The research objective of the dissertation on the basis of clarifying general theoretical issues and surveying the situation of Vietnamese image propaganda to the world through foreign press, the author of the thesis proposes a number of views and solutions. solutions and recommendations to strengthen the propaganda of Vietnamese images to the world through foreign press in the coming time. In order to grasp the details of the research content, invite you to consult the thesis.
Trang 1AND TRAINNING
HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS
ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM OF COMMUNICATION
LUU TRAN TOAN
USING PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE IN PROMOTING VIETNAM’S IMAGE TO THE WORLD VIA FOREIGN JOURNALISM NOWADAYS
(case study on three programmes of VTV4, Vietnam Plus, and Vietnam
Economic Times)
SUMMARY ON DOCTORAL THESIS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Trang 2HANOI 2018
Trang 4The doctoral thesis is defensed at thesis committee at university level at Academy of Journalism and Communication at on 2018
The doctoral thesis can be accessed at National Library and Library of the Academy
of Journalism and Communication, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
Trang 51. Purpose of study
Countries in the world are in the objective trend of globalization and international integration. This means that countries will have to compete with each other to attract the attention of the world to affirm their position of their country in the international community Therefore, regardless of whether developed or developing country, the country must know how other countries in the world see their countries That is national image Positive or negative national image influences the promotion of trade, tourism or foreign investment of that country. National image in the mind of the audience may lag behind the reality of that country if the audience does not receive new accurate information Therefore, national image promotion is one of the necessary activities of all countries, especially developing countries such as Vietnam.
National image promotion is implemented through a variety of means including the foreign journalism. Advanced sciences and technologies, the spread of television broadcasting via satellite, internet and the official characteristics allow the foreign journalism to take the advantage to narrow geographic distance to provide more uptodate and effective information than other forms of propaganda. Foreign journalism makes the world know more about Vietnam including the achievements of Vietnam in the renewal period, the natural scenery, cultural values, precious quality of people, history of victory against foreign invaders to attract more investment, cooperation and tourism in Vietnam However, the current situation address the challenge in the development process of foreign journalism. One of the biggest challenges for the sustainable development of the journalism is the explosion of information, the development and intense competition of social media
Trang 6Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the situation of Vietnam's image promotion to the world via foreign journalism is needed, thereby proposing solutions to enhance this promotion in the context of globalization and Vietnam’s integration to the world. On the one hand, this study will contribute to summarize the theory and practice in Vietnam's image promotion by using propaganda techniques via external journalism to the world. On the other hand, the finding of the study can be used as research and teaching material in propaganda, international relations in general, national image promotion in particular. These are my purpose
to choose “ Using propaganda technique in promoting Vietnam’s image to the world via foreign journalism nowadays” as the topic of doctoral thesis, which
majors in Political Sciences, submajors in Political works
2. Aim and objective of the study
2.1. Aim of the study
By clarifying theory and doing survey on the situation of using propaganda technique in promoting Vietnam’s image to the world via foreign journalism, the doctoral thesis proposes some principle and solutions to enhance the Vietnam’s image promotion to the world via foreign journalism in the future
2.2. Objective of the study
To achieve this goal, the doctoral thesis focuses on the following tasks:
Firstly, analyze and clarify a number of theoretical issues of using
propaganda techniques in Vietnam's image promotion to the world via foreign media: systematization, clarification of basic concepts, identification of elements constituting propaganda image of Vietnam in the world through foreign journalism
Secondly, Analyze the situation of using propaganda techniques in Vietnam's
image promotion to the world via foreign media products on actor, content and method, result of propaganda to evaluates the strengths, limitations, and their causes
Trang 7to promote the images of Vietnam to the world via foreign media in the coming time
3.3 Range of the objective study
Range of objective: VTV4 channel; Vietnamplus online newspapaer,
Vietnam Economic Times magazine.
Range of time: The author selects all articles, episodes of the newspapers,
programmes broadcast, published from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016, specially:
* VTV4: In 2016, there are 93 episodes in 3 programes of Vietnam Discovery, Fine Cuisine, Culture Mosaic.
* Vietnam plus: In 2016, there are 48 articles in Attraction, Food, and Culture
* Vietnam Economic Times: In 2016, there are 130 articles published on Cover story, Special Report and Bussiness report
4. Rationale and methodology of the study
4.1. Rationale of the study
The doctoral thesis is based on the theory of MarxismLeninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought, the views of the Communist Party of Vietnam on politial work, propaganda, external information, journalism and communication. The author also uses the theory of communication, modern principles of propaganda
Trang 8The methodology of study is dialectical and historical materialism. The thesis uses the interdisciplinary approach of the following sciences including Politics, Journalism, International Relations, Public Relations, Sociology Political methodology is the main approach
Specific methods of study include history and logic, analysis and synthesis, comparison, inductive, interpreting, statistics, literature review, observations, in
depth interviews etc Methodology of Collecting information includes literature review, content analysis, indepth interview Methodology of Information Processing includes using Nvivo software based on qualitative coding to analyze
the content of article and programs
5. New contributions of the thesis:
Introduce a new definition of propaganda and external propaganda in the
current period, distinguish propaganda with other relevant terms. Introduce the
definition of foreign media, distinguish the external media from the domestic media
To clarify the theorical foundation of "national image", including definition, its characteristics, the distinction between national image and related concepts.
To give the concept of using propaganda techniqufe in promoting national image to the world via foreign media and systematize the components of Vietnam's
image propaganda to the world via foreign media;
Pointing out the reality of Vietnam's image promotion via the external press including the advantages and limitation, cause;
Proposing directions and solutions to enhance the Vietnam's image promotion to the world via foreign media
6.Meaning of theory and practice of the thesis
In theory, the doctoral thesis contribute to the addition of the theory of
ideological work, propaganda and the role of journalism in general, foreign journalism in propaganda, foreign propaganda in general, national image promotion, promotion, national images in particular
Trang 9 In practice, results of doctoral thesis provide scientific evidence for leaders and managers on propaganda, communication and foreign media agencies to improve policies, development plan, especially the enhancement of the quality and effectiveness of foreign propaganda via journalism.
This doctoral thesis can be used as a reference in research and teaching on propaganda, information for foreign service, international communication, national image promotion and some suggestion for further research
7. Structure of thesis:
In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of References and Annexes, the content of doctoral thesis includes literature review, 3 chapters, 9 periods
LITERATURE REVIEW ONUSING PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE IN PROMOTING VIETNAM’S
Trang 10In Vietnam, authors have studied propaganda thoroughly including definition, functions, tasks and solutions for propaganda enhancement, propaganda
on economy, politics, culture and foreign affairs including contents, modes, actors and solutions for enhancement Since the promotion of information for foreign service, foreign propaganda has also been studied more; some authors clarify the similarities and differences between foreign propaganda and information for foreign service
b. Studies on national image promotion
Vietnamese authors argue that there should be a strategy to create and promote national image with the participation of ministries, sectors and localities nationwide and sociopolitical organizations, businesses and individuals, especially cultural researchers, enthusiastic people, historians, journalists etc Also, there should be a campaign of Vietnam’s image promotion to satisfy the needs of the target audience and ensure the positioning in the minds of the target audience
In general, the phrase "to promote national image" is widely used, while the phrase "national image by using propaganda technique" is not much used because propaganda is associated with politics.
Trang 111. Studies on journalism and foreign journalism
In international research, there are many studies on foreign media In particular, the content of ‘international broadcasting’ is statesponsored mixture of news, information, entertainment aimed at people outside the country via the use of electronic media to form the opinion of the people and leaders of other countries. External media is intended to deepen understanding and enhance China's positive image globally.
In Vietnam, there are many researches on “foreign media” so far. Many studies clarify “foreign media” by its characteristics including participants of public media prioritized by the state and local public media toward foreign audience in some priority areas with the content of Vietnamese information in many languages
2. Studies on Vietnam’s image promotion via foreign media
a. Studies on theory of Vietnam’s image promotion via foreign media
Currently, there are only research studies on journalism, national image promotion, which mentions journalistic skills including skills on press releases, interviews, press conferences, writing articles on media at home and abroad, which
is a powerful tool to promote national image. The author argues that journalism is only effective when it reflects the truth of the standards and professional ethics to suggest and create a national image in the audience's mind. So this is a principle for national image promotion in the media in general and foreign media in particular
b. Studies on the situation and solutions to enhance Vietnam's image promotion via
foreign media
There have been no research studies directly and deeply in Vietnam's image promotion via foreign media. However, there has been some research clarifying a number of theory, assessing the current situation and offering solutions to improve the quality of foreign media in the implementation of information for foregin service in general and Vietnam's image promotio in particular. In general, the solutions of the above studies aim at solving the problem of actors and factors
Trang 122.3.1. Achievements
The studies have helped to clarify some point of theory on the definition, content, characteristics, participants, modes of propaganda and foreign propaganda, national images, external media and elements of foreign media (participants, content, audience, scope), characteristics when evaluating propaganda results, mainly based on the content of the press products. In practice, the research has done indirectly Vietnam's image promotion to the world via foreign media in the fields of journalism, information for foreign service, public relations in certain aspects such
as content, means, actors, audience Solutions to strengthen Vietnam’s images promotion via foreign media vary from objective and scope of research, but most of the study have the same basic solution on actors, content, form, and factors affecting propaganda techniques such as funding
2.2.2. Research issues to be studied
In addition to the results achieved, those research has some unclear or unclear issues Therefore, on the basis of inheriting the achievements of the previous research, the doctoral thesis should continue to study to clarify the following issues:
Provide a new definition of propaganda, foreign propaganda with a broader content; distinguish propaganda with information, communication; To clarify a number of theoretical issues on foreign propaganda including the definition, form,
and external propaganda related to the relevant terminology of other disciplines, to
distinguish the similarities and differences between propaganda, external propaganda and information for foreign service; To clarify the theoretical basis of national image on the definition, characteristics, distinction of national image and other related terms; give the basis of the theory of foreign journalism; the definition
of national image promotion and the systematization of the components of
Vietnam’s promotion to the world via foreign media; Based on the structure, do research on the current situation of Vietnam's image promotion via foreign media to
Trang 13provide general solutions to improve Vietnam’s images promotion in general and via foreign media in particular.
CHAPTER 1THE THEORY FOUNDATION OF USING PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE
IN PROMOTING VIETNAM’S IMAGE TO THE WORLD VIA FOREIGN
JOURNALISM1.1. Theory of Vietnam’s image promotion to the world
1.1.1. Definition of propoganda and international propaganda
1.1.1.1 Definition of propoganda
Propaganda, in broad terms, is the activity or process of persuasive communication intended to influence the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of a particular audience to achieve the desired response for purposes of ideology, politics, and commerce. In a narrow sense, it is the spread the theories of politics, philosophy, science, and art that promotes public awareness and enables them to advocate and act for the desired purpose.
1.1.1.2. Definition of external propaganda
External propaganda is persuasive communication aimed at international audience in order to facilitate the development of the nation.
1.1.2. Definition of national image
1.1.2.1. Definition of image
Images has two senses of meaning. First, it is physical and tangible image, Second, it is mental and abstract picture of person, organizations or larger entities such as places, and brand to the public. In this thesis, the image are mental picture
1.1.2.2. Definition of place image
Place image is the sum of all elements of a place that expresses cognition, impression, and emotion based on the learning process, information, experience that
a person has acquired about that place
Trang 14National image is the sum of all elements of a nation that expresses the perception, impression and attitutes of the nation on the basis of learning, information and experience gained by the international audience. The image of Vietnam is the sum of all elements of Vietnam which express the awareness, impressions and emotions based on the learning process, information and experience gained by the international audience about Vietnam
1.1.3. Defenition of national image promotion by using propaganda technique
Using propaganda technique in Vietnam’s image promotion to the world is the introduction and popularization of the characteristics of nature, people, history and culture, contributing to the formation of positive perceptions, attitudes and behaviors towards the construction and protection of Vietnam
1.2. Foreign journalism A means of promoting Vietnam's image to the world
1.2.1. Definition of foreign journalism
Foreign journalism are part of the Vietnamese journalism carried out by the media agencies of the Party, the State, sociopolitical organizations and social organizations at the central and local levels to provide information on Vietnam to foreigners abroad, in Vietnam and overseas Vietnamese in order to gain their support in the process of national development and protection.
1.2.2. Characteristics of foreign journalism
1.2.2.1. Audience
The audience of the foreign journalism is international audience including: Foreign outside Vietnam include the foreign governments and citizen, and overseas Vietnamese. For foreign governments and citizen, target audience is the following groups including state politicians, international organizations, academics, journalists, businessperson, citizen, and overseas Vietnamese, especially young people
Trang 15Foreigners in Vietnam are foreigners living in Vietnam including foreign diplomatic missions, international organizations, press agencies, business investors, politicians, scientists, and tourists.
1.2.2.2. Language and content of foreign journalism
The language of foreign journalism is both Vietnamese and foreign
languages, corresponding to audience
Content of foreign propaganda include official information on Vietnam,
information on the Vietnam’s image promotion (the nature, people, history and culture of Vietnam), information on the world situation into Vietnam
1.2.2.3. Participants of foreign journalism
Vietnam's foreign journalism can be divided into two groups including central and local foreign media agencies. Typical agencies are VTV4, VTC10, VOV5, Vietnam Plus, Vietnam News, Online Homeland, Vietnamese printed and online
“Thoi bao Kinh te Vietnam” and Englishlanguage Vietnam Economic Times
1.3.1. Definition
Using propaganda technique in Vietnam’s image promotion to the world via foreign journalism is a part of international propaganda, which has the duty to introduce and popularize the unique characteristics of Vietnam’s nature, people, history and achievements of Vietnam’s economy and society to international