process

Step 1: Review documents, formulate a research framework on employment supporting policies for rural workers in the Northwest region Step 2: Collect secondary data, approve the report of the 6 provinces in the Northwest Region on policies to support employment for rural workers in the Northwest region from 1993 to present; Report on employment and rural labor

in the Northwest according to the report of the General Statistics Office; Studies

on rural employment have been published from 2010 onwards

Step 3: Data processing and analysis of the status of employment supporting policies for rural workers in the North West North West region according to the objectives, showing the achieved points and drawbacks, image factors enjoy the results stated

Step 4: Provide solutions to improve employment supporting policies for rural workers in the Northwest Northwest region, from which to draw

recommendations to implement solutions to the authorities at all levels Các phương pháp sử dụng nghiên cứu

Approach

To achieve the objectives set out in this study, the approaches of the topic are as follows:

- Institutional approach: In this study, with the institutional approach, the research team focused on clarifying policies that governments around the world have issued and implemented to support the working group mountainous areas, actively participating in the labor market In addition, the views and policies to support rural labor in the Northwest (mainly in poor districts) are issued by the Party and the Government from the Doi Moi period to date unsatisfactory points to make recommendations to support employment for rural workers in the Northwest and in accordance with regional customs and address the socio-economic development goals of the Party and the Government government set out in the coming period

- From reasoning to reality: The thesis conducts research on different

approaches of domestic and foreign scientists, organizations on employment

support in general, for rural workers in the North West in particular From the

study of successes, lessons learned from some countries such as Korea and

China to provide some job recommendation for the Northwestern rural workers

in Vietnam in the coming period

- From the endogenous perspective of exogenous integration: This

approach requires research as well as solutions to fully consider both internal

and external factors in policy making and implementation employment support

for rural workers in the Northwest, in which the basic problem is to combine

external resources with internal internal capacity Exogenous factors that are

positively absorbed by the rural Northwest workers will create useful impacts on

decision making when participating in the labor market In contrast, these

exogenous factors, if they bring negative effects to employees, inevitably cause

negative effects in the decision-making process to participate in the labor market

of the rural Northwest This approach therefore requires consideration of the

formation, historical origins and development of peoples associated with the

natural, economic, social and transformative environment of internal relations

birth and exogenous These studies and assessments serve as a basis for

proposing the direction of building a job support policy for suitable rural

Northwest workers in the coming time

- System approach: According to this approach, the thesis will clarify the

components of the Employment Support Policy for rural workers, (i) the basis

for policy issuance; (ii) Objectives of the Employment Support Policy for rural

workers; (iii) subjects issued and target groups of policies; (iv) Department

policies

Chapter 4 ANALYSING CURENT EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTING POLICY FOR

RURAL LABOR IN THE NORTHERN REGION IN THE PERIOD OF

2011-2017

System of employment supporting policies for rural workers in the

Northwest region

Firstly, vocational orientation policy and job introduction for rural workers

Based on "Planning to develop the network of vocational colleges,

vocational schools, vocational training centers by 2010 and orientations to 2020"

according to 07/2006 / QD-BLDTBXH Each province (city) will at least one vocational secondary school or vocational college, each district or town has at least one vocational training center or district cluster with a vocational secondary school in order to create favorable conditions for vocational learners especially in remote areas, islands, ethnic minorities and rural areas, provinces and cities in general and the Northwest region have been invested to develop vocational education systems and orientations Occupation for labor in the area

In general, in the recent period, the implementation of vocational orientation and gender policies Employment in rural areas in the Northwest is relatively different between localities

Secondly, vocational training policy for rural workers Like the policy for vocational guidance and job introduction for rural workers in general, the Northwestern rural labor in particular, the technology training policy of the Northwest mountainous provinces is shown through resolutions Decrees, decrees, resolutions, directives and projects of each province are issued based on the policies of the central government In general, the policies of each province aim at common goals to improve the quality and efficiency of vocational training, in order to create jobs and increase income of rural workers; contributing to labor restructuring and economic structure, serving the agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization; improve the rate of trained workers and employment rates after being trained

Thirdly, credit policy for rural development For localities in a country following a single state model, the promulgation

of policies on socio-economic development, job creation for laborers in the localities of the local authorities is often based on the documents resolutions, decisions, circulars or programs and projects of the central government For the six North West provinces, the provinces that depend on the content of policies promulgated are often outside the main directions of the central government's policy It may even be just the implementation of central government policies, especially credit-related policies In general, in the northwestern six provinces, the local government does not issue a specific credit policy to develop rural areas but it is included in the socio-economic development program of local

Results of implementing employment supporting policies for rural workers in the Northwest region

Although provinces have issued decrees, resolutions, directives or even projects and according to the evaluation of socio-economic development results

of each province in the Northwest region, the training objectives career,

socio-economic development of the province have met and exceeded targets

However, despite achieving and exceeding the target, the labor force in rural

areas in the Northwest is much lower than the general level of labor

qualifications of rural areas nationwide In the Northwest, the province with the

highest level of trained and trained rural workers only achieved one fifth of the

total workforce; the rest of the lower provinces have not even reached the level

of 10% of trained workers

Regarding working time, policies to support employment for rural workers

in the Northwest in the last 3 years do not create stable growth in employment,

when the working time of workers The dynamics of each province fluctuate

abnormally over three years because of changes from natural conditions such as

landslides, floods or economic instabilities due to the macroeconomic

fluctuations that the locality suffers

When considering the working time, in the Northwest region, the results of

comparative analysis show that, if working in Dien Bien, the rate of working

less than 40 hours per week is the most; Son La is the province where the rate of

workers working over 40 hours per week is the highest However, the most

untrained province is Lai Chau

Policies to support employment for rural workers in the Western region

have contributed to reducing the proportion of workers engaged in agricultural

activities, creating conditions for workers to participate in the service and public

sectors career in the area However, compared to the national average, the

situation of agricultural households in the Northwest is much higher and almost

doubled in 2016 In other words, in the development process Socio-economy,

when other provinces, the status of urbanization and economic structural

transformation take place strongly with the implementation of socio-economic

policies, policies to support employment for workers However, the state of

attachment to farming due to geo-economic situation still prevails in this area

The impact of the policy on changing the endogenous income of rural

workers in the Northwest region

The results of the regression analysis of the effects of the outcome

variables of vocational training, access to credit to the collection of workers

without labor contracts in rural areas in the Northwest region show that:

(1) The research results show that, among the 4 industries in which the

rural people in the surveyed area are participating in the process of social

development, the households participating in service activities have the highest income and only pure agricultural households have the lowest income In other words, the process of economic development in rural areas, if the family has a higher income than non-agriculture, the family's income will increase and vice versa (P_value <5%) In other words, supporting successful job conversion to reduce the share of agricultural labor will contribute to increasing household income; Training level (culture) of the household head has a positive impact on household income (P_value <5%) Households with minimum qualifications from upper secondary schools or higher will have higher incomes than households with a maximum level of lower secondary education; vocationally trained households will have better incomes than those who have not received vocational training; With vocational training, the difference between those who are trained with the training is not granted by recognizing the impact of the training process on income changes of labor is not clear (P_value> 5% ) (2) The fact that borrowing money for business activities always exists in the economy, including economic activities in rural areas Farmers' families can buy feed and wait until they sell new livestock and poultry to repay the owners who sell food; Households can also import goods and pay for suppliers after they have sold their products In addition, the number of households that declare credit activities accounts for only a very small percentage of the whole survey sample; The survey data also showed that those who carry out borrowing activities are mainly those in difficult economic conditions, or have conducted property purchases or major household repairs during the study year Therefore, the regression results show that there is no difference in the impact of households having access to credit to transform income of households in rural areas in the six provinces studied ( P_value> 5%)

Vietnam is a developing country, so people in rural areas in 6 provinces in the Northwest region have less conditions to apply advanced and modern technologies in the production process Therefore, the technology being used by households in this area in the daily production and business activities is backward, the households are very difficult to create a big change in income from work apply the technology they own Therefore, the impact of current technology application on the increase in income of rural households in Hoa Binh, Son La, Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Lao Cai and Yen Bai provinces is not available ( P_value> 5%)

The impact of income on poverty of rural workers in the Northwest

region

In other words, policies to support employment for rural workers in the

Northwest, despite promoting positive contributions to increasing income for

rural workers, this level is relatively precarious Helping poverty reduction be

sustainable when the rate of re-poverty is relatively high, especially in the

context of economic and social shocks

In the Northwest provinces, out of 6 provinces, there are 4 districts

escaping from poverty and equally divided between Son La and Lai Chau

While in Lai Chau, the province has two districts that have escaped poverty and

no more poor districts have been supplemented by the new Prime Minister's

decision; In Son La, in addition to the two districts that have escaped from

poverty, there are 3 poor districts out of a total of 5 poor districts as decided by

Decision 30a, according to the decision of 275 provinces, there is one more

district falling into poverty along with 3 districts that have not escaped poverty ;

Also according to Decision 275, Hoa Binh has added a district to the poor list

although previously Hoa Binh was the only northwestern province without a

poor district Not much increase in income, employment status has not changed

significantly in terms of time and type of work has also significantly affected the

situation of escaping from poverty and being classified as a poor area of the

Northwest according to Decision set 275

Impact on living conditions of households in the Northwest rural area

In the Northwest provinces, the number of people participating in health

insurance is the most in Son La, while Lai Chau is the province with the lowest

rate of participation in health insurance However, in terms of the percentage of

people who are granted free health insurance cards over the total number of

people participating in health insurance, Lai Chau is the province with the

highest percentage of people receiving health insurance cards, over 80 % of total

people participating in health insurance is paid by the state budget Meanwhile,

Son is a province where the proportion of people who are granted free health

insurance cards even though over 70% of people participate in health insurance

in the province but this is also the province where the proportion of people who

are granted insurance cards Health on the total number of health insurance

participants is at the lowest level

In the Northwest region, except Hoa Binh, the remaining 5 provinces have

a lower percentage of households using electricity than the national average Lao

Cai, Yen Bai and Son La are the localities where people have the highest rate of using electricity outside the national grid; on the contrary, Hoa Binh is the situation where the number of households using electricity grids other than the national grid is the lowest in the region In general, with the current policies, the disadvantaged groups are not only supported by the state to supply electricity lines but also subsidize electricity consumption, so the percentage of households

in the Northwest region is close to National average of electricity use

Regarding the situation of domestic water use, the statistical report shows that the highest percentage of rural workers who have access to tap water in the Northwest region has not yet reached one third compared to the common area in rural areas nationwide ; even the province with the proportion of rural workers who have access to tap water accounts for only about 10% compared to rural areas nationwide Thus, the statistical report shows that the majority of water for domestic use of rural people in the Northwest is dug wells In other words, because the income is not high, it is also the poor provinces so the supply capacity of the government, as well as the payment of the household is not high,

so people choose to use dug wells to serve their living

In the Northwest provinces, rural areas with permanent houses of Lao Cai and Yen Bai provinces are more than the national average Despite being poor provinces, many households are in poor condition but compared to the whole country, the proportion of households living in semi-permanent houses, low-income houses and single houses of the regional area The northwest mountain is lower than the national average In other words, with the current government policies and the use of local government support for housing conditions of the

Northwestern rural population

The causes affecting the results of implementing employment supporting policies for rural workers in the Northwest

From capacity to plan and enforce policies

Firstly, the central government has been facing problems in planning and implementing policies when programs aimed at supporting employment to increase income for rural workers have been falling into the state overlap or difficult to clarify the responsibility of the local implementing agency

Secondly, the local government is relatively passive in developing employment counseling plans and vocational training programs In other words, the assessment of the job management team in Lao Cai province shows that the development of vocational training and consultancy plans often stems from the