Một số đề ôn tập văn học trung đại lớp 8

i - Ndu ql al6 kinh d6 d Hoa Lrr tbl sE phqm nhfiug sai ldm gey h{u , guA nghiOm trong: treu kh6ng thu$n i trdi, dudi khOng tluoc lbng .i ngrrdi, din tldn triBu ilgi ngdn ngui, uh6n ddn

- r-rrrr {uarr- to duOi tlOi TiCn I* Bau khi vue I* NEBg Tri6{ cdt,,

IJ ClllS Uti,du$ Eiau'trri{ tnn l€n lim vua, $ftg ln H That,T6

thnil Dqi ta (trlc tli NOi), d$t t€u lA ThUrg long.

- Bdl Chilu ddi d0 phrin dnlr f el_ri h, cliunf vi Lhiit vglg ve morqu& gia thdrg nhdt, I6n manh cta dtn tQc Dai ViQt

L TtrCn btlr

d tft&rg c< rd thvc rd coa vllc dol do :

+ Li Cong Udn ia'y dan ch€n8: trong lifU af lbpg QXte dd chrEtl

minh viQc ddi 116 kh6ng c6 el l& la,

- Nhdn marih y cdc vrrng tridu phong ki6a d0i rt6 dCu nhh muc

dich .m& clu lqi ldr'tir lan tiiC qude'gia, &In tQc,-:r{y fuag vrrorg tri8nphong kidn ph6o thifi, phdt tri6n d6"t nudc ngty bAng giAu manh

Khiiag dinh vrQc ddi tl0 oia urldr cong li tCt ydu, hqp vdi q,ryf

lu$t xA h{i, quy lugt lich snl

1

+ lJ COng QCn dirng li 16 dd phen tfch cho mgi ngrrOi thdr rO sr-{

- Vnng ildt Hoa Lrr chit hgp, nhi6u m{t bdt loi vC t}ri6n Dhi6n, Ikhonq thictr hgp vdi vai trb cria mQt kinh .16 l6u dAi i

- Ndu ql al6 kinh d6 d Hoa Lrr tbl sE phqm nhfiug sai ldm gey h{u ,

guA nghiOm trong: treu kh6ng thu$n i trdi, dudi khOng tluoc lbng .i

ngrrdi, din tldn triBu ilgi ngdn ngui, uh6n ddn khd sd, van v$t kh6nt

thich oghi, qudc gia kliOog thd thinh vrrgng

c/ Ttl rao L, Thdl Td hl chgn lhlnh Oel La Bm klnh 66 mdi?

+ Nhi vua dnng li 16 tld thuyCt fhuc dAn chring rlng thnnh Dgi Lahoi ttri mqi di6u kien thuan lgi cho mot kinh do mdi:

- Dai La d vlo vi tri rrung tdnt trllli ddt, iluqc ctii thd rdng cuin

ld'iidi ilia thd rQng mii bdng, ildt tlai cao md thwing Dan c hhdichiu citnh hhdn khd nSQp lqt, mi6n udt cfrng; rdt mtrc p;lrong phn, 6t

ttbi.

Dey IA adu mO'i tiQn cho viQc giao hnr chinh tri vdn hod vi kinh

td c0a cA anfic: Xem khdp ddt Viet tu chl twi ndy la thdng d.ia ThQt

ld ch6n h! hp:; trqng yltu cia bdn phwng ildt ntic Cdng tn noi hinh

itA bg nhdt cia ttd uyang muAn ddi

- t{p luin sdc b6n, tinh ctm ch6n ttrinh, th6i tlQ dAn chri crianhi vua ala tdc ttQng manh mO tdi quao lai vi din chring, vi vgy viQcddi {16 dugc moi ngrrdi Hn tlrnnh, &ng hQ.

8 K6t bti:

- Chi6u ddi d6 ph6n 6nh y chl dQc l$p,.trr cudng cia dAn t$c vA sr,r

phdt tridn mqnh mE oia qudc gia Dqi ViQt thdi bdy gid

- thd v$ Jg 6e triSu dinh Lhe Li dn slt $&s dh,) trons (aan

c$ ertra#rifqn S,{4p t!r oiac{s t|p doa46{iag.Udn e dh pe,@)

li gOsS lrCi:re?{;-,103E) qoe'& chru,€6 Phdi, tO B{c Gtans, nay

li l}Dg: E}nb E&4; luyfn Tn Sq, illb'D{e.Nl*h: 6ug te DsrrUi thOng

mitrh, nheu {i, c6 i:hfrlrtl vt,f& di$c ahitu v6 cArig hiCa Mch Drrdithdi TiSn Le,'6aa hm quaa rt(fn cEft El.'r'en vq Oga Udn drl liuy, sit

Khi wa 1* Ngbi !?itu bmg ht, 6trg iturqe triEu thAn r*a lGia.IAir vua,xuog le Li Th6i Td, l(y iian hiQu ta ltu{n Thianl.lNim Canh Tui't(1010), I,i Th4l .Td vi&.bri chi6l biy t6, dinh ddi d6 tU Hoa:Lu (Niuh 8i!h) ra thirb Dit la (t{c Hi NOi nfny nay) ftrung t uytD

Lhi tbuyEn rht wa ddn rtonn s0ng drr6i ch&n thlnh tht ahgt thCy c6

rdns: reog bay i6n flojl$F lin\ Li 1h6i T6 ntilu it6 ddi t&r 9di

La thnah mAng Long

' Chilu d.ti da ghta tuh , cLi ty ciGng vi }h6r vgig v6 ru$t,del

agrroi, cU su kdt hqp Lti,hoa giitE fi=rdi thh .

Chi6u h mot loBi ven bilD c6, nQi thng th6ag b6o mot quy6t dinh

hay BOt mOuh lgnh nto d6 crL vua ch6a cho thCn den bidt CliCu

thtfrn8 thd hiitr EOt t ti$irg,t6E-,lao c6 ihh:hrary ddn,r{n rQnh

tritu dgi, dCt nii'ra ehl& dti.ir| ciing rrraag rlfo dn dgc ilidm ti0tr

rhirg bOn c+nh d6; is !6g c6 ihirng h6t riens D6 lA finh chdtmQnh lQnh tdt hqp hN hoa vA urih chdt tAm tinh Ng6n ngr bei

chidu.vta li [g$n sg8, bi$ hhh vrh ltr ng6n ng8 il6i thoBi

Bd cqc bAi chidri d6'thd chia l}m 3 ttoqn:

Dqin 1 : ft driU @n fna i g thi *hnlrd d6i ifii : Td! gie Dab ,nuog ]dln cfiiltg'trorg ett s{iifrtE l}rn cd s6 c'ho vi?e dOt dO crla mrili: ' i

Doqr 2: Ti6p fheo ddr phorrg thai tdt tuai: Trlc gil phea tich ttqc

t! B }inh d0 ct Ehon! ebn dilch hgp vdi s{ ud marrg phf,t tri6n ctia

Doqn ctro lai: T6c gie lhlng dFh OOnh B*i L I} no hQi rlri mqiiti6u hign thxrin lqi tld chgn lim Liah dd u6i.

I(6t cdu i6i t.o6n ti0u hidu cho kdt c{u cS! rt0t b}i vnn ryhi ludn

cEinh tri rn h& BAEI ph$ug thttu ltp l.u0n dc bdi! eh{t dr€, I{sic,

E? $ti'tai* Hatrgng bdn hlsilr t& kli6n3:It ag$ thft viFi altid6, tXc t* XtA{[i AiUt aU d0 tt v$c ltm thdthf ,rey6tr rly ir tioig

lhh, al cet trrlrr det phut'.kift tfi tntr tdl dey I{ O0nr Udr dQna**"grieB c{i} trdfu ma't$tii od &p Ua T1165 ($i.'c cans de tiltrg dUi

d6:

' 'Xw ntth th@n! ilhn uun fri Cat h nnm ldn ddi'ttt; dfi Gtut ildnvlnc Ttibnh fian* ctq tn lfi* itdi eb PMi d u cdE attd thid Tam d4i' '

thllo ! rilng ntnh trt.tg tiln chW*n dni ? Cht ol mudn ibng dA d ,ui

trang um, ir.at t@tt nghi.ep bt, rt bd mdn dli eho cgrt chdu; ffan oafie a,lnh tri, d,bi tli.a ! dan, nda thdy, thu4n fien tN thay il.6i.Cho nOn vSn ru$c lnu ddi, pbong ttt c phin thinh.

t c.Erf a* m[li'H*, rf ttuylt phc rDQi tr$fii it6ng unh vdi rirydt

t& grl u$r,q+i ed dAg chr@ troug lich st cd tist tl€ crlag cd Ii l€'

trui thee.itle aelg thuydt nhgc

Doqa aly du tiih d6 llttt ch6 dga cho li le mi tdc gli,sE trtnh bly

A Ehilng ph-fp:t& tLeo ?rong lich gr& phoog ki6n phucmg Bf,c dn hlog

c6 chrygn dai dA vA rnring lci nhtng kdt que tdt dqp, cho n6n vi?c ddi

ito cria LI ThtI Td thong phfi IA chryCn b{t thrsng .

Nhl vua }}Erg; frh c{a b{c it6 nrng khi cuydt dirh ddi rto d6u

nhlm muc dlch qtu dd aelii?p lda, xay dqrnE yrrug triCu phdn thinh, tinh kd tAu dAi cho qudc gra, d6n tic Vi0c ddi tl6 trOn thi thuiu theo

rECnh t li (tri8 ph"tiqF vdt qEy l4t kh{ch qua); dt$ fr thu& theo

rhn dn sU phdt trifu tlilnh vuqng cho qu& fia aen tic.

Qra viQc drra ra nhfing li te vi il6n cldrrg dy, trtc Siil khlug diih

vigc thay ddi kinh dO ddi vdi triau dqi nht Li li m$t tdt vdn ttitch

qrnn f di,,5 dili ato cti8 Li C6ng UCn bdt ngudn tir thqc t6 llch srt

d6o8 thUi thd hietr f chi 6Enh l*t de trki .vIlE eung trhrr crla dat t{c

ta h6i.16 Nhi vua mu6n riy 4lhg vl *Iu,tiiEu gai Vigt thnnh r1toi

hn i,no 6c quao srlt; pher tl.h H ltrrn8 tfah hlnh thr-c tC, ongneu ra ntftg'rhan x6t cd tinh chdt phS phdn: Thi mn hai nhd Dlnh'

I2 bi th.p ! ri€ng /tlnh, hhtnh thd/er r,l.lnh fini, hhotg n1i thto d&t

cfi cia Thwng, Chu, ctl il$i* ycn # ttrtjf,n t di dry' Hd{n clu tridu dqi hhons dtsc ld.u bdn, e6 uln @+ nel;' trd,n lL? phdi ltq tdn,

nuin uQt khong dW thtch nghi Trtm dl il4tt tdt oC uiQc d6, hhing

BXng qubn tliCm crla nguui thdi uari chrlig ta cln xem rdt, d6trh

gtul cho corg blng vE vai trb lich sfi hai tri6u iiai Dirh' If TtIr c ra,vdo giai ittgn d6, cl thd vi lrr c cr)a trl€u itnh druir il0 mquh atd cd thd

ddi tt6 ra vtng itdng 6f,ng trdng tnii n6h v{n phfri drr a v}o tlia thd

hi6m trd crla rirng niti dd ctdng thir trong, grlc [goei ilhurg ddn t'hdi

Li, fien dA, m0,nlrn$'?b{t trida coe ilft ntt c thi viQc tl6tg d6 & Hoa

Lrr kh0ag cin pht hgP rax

Btn cqnh lI lE 3{c'sib,'vu LI ftdi Td cbr dutrg unli cArn chnnthfnh itd tdc <l6ng mtnh mE tdi tim hdn din chting 6ng t6 ra tinh

t5, khiem nhudng khi giei bAy J ilinh cda mlnh finh thuydt phuc.crla

H 16 ceng tAng l6n khi t6e gi6 l6ng elm xdc cfia mlnh vAo ?rdm rdt ilau rit uC uilc ili CAm xfc &i phln 6nh kh6t vong cria uht vua lI

mudn phdt tri6'n tldt oudc thAnh mQt qu6c gia hlrng cddng Tuy nhi6n

dlng sau ldi lE mdm m6ng 6'y vAu lA iQt quydt dorin c(mg rln khingthd hhang ddi ddi

Nhi vua chrlng minh rtu th6- mqi m{t oia thinh thi La v& kliAng .linh dey ln dia didm tdt nhdt dd d{r kinh d6 m6i:

Hudng gi ina* Oqi Ia" kinh.da crt cda Aao Vtmtg:.:'.6 udo noi

bung tAn biti ddt; ittqc cdi thd rdng cuOn hd nrdi Dd dting ngAinam' blfu tl6ng tdf ; lqi fign hudng nhin sing dtla n i .ta thd rQng nw

bdng ; ddt dai cao md thodng DAn cd hhdi chiu cdnh hhdn hhd ne|p

Iryt, ,nudn uQt c&ng rdt m(c phong pht tdt tudi

Nhi vua dua vio thuydt phong thuf <td phan tich vl chring minh ldi thd vi vd dgp mu0n m{t cria Dai La vd dfa li, vln hod, ddu mdi giao

h.u, di6u kiQn so'ng cia den cu vi srr phong ph[, tdt tudi,cia cdnh vAt

Thnnh Dqi La d vi tri trung tem cria ddt nrrdc C6 thd rdng cuQn hdngdi Dia hinh rla dang c6 nili c6 s0ng, dia th€'cao vi khodng dat, md

ra bdn hudng nam, bCc, rl6ng, tAy, tiQn eho viQc phdt triin lAu dAi cria

qudc gia DAy c0ng li ilCu mdi giao lrru chinh trl, vin horl vA kinh ticria ci urrdc x6t toan diQn, thlnh Dai La c6 tti tlicu kiQn to'i

'ru ite' trd

thinh kinh dd mdi c0a Dqi ViQt Chrlng cd nhli vua dtta ra c6 sfc thuydt phqrc re't ldn vi dudc cAn nh{c ki ciug tr6n nhi6u linh vrrc.

Tr0n cv s0 d6, qhi vua khing dioh:

Xlm hhfu it& Vi$ ta, chl nai ndy td thdah cria ThQt td chdn rq

hQi trgng ydu cia bdn pfuung tldt ruric; ei.ng ld noi kinh dA bQc nhdt

TCc gi4 ggi Dgi Le.ll thdnh itia crla tldt ViQt bdi 16 6ng dE nhinttrdy noi day lA atdt tot,;ddt hnh, c6 thd tlem nhidu lgi, il6ng rhdi 6ng

.ti0n doCn Dqi La s6 ln ch6n tg hgi trgng ydu, ciitrg lA wi hinh il6 bQc

nhdt cda dd owng muin diri

!

I{II

Kdt thrtc bei chiCa d,ni ir\, Lt 1t{i T6 kti0ug l{y uy qr}0n c{a vuachria itt bui bd )jE+trh Ifuh mn lei Gt ra cat hai: Nm madn d4a ob

.( thu4n fui cta ildt dy il€ dinh ch6 i Cd,c hhanh nghi th€ nna? Ceu h6i tu tir n&y thC hiQn thrli dQ t6a trgag crla nfrffi'dtlng illu d(t nrrdc il6i vdi tri6u dtuh phong ki6n duong thdi C6,tbd coi dAy li

-ydu td 4en ch& tidD bQ tro_ng tu Ulilag oria U l1di Td lJi 16 bti chi6u

aag Uoh chdt ddi thoqi'ta.o igti& bi6t

vdi cdc bgd qurn lai.trong tridX-ierh vi dAn ch6ng MQt tdn nsa n}t

vua khing dinh quydt tao ttdi hirli dA tir Hoa lr i6 Dqi La ciia minh.Chidu ddi dd dud c vi6t theo tdi.vun bi6n ug6il vdi nhftrg clp c6u

song sotrg, cdc vd c6u tl6i uhau rdt chtnh vC cd f liln ldi Nhtng doqn

vtrn cetr xrtng k6i hgp vA bd sung cho nhau tld thd hiQn n{i dung trrtrrong ciia bni ehic-u; Trte gie de tluydt phuc ngrrdi nghe blag li ta sdc

srio vi'tiut c{m ehin thei'h Nguyetr yong ddi ito ciia Ei ThAi Td p}t

ho.p vdi nguyQn vong c{a thtla dln trlm h9

Chidu diti @ phrnn enir y ctri dQc l6p tg cudng ciia den r$c ve sU

phrit tridir ldn'm4nli oia qu6e gia Dai ViQt eua it6, chring ta cd Ud thdy duuc kh{t vong Einh liCt cria td ti€n vd mQt ddt nrsc Dei ViQtdgc lSp; thdng nhdt, hirng crrdng vi tr.r th6 hi€n ngang crie rtQt qudc

gia tu chi dang tren dA phCt tri6n lrtn m4uh Ddi dO til vtng nrii HoaLrr chQt hep ra vimg d6ng bXnS rQng rf,i chrirng t6 triCu alinh nhA Li

de dt khe naag chi* dt ngn pilong kidn c6t cit; tronS nudc vi dri

srlc ch6Ug cr.l v6i 1,r." iAa lrrgc phrrag 8ilc ViQc Li Th6i f6 diaL d6

& Th6ng Long lA thrrc hiQn nguyQn vgng oia nhAn d6n thu giaag sdn

vd m{t maii dd c6 di€u kiQo x6y d;ng (ldt nr.dc ngiy cAng l,6n rn?nh

Sg tting rldn cria quydt ditrh dUi il6 ila duqc lich srt chfng minh mflt adch h,'Eg,h0n: Th6rg LflE:ur thn d6 Hi NOi usly nry rh6.rlr;g

li tr6i tim cua TO' quft, ll tnrDg t&r cblnh tri, f.iDh tE, ,A' ma a*

tldt nrrdc, ilil vtug ving trrffc mgi th& thrtch dc liQt cria nhi6u cuQc

chi6n tranh chdng g4c ryogi :rAm.

I DANf

1 ME bit:

- TrAn Qudc Tudn tt mlt dsnh tudng aldi TrAn d thd kt XII, hai

M6ng xim lrr-oe, Sirii ph6ng ttdt nrrdc.

- Drlyc vua phong hrdc Hrtng.Dao Vrlong Sau khi ong qua ddi,nlien den Qp ttAn th} d nhi6u uoi vi ton kiah ggi 6ng li D(rc ThitnhTrtln

- Bei IItcA t t ng si ra ddi tnffc cuQc xem l6ng liln thil hai cria

quiin Nguy€n M6ng (1285) I\nh thg ddt uudc v6 c&ng nguy'nan, TrCn

Qu0'c l\rdn vi6't cuO'n Binh tltu ydu ltqc tdni tlt nh&ng ehidn thugt,

chiSn ltrEc quan sU trgng ydrr dd phd biO'n cho tu6ng si Il i lfjclr k6ugoi tinh OiCn y€u nudc, quy6't tem ddnh gif;c, drr c coi le philn ririi driu

cho viPc phd bidn cu6'n sdch t.ren

8 Thdn bil:

d tlhong dm $mr!i rl tfith vl nghi l6n r6n9 c0 lilchr

- lHn fudc Tudn nhdc l4i guong hi sinh vi vua, vi orJdc ciia c6c

trung tlidn nglEa si tldi xrra vi ddi nay trong sf sdch dC khich lQ,

dong vi€n tindng sI gro't g4c

- Crich dlt ve'n tl8 trr nhioo, girin di, ddm chdt tam tlnh, d€ di violbng nguUi

b, Phl.n tdr tlhn ft6 dfr nrr6 tam nguy, tt6l ato ng{rng nghefih cta sr,

difc, kM g{l.l6ng cet tht vi quy& Um ggr g{rc:

- TCc giA n6d l0n su thit dau lbug: ?n, cdc ngudi sinh phtii thitiloqn lq.c, ldn gQp budi gian nan

- Ong phEa u{t trrrrdc c6nh srt siar, di lqi *a* it,illw ngai ildng, u6n htsi eil diCu mt chtli mdng tridu illnh, item than dQ cM

md b& nqr $ ph\ vA coi chrlng li l[ nghich tlc, sric sidr vO atao.

- Vgch trAn am mrrtt them dOc cta gi4c lA mudn cr.6p nqdc ta nQ!lAn nta, vdi c6 li mt&!.d!rUag di ddnh Chicm ThAnh N6u ta d6ng f

li milc biy kA tht, *ftdc ntu ibm thlt md nuli lrd ddi, thd neo rdioiug gAy t.rli hoq uC aoz D6 li c{i hoq indt nrr6c.

- TAm trqng cria t6c giri IA x6t xa, clm gign, mudn in -gan, gdagmCu.qudn tht itC rria nhyc cbo rtdt rirt6c: Ta ththng .toi btd quen dn,nta ilAm ud gdi, ruQt riiu nhrt cdt, ntbc ntdt ildm ilio, cht clrm titc

tO chi binh tdt agp

- Nghitm khdc pb3 ph6n: JVcy cdx ngwi nhin chrt nhqc ntt hhitq

bi6t lo, thfu nt& nhvc * hlprW bidt thgn [.ao vio 6n choi, hrr&ng

- Chl 16 tdc h8i coa nh8rg thd wi d6 trudc qguy cd nrrdc rnCt rhita:n Crla gd trdng hh6ng thd ilAn thing do gidp cna gi6c, mlo cd bec

mua tluqc itdu gigc,.ch6 dn hhin dtdi it t& qudn th.i '

- Chi 16 b{u qrt t8i h+i'thi dCt nudc rdi ldo try gttc: Ch{- iodi

vi ffig linh ddu tii b{t, tft cA quy€n lgi vflt ch& trhtr tft{i dp, bdos

lQc il8u mdt, vq ctq gia $ryCn tan sdt, m6 nie, xa t{c t6 ttng 'bi giey

x€o, d6ng rdu rt€ ddi

irl Ldl cho sodl dong vien tddng s!:

- Gdn liCn quydn loi ddt nrrdc v6i quyCn lgi cfia tudng si

- NOu mdi tucng quan gi8a quydn loi cd nhAn vdi srl htmg vongcla ddt nrrdc.

i Con nSudi ngoei quydn sdng cbn c6 nhfing quy€n lgi thiOl thAn.Ngoii ddi sdng vgt chdt cbn c6 ddi sdng tinh thAn

- IA nam nhi phii c6 tr6ch nhi€m vdi hiQn tai vi lich sr? muOn ddi

l9iy vai trb cria mOt ch0 t(dng, Trdn Qu6c Tudn tha thidt k6ugSi tudng llnh ra srlc luyQn t{p, sdn sAng drinh gi{c, rila thir cho rldt, qrrdc, Uay t6 lbng trung quAn di qu& Nhrr'vfly, quy6n lgi cd nhin vi

quydn lqi tl6n t$c ddu tlrrgc vgn toAtr, ten tuO'i lutr truy6n mu6n thud

- Ciim xdc c0a Trdn Qudc Tudn thict tha, s6i ndi, ldi 16 tdm huy6-t,vtra nghi€m kh{c, via ch6n tinh n6n c6 sric lay dQng ldqg ngrr&i rdt

Sau khi <tuqc tuy6n truydn rQng rii, b}ii llich al6 trd thinh

ngu6n srlc mqnh to ldn cd vii quAn dAn ta quy6't t6m chidn drn'u vi

chi6h thdng quen xem lrroc Nguy€n MOng.

- Hich t tlng si xrlng ddng li ring thieii id htrng van ciia n6n vdnhoc nrldc nhl.

II BAI LAM

Trdn Qudc Tueh lA ngudi c6 phdm chdt cao tlep, ytu nrrdc thrrdngdea, mQt lQng.vi quydn lgi qu6'c gia, d6n tQc 6ng quj ngrtdi hi6n,trong k6 si Trong cdc cu0c khdng chiSn chdng qu{n Nguyon lAn thf

hei (1285) vi ldn thrl ba (1287 -1288), Trdn Qudc Tu6'n c6 c0ng laordt ldn nen drroc nhl vua phong chritc lftzzg Dg,o Vrang

Tn de cuQc xem lturg cria quin Nguy€n M6ng ldn thri hai 0285),ttnh hinh bang giao giEa hai nr"rdc r6i clng th*ng Bon srl gi6 trich

thu-d ng, nghenh ogang, y€u srich ttrl di6u ?hdi ki honn binh kh6ngthd k6o dei duuc nita, quAn ddn ta phrii chudn Ui gap *t

"h" *;;

chiSn ddu mQt mCt mQt cbn TrCn eu6,c Tudn d6 soan ra cudn Binrt

thu ytlu luo3, dOm t{t nhfng di6u quan trong v6 chidn trrgc, chi6nthu4t quen sU Bii f1&/r ttt:ii.g st c6 thd coi la'phdn m6 tldu cho vi9cphd bi6'n cudn erich tr0a

NQi <lung chinh Cta bAi ltrgclr lA n€u l€n nhftng t6m guong xri tlrAn

vi nghla ldn ciie ngudi'xE{r va nguui aludng thdi; ,frar, *f, 16 tinh th€-.

nguy Dan ctia dCt nu6c trrrdc hidm hoa x6m ling vi ph6 phCn thdi dQ

cdu an hudng lac cria mflt sd tu6ng llnh, nhlm muc dich thfc ttuh ho

Vdi t(r c6ch li chri so6i, TrAn eudc T\rdn de ldy tinh cem, temhuydt cria mtnh dC trd chuyQn vdi hrdtrg sI, nhlm thuyOi phuc, dQngvi6n h9 hgc tQp, rEn luyQn, e[n sitg chidn ddu vh chio-n thdng BAiHich th6 hiQn tinh th"{n y6u nudc thiC't tha, ldng cdm t}rir gilc sriu silc

vi f ehi quydt thdae c0s vi hr6ng tii ba.

Md tldu bAi Hich, Ea gil vi6,t: Ta thuing nghe Ckchmd rtdu nhrr

vSy chrlng td lA 6ng mu6'n n6i mQt ceu chuyQn t6m tlnh Chuypnthtbng nghe, thuBng h+c.t4p; nay dem ra.trao ddi, bnn lu6n v6i

cdc

tudng si dudi quydn dd anng nhau zuy ng6m

irCn Qudc Tudn n6u nhtng $rong trung thdn nghia sl trong st

sdch Trung Qu6'c da kh0ng ti€'c th6n minh, k6 crlu vua, ngudi tra t}li

eho chri, kA m{ng gif;c dO, ngr/di ch6ng gi{c manh, thfm chi n€u ci

nhung tdm grrrrng cfia trrdng linh nhn Ngui6n C6 ngudi tirng dit c6u

h6i vl sao t6c gid lih6ng n6u Eudng trong sf sdch dan tQc me tei tdvguong ctia nhtrng k6 xem lrdc Cdn phrii thdy muc dich cria

atoan mEddu nAy chua phei li t6 c6o tllch rnn la dd khich IQ ldng cim thi,

dOng vi0n, cd v[ tinh t]rdu d[ng c&m hi sinh, j chi l{p c6ng danh crla

tudng si ta

Ngudi xrra quan niQm rlng thrX nhdt l{p tlrtc, thrl nhiJ$p c6ag, thrl .

ba l{p ngon Vi vfy, l{p c6ng danh dd lqi cho ddi di trd thenh l,E

sdng oia c6c trsng nam nhi thdi phong kidn Hon n8a, trung quen tfc

-li di qudc, hi sinh cho vua ch(a, cho chti sodi c0a minh trirc lt hi sinh

cho ddt nrrdc C6c tdm gudog trong Bdc srft mi tdc giri ndu l6n ddu li .

uhfrng Dggiri qu€n minh crrLr vua, crlrr chri, cing c6 trghia lA uhifng

trung ttrCn nghia si ddm b6 minh vi nrl6c

Kh6ng nhfrng th6, khi n6u nhfrog guong sing cda tu6ng liah nhi

Tdng, lhi Nguy6n, TrCn Qudc Tudn ngdm c6 y so sdnh quan hQ gitaong tl6i vdi tu6ng liDh drrdi quydn nAo c6 khdc gi quan hQ gifla VudngC6ug Ki€n ddi vdi NguySn Vnn L{p, Cdt Dei NgQt l,ang ddi vdi Xich

Tu Tv? V4y mA mQt b6n thi s6n sing hi sinh vi chii, mQt Mn thl ziln

chti nhrpc md khdng bidt lo, thdy nttic nhtpc md kh\ng bidt then N}rn .

v{y, TrAu Qudc Tudn dd buQc cdc trrdng si phrii suy nghi: guong hisiDh cta ngrrdi thl nhr vay, cbn minh thi sao?

T6c giA n6u mOt logt t6n tu0'i cfra s6u ngrldi ddi nm ndi tidng rdi din th€m lu0n bdn Srrong thdi nay, tet cA atCu b6 minh vi nudc Ho ldnhtrng b6 tOi bdc thdp mir lbng trung nghia sdng ngdi, ti€'ng t6t cbnIrrn ddn ngAy nay Ho khOng theo th6i nil nhi thtdng rini, khdng chfu

ch gin & noi x6 cta mi ddm dfrng cAm chdng lqi qu6n giic dOng gdp

ldn

Trong cdc gudng sdng dy vira i6 nhrtng tudng linh cao cA'p vd cdc

bC t6i thAn cin nhrr Ki Tin, Do Vu, Drr Nhrrong, vila c6 ci nhirngngrrdi binh thudng nhu ThAn Kho6i, IOnh Drlc; CAo Khanh C6 nhtrng

grrong thdi Xudn Thu Chi6'n QuO'c, thdi H6n, thi,i Dudn; Dd tang srlc

thuydt phqc, t6c gii cbu n6u ra nhlng trem guong re't gdn vdi thdi bdygid nhu thdi Tdng, thdi Nguy6n Chri j ctia Trin Qu6'c Tud'n ln ldy

grrong s6trg cia nigudi rua dd n6i chuyQn nay nhlm tlQng vi€n, khlch

lQ trrdng si s6o sing Si.dt grlc, ai c[ng c6 the' lap tlrrgc c6ng danh, hltrten trong srl s6ch cing trii itdt muAn ddi bdt hti