Bàn thêm về các cấp chính quyền địa phương thời Trần

Bài viết nghiên cứu về các cấp chính quyền thống thuộc nhau; quy mô của cấp hương và làm rõ hơn các cấp chính quyền địa phương như lộ, phủ, trấn, châu và hương, huyện, xã tại thời Trần.

RhU THCM ViClIC C^P CHfNH QUVCN

Din PHirONG THdl TRAN

NGUYEN THI PHirONG CHI*

Trong nhflng nghiSn cflu lidn quan

d^n cdc cd'p cbfnh quySn dja phfldng

thdi Trfin, cdn cd nbflng y kiSh chfla tbd'ng

nhd't d bai vd'n dg Thi2 nhdt, Id cfic ctfp

cbfnh quy^n thd'ng thuyc nhau, Thit hai Id

quy md cua cfi'p hfldng Cd ngfldi cbo r&ng,

quy md cHa cdp hUOng thUdng chi gSm dia

hat m6t xd (1) Trong sach Kh&m dinh Vi&t

sii* thdng gidm cUOng muc lai chii tbich

rdng, huong Id t&ng thdi Trfin (2) Tdc gia

Ddo Duy Anh cho r^ng phu Thien Trfldng

(dfldc chuyen len tfl hfldng Tflc Mdc), bao

gom 4 huygn My Loc, Giao Thiy, TSy

Chan, Thufin Vi (3) Nhflng cung cd ^ kien

cho rfing: "Chfnh quy^n hfldng, sdch, xa Id

cd'p cudi cflng trong h^ thd'ng ddn v\ hdnh

chfnh 6 dia phfldng dfldi hfldng, sdch Ifi

cdc Idng, thon hay trang" (4) Trong sfich

Lich su! Viit Nam, t^p I cbi nhSc tdi cdp 1$

(phi), chdu, buy^n mfi khdng nbdc tdi cd'p

hfldng: "d cac dia phfldng, b$ mdy bdnb

chfnh dflyc xay dflng thdnh mgt h§ tbd'ng

chdt chg Tai cdc cfi'p 10 (hay phu), chdu,

huygn, cdc quan l^i hdnh chfnh d6ng thdi

phy trach ca vi^c tfl phap, xdt x i tdi ph^m,

Ddn vi bfinh cbfnh cd ad Id xfi,,." (5) Trong

Ldi chua c i a Cu<tng muc dd phdn dodn

rdng: "Cd le quy cbtf nhd Tr^n, nhflng p h i ,

chfiu, trd'n thi thd'ng tbu§c ca vdo 10" (6), Bdi viS't ndy, tdi cd* gSng 1dm r5 bdn cac c^p chfnh quySn dja phfldng nhfl: Id-pbu-trtfn-chfiu vd hfldng, buy^n, xa,

Chinh quyin cdp l^ - phu • trdn

Sau kbi 13n nfim cbfnh quy^n mdt thdi gian, vdo nfim 1242, nhd Trdn thflc hi^n cai cdch vd^ to chflc hdnh chfnh, chia ca nfldc

thdnh 12 Id trSn pham vi 24 Id thdi L^ Bai ViSt sit ky todn thu (tfl dfiy xin vi^t t i t Id BVSKTT) khdng ch6p t6n cac 10 nhflng trong Cuong muc ch6p tdn 12 10 nhfl sau:

'Thidn Trfldng, Long Hflng, Qu6c Oai, Bic Giang, Hai Ddng, Trfldng Yen, Kifo Xudng, HiSng, Khofii Thanh Hda, Hofing Giang, DiSn Chfiu" (7), Ciing vdi vi^c bien ch6p 12

10, Cuang muc cdn neu ra 4 p h i , chdu, trfih

Id Tdn Binh, NghS An, Thdi Nguyfin, Lang

Giang Dfla vdo An Nam chi lu<?c cua Ld

Tic tbi thdi Trfin c6 15 !§ Danh sdch cdc 10 nhfl sau:

1 D^i La tbdnb 10: g6m mi^n Hd Ndi vd mi^n hflu ng^n sdng H6ng dg'n sdng Dfiy

2 Bic Giang Id: miln Bdc Ninh, Nam BIC Giang

3 Nam Sdch Giang 10: g6m rai^n Ddng Trilu, Quang Vdn, Kig'n An

4 Khoai 16: mi^n Hflng Y^n

5 H6ng 16: miln Hai Dfldng

6 Nhu Nguyet Giang Id: miln Iflu vyc

song Ciu, Yen Th^, Thai Nguyen

7 Da Giang lo: mien Hflng Hda

8 Quy Hda Giang 10: mid'n PhU Tho, Ydn

Bai, Ldo Cai

9 Tuyen Hda Giang !§: mid'n Tuyen

Quang, Bao LEIC, B^C Can

10 Lang Chau 16: mid'n Lang Sdn, Bic

Bdc Giang,

11 Dai Hoang lo; miln Nho Quan, Ninh

Binh

12 Thanh Hda p h i 10: mien Thanh Hda,

13 Diln Chdu p h i 16: mien Dien Chau,

Yen Thanh

14 Nghg An phu 16: miln Nghd An, Hd

Tinh

15 Bd' Chanh chau 16: miln Quang

Binh" (8)

Le Tfic soan An Nam chi lUcfc vao ndm

1335, cac dia danh neu tren hiu hit dfldc

chep la p h i 15, chdu lo (Iflu y la khdng co

gach ndi gifla phu IS vd chau 15) 'Va, dia

danh miln bidn vien la Bd* Chanh chau 16,

tflc miln Quang Binh ngay nay Nhfl vdy,

nhflng dia danh nay tdn tai trfldc nfim

1306, khi chfla cd hai chdu 6 (9), Lf (10)

-sinh 1§ cfldi cdng chua HuyIn Trfin cua vua Chl Mdn Danh sdch ndy nlu dli chiiu vdi

adch Cuong muc thi cd mOt ad* 16 nhfl Qud'c

Oai vd Trfldng Ydn, Hai Ddng, Long Hflng khdng thd'y L6 Tdc cb6p Vd, trong 15 dia danh ndu trdn thi cd 7 dia danh goi Id "10",

4 dia danh goi Id "giang 16", 3 dia danh goi

Id "phi I9" va 1 dia danh Id "chdu 16" (Xem bang 1),

Tdc gia Ddo Duy Anh trong tac ph^m:

Bdt nUdc ViSt Nam qua cac dcfi da "tam Idp

danh sdch cdc p h i 16 vdo cuoi ddi Trin nhfl sau: 1 LO Ddng Do, 2 Ld Bdc Giang, 3 LO Lang Giang, 4 Ld Lang Sdn, 5 Phu 16 Thidn Trfldng, tflc 16 Sdn Nam, 6 Lo Long Hflng, 7, LO Khoai Chau, 8 Phu 16 Kiln Xfldng, 9 Lo Hodng Giang, phu Kien Hflng,

10 Trd'n Thidn Quan, 11 P h i 16 Tdn Hflng, 12 LO Hai D6ng, 13 Ld Tam Giang (xfl Thanh?), 14 Trd'n Quang Oai, 15 Trfi'n Thidn Hflng, 16 Trfi:n Thanh Do, 17 Tra'n Vong Giang, 18 Trd'n Tay Binh, 19, Trd'n 06?) Thufin Hoa, 20 L6 Thang Hoa" (11) Thflc ra Id Thang Hoa la thuOc thdi Ho, do vua nfldc Chiem Thanh dang dat Chiem Dong de xin rut quan vao nam 1402, Ndn, cac 16 thdi Trin khdng k l 16 Thdng Hoa thi cdn 19

Cd the thfi'y, trong so' 19 dia phfldng ndu

tren thi cd 9 dia phUdng dUdc goi Id "16", 3

Bang 1: ThSTng kS cie Id, giang 16, phu Id, chau 15 t h ^ Trin

S t t

1

2

3

4

5

6

Lo

Dai La

Bic Giang

Khoai

H^ng

Lang Chau

D^i Hoing

Giang 15 Nhu Nguy§t

D i Quy Hda TuySn Hda

Phu 16

Thanh Hda Dien Chfiu Ngh§ An

Chau 16

Bff Chinh

dia phfldng goi Id "phii Id", 7 dja phfldng gQi

Id "trdn" (Xem bang 2)

Dilu cfin nhfi'n m^nb Ifi, s i cQ chi cbo

bilt 12 10, cdn sy 1$ thuOc cfic clip bdnb

chinh thi khdng tbd'y ch6p,

Thdi Trin, chfnh quyin cd'p 10 cd lie gpi

Id 16 phu, cd lie goi Id 16 trdn, cd kbi goi Id

ch&u l^ nhflng da stf dfldc gpi Id 10 nhfl

thing kd trdn dfiy Din cu6i thdi Trin, nfim

Quang Thdi thfl 10 (1397), thi nhd nfldc

tiin hdnh d^i cd'p Id 1dm trdn TU dfiy trd di

cfi'p trdn mdi chfnh thflc s i dyng rOng rfii,

Nhfl v^y, theo tdi trfldc ndm 1397, cd'p Ip,

phu hay trdn, ch&u Id cd'p chfnh quyin

tfldng dfldng nhau GO = p b i = trfi'n = chfiu),

chfl hofin tofin khdng phai Id cd'p chfnh

quyin thdng thugc nhau

Nhfi T r i n thyc sy coi trong ctfp chfnh

quyin Id-phi-trfi'n-chfiu, Khi vua Thdi

Tdng Idn ngoi, da c i nhdn v§t t i m c3 c i a

trieu T r i n Id Thai sfl T r i n T h i Dy lam tri

p h i Thanh Hoa: "Thdng qude thdi sU, tri

Thanh Hoa phu sU, Thdi phd Phflng Td

Chu Idm tri chdu Nghfi An (12), dfldc quyin

phong tfldc cho ngfldi khac, Phan Huy Chfl

chfip: "Diu nhd L^ dfit cdc chflc tri p h i ,

phdn thu Diu nhd T r i n noi theo, d^t tri

p h i d cdc p h i " (13) Cac ddi vua sau nhfl

T r i n Thdnh Tdng (d ngdi: 1258-1278), Trin

Nhdn Tdng 0 ngdi: 1279-1293), T r i n Anh

Tdng (d ngdi: 1293-1314) cung diu diing cdc

thdn vUdng di trKn tr; cdc p h i 10 quan

trpng nhfl Thanh Hda, DiSn Chdu, Ngh§

An Thdi i y T r i n Nh$t Dufit dfl(?c c i di trfi'n tri d chfiu Ai (Thanh Hda), Phidu ky Thflyng tfldng qufin T r i n Qud'c Khang coi chfiu DiSn, Thfldng tfldng Thdi sfl Trin Quang Kbai quan chdu Ngh§ An Dl'n nfim

1397, cudi Trin, "D^i trfi'n Thanh Hda tbdnb trd'n Thanh Dd, trfl:n Qutfc Oai (14) 1dm trd'n Quang Oai, tr^n Dd Giang 1dm

trfi'n Thidn Hflng, trKn NghO An 1dm trKn

Lfim An, trSin Trfldng YSn 1dm trfiin Thidn Quan, trd'n L^ng Giang 1dm trfi'n lang Sdn, trd'n DiSn Chfiu lfim tr^n Vpng Giang, trifn Tdn Binh 1dm trd'n Tfiy Binh " (15) Ddi vdi dia phfldng cd bai cang, nhd

T r i n d$c bi^t coi trong Trong dd hai cang Van Ddn (16) dflyc nhd nfldc bao vd nghidm

ng^it, khdng cbi d$t ra chflc quan trKn, 1$

mfi cdn c6 ca dpi qufin chuydn ddng gifl bao

vd Vfin Din gpi Id qudn Binh Hai Tfl li§u

dflpc ch6p trong BVSKTT nhfl sau: "Thang

11 nfim Ky S i u (1349), d$t quan trfiii, quan 10 vd sdt hai sfl d trd'n Vfin Ddn; l^i dfit qudn Binh Hai d l ddng gifl Trfldc kia

S t t

1

2

3

4

6

6

7

8

B a n g 2 Thffng kfi cfic 10 p h u Id, trifn t h d i T r i n

LO

Dfing Dfi

Bic Giang

L^ng Giang

L^ng Sdn

Long Hung

Khoii Chfiu

Hofing Giang

Hai Dfing

P h u Id Thifin TrUcing Kitfn Xudng Tfin HUng

T r ^ n Thiin Quan Quang Oai Thifin Hung Thanh Dfi Vong Giang Tfiy Binh Thufin Hfia

vl thdi nhfi hf, thuyin budn din thi do cdc

c i a biln Tha, Vidn d chdu Dien (cd a Ifi c i a

Thdi vd c i a Qudn), den nay dfldng biln dd'i

ddi, c i a biln ndng can, phin nhieu thuyen

budn d5 d Vfin Ddn, cho ndn cd mdnh ndy"

(17), Vfi'n de d$t ra d dfiy Id, tai sao nhd

T r i n lai dfit ca bai chflc quan trd'n vd quan

16 d Vdn Din, Hai chflc quan ndy Id t h i

nao? Thyc ra, quan trfi'n Id do vo tfldng chi

huy vd quan Id Ifi do quan vfin cai tri MOt

ngudi chiu trfich nbiOra vl qudn sy, mOt

ngfldi chiu trach nhidm vl dfin sy do tim

quan trpng c i a hai cang Vfin Ddn Vfi, trfi'n,

15 d ddy Id cd y ngbia nhfl vdy,

Chflc quan dflng diu cfTp 10 1^ An p h i sfl

hofic Trfi'n p h i sfl chanh, phd, chflc ndy

dfldc dfit nfim 1242 "Mua Xuan, thdng 2

nfim Nhfim Din (1242) chia nfldc Id'm 12 16

dat chflc an p h i hofic trd'n p h i chanh phd

hai vidn de cai tri" (18) Din ndm 1244,

dUdc doi thdnh tri phi, thdng phdn,

BVSKTT ch^p: "Gidp Thin, nam thfl 13

Mua Xudn, thdng Gidng, chia sai cdc vfin

t h i n di tri nhfim cac p h i 15 trong nfldc,

phdm 12 ndi, p h i cd tri phu, 10 co thdng

phdn, chfiu cd tdo vdn sfl va phd sfl gifl vipc

vdn ehd" (19) Nhfl vfiy vfin la 12 ndi cd

ngbia la 12 ddn vi banh chfnh ke tren dfldc

gpi Id p h i Id, trtfn, chau, nhflng chflc quan

lai cd nhflng ten gpi khdc Ngoai ra, mOt so'

cdng vide thuOc cfi'p Id nhfl dd dilu cd chflc

Hd dd chanh phd sfl nhfl quy dinh nfim

1255 (20)

Nhflng ghi chdp trong chfnh s i kilu

nhfl: "pbi Id", "16", "trd'n" Phu dflng trfldc

[g, nhfl the, khdng cd nghia la cfi'p phu cao

hdn c^p Id md d ddy nd cd y nghia nhfl Ifi afl

ddng cdp b thdi T r i n md thdi Phan Huy

Chu chep: "Bfi'y gid (thdi Trin - TG chu)

cdn lay tr^n 1dm p h i " (21) D^n ndm 1397,

trong qua trinh dinh quy che vl quan

coi phu, phu coi ch&u ch&u coi huy€n" (22),

bai cdc chflc dai tilu tfl xa nhflng vin dl chflc quan gidp, Ddng thdi, "ddt cdc p h i dd die, dd hO, dd thing, ting quan vfi ty thdi thfl dl trdng coi" (23) Nlu nghidn cflu

chfnh quyin cfi'p dia phfldng mfi khdng iKy

thdi gian 1dm h^ quy chiiu thi rfi't dl din din nhim lin nhfl m6t vdi tac gia (24), tflc coi 10-phi-trfi'n-chau Id cd'p chfnh quyin thing thuOc (trfldc 1397)

Din nfim 1244, cfic vidn quan cai quan cd'p lO-phi-trfi'n-chau kh6ng phai Ifi quj tOc t6n thd't nhfl trfldc nfla md Id cdc vfin t h i n nhfl tfl liOu da din d trdn D^ng Xudn Bang

trong sa hgc bi khdo da khao xdt cdc chflc

quan thdi Trin, Tac gia khdng cbi khao xdt cdc chflc quan d cfi'p Id-phi-cbdu-huydn nhfl Phan Huy Chu md cdn xdt tdi d p trai,

xd (25)

- Chinh quyin cdp ch&u Theo s i cii, cfi'p chau cd tfl thdi ho Khuc

Nfim 907, Khic Hao len thay cha (Khuc Thfla Dy-md't nam 906) lam Tilt dO sfl, l^p

ra Id, phi, chdu, xa Cac trilu Ngd, Dinb, Tiin Le sau dd, s i cu khong cho chung ta bilt ro cdch phan chia ddn vj hfinh chfnh cy

t h i ra sao Chi biet rang, nhd Dinh dfit Th4p dao qudn Nha Tiin Ld chia 10 d^o 1dm 16, phi, chau Thdi Ly chia 10 dao 1dm

24 13 Ridng Hoan chau, Ai chfiu Id dd't bidn viln ndn ddt 1dm trai Din thdi Trin, dfla

vdo CUcfng muc thi cd 12 10 vd 4 pbi, chfiu, trd'n, Tbeo An Nam chi lUiJc cua Ld Tdc thi

cd 15 Id Trong dd, da so Id danh sfich cdc

16, chi cd mdt so' chfiu nhflng vfin dflpc ghi

Ifi ch&u 16 nhfl: Lang chau Id (miln Lang

Sdn, Bdc Bdc Giang); B l Chdnh chfiu 10 (miln Quang Binh) Nlu theo ghi chdp cia

Le Tfic thi "chfiu" la cd'p ngang vdi "16"

DVSKTT cung chdp den mot a^ chdu nhfl:

Phidu ky Thfldng tfldng qudn Trin Qud'c

ie

Khang coi ch&u Diin Thupng tfldng Thdi

sfl Trin Quang Khai quan ch&u Ngh$ An

Din nfim 1397, dfldi thdi vua Trin

Thu$n T6ng, ca nfldc tbd'ng nhfi't gpi Id

chfnh quyin dia phfldng cao nhfi't Id

"10"-Dfldi 10 Id cfic phu "10"-Dfldi p h i Id cdc chdu

Dfldi chdu Id cfic buyOn vd khdng cd cd'p

hfldng vd xfi (10-phi-cbfiu-huyOn) Nhfl vfiy,

din dfiy, cd'p chfiu d miln n i l vd bidn v:§n

tflng tfldng dfldng vdi cKp 10-pbi tbi gid ddy

Id cfi'p thfl ba-dfldi cd'p phu, 10 (10 coi pbu,

p h i coi chdu)

- Chinh quyin cdp hUctng

Cfi'p hfldng tdn t^i khd p h i biln d thdi

Trin, Diu thdi T r i n gpi Id gifip, din nfim

1297, nhd T r i n doi gidp 1dm hUOng (26)

(Qude hfldng Bach Hac hUdng, bUdng Tinh

Cfldng, hUdng Tflc Mfic ) Sdch Cuang muc

cung chdp Id sau khdng chien chd'ng Mong

-Nguydn thdng ldi, nhd T r i n eho duydt dinh

dfin binh trong ca nudc, "Cac chfiu ehd ndo

trfldc la gidp, nay dd'i thanh hfldng" (27),

Nhflng tren thflc tl^, cd'p hfldng dfi dfldc

diing p h i biln tfl thdi L;^ (hfldng Sidu Lo^i

d Bdc Ninh, hfldng Bdng Sdn d chdu Ai

(Thanh Hda ngdy nay) ch^ng ban ) vd nd

dflpc d^t ra tfl thdi Dfldng (nfim 622) (28),

Mdc dfl, din nfim 1297, cfi'p hUcfng chfnh

thflc thay t h i cho cfi'p gidp, nhflng cfi'p

hfldng da dUdc ghi chdp trong chfnh s i tfl

trfldc dd, ndm 1239: "Mia Xufin, thdng

Gidng, lai cho Phflng Td Chu chflc Nh^p

nOi Thai phd, sai vl hUcfng Tito Mac (TG

nhd'n manh) dyng cung didn nhfi cia" (29)

Quan Ifnh thi gpi Id "hUttng binh" t h i bdo

Bd lao b cdc hfldng, gpi Id "huang lao" (30)

Ddn vi hdnh chfnh cd'p huang thdi T r i n

kha Idn Tbeo tfl liOu vdn bia, minh chudng

thi dudi cKp phu Id Id huang roi din xa

Theo bai minh chudng chfla Chidu Quang

{ChiSu Quang tU chung minh) do Trang

P h i thfl 9 (1385) cho thfi'y rd dfldi qfi'p 16 Ifi cfi'p huang rli dl'n cd'p xa (31)

Vdn bia "Bai Vi$t qude Binh Hap hUOng, Thi^u Long t{t bi" d thdn Milu, xa Tarm

HiOp, buyOn Phfle Tbp, Hd NOi dfl(?o khdc vfio diu thdi T r i n thi hfldng Binh Hpp kbd Idn, gim ph^m vi Ifinb t h i cfic xa Tam Hi§p, Tam Thufiin, Hi$p Tbu§in, Lidn HiOp tbuOc buyOn P h i c Tbp ngdy nay, tfldng flng vdi hai ting Thfl(?ng HiOp vd Ha HiOp cua huyOn Ydn Sdn, p h i QuIc Oai thdi Nguyin

(32) Tbeo "Gia phd hg Binh" (d Ndng Cing, Thanh Hda) thi hUOng Lam Sdn (edn goi Id sdch Khfi Man, Kha Lam) qud hfldng

Mfldng ViOt c i a Ld Ldi vfi nhilu cdng thin khai qud'c thdi Ld Sd, vdo cudi Trin din thuOc Minh bao gom 11 thdn: Nhfl dng, Thy MOnh, Hfldng Dfldng, Giao Xd, Bi Ngy, Dflc Trai, NguySn Xd, Dflng Tu, Sdn L^e, Mdt Vidn, Lung Nhai Hfldng Lam Sdn nfiy

Id m6t vflng dfi't rOng Idn, ngfiy nay cd phin dfi't trdn cac buydn Tbp Xufin, Thfldng Xufin, Ngpc Lfic c i a tinh Thanh Hda Tbeo bdi minh d Thdng Thdnh quan thdi Trdn

thi Bach Hac (ca viing Viet Tri) Ifi "huang"

Vdn bia chfla Hflng Phuc (Hflng P h i c tfl bi) so^n nfim 1324 (d Quang Hflng, huyOn Quang Xfldng, tinh Thanh Hda ngdy nay)

dd ghi cfi'p p/iil r l i dl'n hUOng: "Phi Thanh Hoa, huang YSn DuySn" (33) Nhfl vdy,

dya vfio tfii li^u trong chfnh s i cflng tfl liOu minh chudng vd bi ky, thi cd'p chfnh quyin hfldng Id sau etfp 10 (hay phi) Cip

"huang" thdi T r i n c6 t h i tfldng dfldng vdi cfi'p huy^n thdi sau (34) Cflng chung ^

kiln dd, theo cdc tdc gia T r i n Qud'c

Vu^ng, Hd Vfin TfTn thi cfi'p "huang" thdi

T r i n tfldng dfldng vdi cd'p huyin ngdy sau, Theo chung tdi, cfi'p huang thdi T r i n cd

t h i khdng bdng c^p huyOn bi^n nay nbflng nd cd t h i tfldng dfldng vdi pham vi bin, nfim xfi, Hfldng Idn nhfl t h i ndn t h i

lye c i a nhflng ngfldi dflng d i u hUOng ciing

rd't Idn Qude hfldng Id do T r i n T h i DO cai

quan, hfldng Van Kilp Id do T r i n QuIc

TuSTn cai quan nhfl ghi chdp trong

DVSKTT: "Thdi T r i n cdc vfldng h l u diu d

p h i dd d huang cua minh nhfl QuIc Tutfn

d Van Kiep, T h i DO d Qude hfldng, QuIc

Chin d Chf Linh ", MOt s i vfin bia thdi

T r i n eho bilt ngfldi dflng diu hfldng Id

cdng chUa, Id edc dai HSu ban Vdn bia

"Bcich Hac Thdng Thdnh qudn chung ky"

khdc vfio nfim D^i Khfinh (1314-1324) cd

ghi: "Trfldng cdng chfla Thidn Thyy, con

gdi ca vua thfl ba Id Thanh Tdng Id ngfldi

cai quan dfin hfldng Bach H^e, dfi tflng bd

c i a nha, mua gS l^t s i a sang din nhfl

mdi Sau khi trfldng cdng c h i a Thien

Thuy qua ddi, ddn cfl, dfi't dai hfldng nfiy

deu thuOc quyin cai quan c i a trfldng cdng

chua Thidn Chfin, con gfii ca vua thfl nfim

la Anh Tdng hofing dl, " (35), Hudng B^ch

Hac nay Ifi Thdnh pho Vidt Tn, tinh Phu

Tbp Vdn bia "HUng Phtxc tU bi" d xa Quang

Hflng, huyOn Quang Xfldng, tinh Thanh

Hda khfic dflng nfim Khai Thai (Gidp T^

-1324) cho biet hfldng Yen Duydn thuOc

p h i Thanh Hda diu do quan Thfldng

tudng minh tfl Ld Cdng An va Dai todt Ld

Bao T i , Dai todt Ld Bdng cai quan (36)

6 vdi trfldng hpp dfldi hUang Id trudng,

giang nhfl Vdn bia Sting Khdnh tu bi minh

tinh tu, nfim 1367 (D^o Dflc, Vi Xuydn,

Tuyen Quang) chdp: "Nay cd ngdi chua

Sing Khanh d hfldng Hodng Ndng, giang

Thdng, trfldng P h i Linh Id do chu c i a phu

dao hp Nguyin, tdn Id In, tu Id Vdn Gidc

sang Ifip ra" (37)

6 mien nui, cKp tfldng dfldng vdi huang

gpi Id sdch, d6ng C6 ndi dfldi sdch Id giang

nhfl trong vfin bia Phat tich san Ti£ Bgo

Hanh phdp sU diin dia ki chi chdp Dfi

giang, Di Mang sdch (sdch Di Mang, giang

Dd) (38)

Ciing theo minh chudng ta cdn bilt thdm

ddn vj hdnh ehfnh cd tdn gpi Id "kiiW [#t] Bdi minh khdc trdn Chudng chUa SUng Quang, xd y Lan, kilu Ma Lang, 10 Hdng

(Hdng 10 Ma Lang kilu y Lan xfi Sing Quang ty chung minh) Chfl "kilu" trong

"Ma Lgng kilu" Id ddn vi hdnh chfnh Idn hdn xd (39), cd t h i tfldng dfldng vdi c^p

"hfldng" ehfing? Nhflng vi sao gpi Id kilu thi edn phdi tilp tyc nghidn cflu Dilm dOc dfio cua thdi T r i n Id cd'p cbfnh

quyin "huong" khdng chi ddn thuin Id

pb^m vi dd't dai md nd Id cd'p hdnh chfnh lidn quan din pham vi hay quy m6 cia thdi fi'p (dfi't phong cho cac vfldng hlu qujr tOc), lien quan din nhflng vi trf trpng ylu cia dfit nfldc trong cac cuOc khdng chiln chfTng qufin xam Iflde Mdng - Nguydn,

- Chinh quyin cdp huyin

Ve diu thdi Trin chfla ro Theo Phan Huy Chu: "Chflc tri huydn ve ddi Ljr ddi Trin chua ro" (40) Den nfim 1397, mdi chfnh thflc dfit ra chfnh quyen cfi'p huydn

S i chdp: "Mia Ha, thang Tfl nfim Dinh Siu (1397), Dinh quy che ve quan ngodi huydn ddt Idnh uy, c h i ba de cai tri, Lp coi phi, p h i coi chdu, chau coi huydn" (41)

• Cdp chinh quyin xd

Theo s i cu, cfi'p xa dfldc d$t tfl thdi Khuc Hao (907), Din thdi Trin, chflc quan cfi'p xa c6: Dai tU xfi (cdn goi Id Dai todt) phai tfl Ngu ph^m trd Idn vd Tilu tU xfi (cdn gpi Id Tilu tofit) phai tfl Lye phim trd xuing (42) Ngodi ra ed cdc chflc xd chfnh, xd s i , xa giam gpi chung Id xa quan S i chdp, nfim

1242, ciing vdi vide chia ca nfldc lfim 12 Id

thi chflc quan d c^p xa quy dinh: "Cdc xa, sdch thi dat chUc Bai, Tiiu tU xd, tii ngU phdm trd ISn la Bgi tu xd, tii luc phdm trd xudng la Tieu tU xd, hogc cd ngUdi kiim 2,3,4 xd, cUng xd chinh, xd sijt, xd gidm, ggi

trong myc Xd quan Id: "Diu nhd Trin,

Thfii Tdng bdt diu d^t (cdc chflc) d^i (tfl

xfi), tilu tfl xa, (quan tfl) ngfl phim trd Idn

Ifi d^i tu xd, Iyc phim trd xuIng Id tilu tfl

xfi cflng vdi xa trfldng, xd gidm diu Id xfi

quan, gifl vi^e 1dm hO tjch, chflc vj cflng

xem Id quan trpng Cdc ddi sau noi theo

khdng dii Din Thu^n Ting, trong ddi

Quang Thdi, mdi bfii chflc xfi quan" (44)

Din cudi ddi Trin, nfim 1397 nbd Trin ra

lOnb: "Bdi cdc chiic dai tiiu tU xd, chUc

qudn gidp vdn di nhU ciV (45) Nhfl v$y,

din nfim 1397, chflc quan cd'p xd chfnh

thflc bi bai bd nhflng vfin dl chflc qufin

gifip

M^t khfic, theo tfl HOu vfin bia ta c d t h i

bilt thdm mOt sd'chi tilt khd thu vj vl mOt

sl^ chflc danh thdi T r i n mfi khdng dflyc ghi

chip trong chfnh s i nhfl trong nOi dung

Bia xd Nggc Binh (Nggc Binh xd bi) ddt

t^i xa Ngpc Dinh, tong T b i y Cam, p h i

Thanh Oai, tinh Hd Ddng (nay thuOc Ha

NOi) Bia ghi rd nien dai ngdy 15 t h i n g 5

ndm At Mao nidn hidu Long IGidnh 3

(1375), ddi vua T r i n Du? Tdng Vi dy: v l

hdnh chfnh cd chflc Pho hgt, chflc Xd chu

Vl quan Thi vO, cd cdc chflc Thi vi thU

ddu phdm, Thi vi nh&n dUng thii mgo

phuc, NgU tiin tuyin hap Vl vdn chflc, cd

edc chflc: ThU gia, chi h&u thu gia, ThUsH,

thu ban; Cd t l chflc am nh^c Thdi nh^c

cyc, Thfinh Tfl Thfii nhpc eye vd nhfin viln

xuy cdng, chi hfiu xuy cdng " (46) JSia

d6ng Thiin Tdn khdc trdn vdch dd dOng

Thien Tdn ndm 1376 DOng h xd Da Gifi

H?, tong Da Gid, huyOn Gia Khfinh, nay

thuOc Hoa Lfl, tinh Ninh Binh Trong bia

cd ghi tdn quan chflc Ifi "Dd diu" (47) mfi

trong BVSKTT hay trong Sit hgc bi khdo

cua D$ng Xudn Bang vd Tii diS'n quan

chiic Vi^t Nam cua Do Vdn Ninh khdng h i

ghi chdp v l chflc quan ndy

Nhu v^y, t l chflc ehfnh quyin dja

phfldng thdi T r i n dfi tilng tin t^i edc tfin

gpi: phu-l^-trdn-ch&u, huyfn, gidp-hUOng,

giang, trudng, trgi, sdch, kiiu, xd, trang,

Trong dd, cd nhibig tdn gpi cho bilt cing

ctfp hfinh chfnh (trfldc 1397) nhfl

phu-l^-trdn-ch&u; gidp-huang Nhflng tdn gpi trgi,

sdch (48) d i n g cho miln nui Giang, ding

cho vflng d dpc bd sdng (49)

ViOc lya chpn quan l^i cbo cdc cKp chfnh quyin d\a phfldng dflpe nhfi T r i n hit sflc

c h i trpng Cfi'p phii l^, trdn, ch&u thdi gian

dfiu ding ngfldi t i n thfft cai quan, sau ding ngfldi d3 d^t eao, tuyIn chpn qua tbi

ci Vf dy, p h i 10 Thanh Hda, mOt vOjig dfit

phdn ddu cua d&t nfldc, luc d i u nbd Trin

c i ngudi cd vj trf quan trpng bdc n h i t cia trilu dinh cai qufin, dd Id Thd'ng quIc Thai sfl T r i n T h i Dd 1dm Tri p h i Thanh Hda (nfim 1234), nhflng dl'n nfim 1250, trilu dinh da eho Minh tfl Lflu MiSn lfim An phi sfl p h i iO Thanh Hofi (Lflu Miln do Dd nhd't gidp trong k^ thi Thai hpc sinh nfim 1239)

Cing vdi vdi viOc thilt l$p h$ thing quan chic cfic cd'p, nhd Trfin da chu trpng din quy djnh c h l dO Ifldng bing cho ting

Idp quan lidu: "Ndm 1244 Mua ddng

thdng 10, dinh lUtJng bdng cia cdc quan Idm vi$c trong ngodi vd cdc quan tic v€"

(60) Din thdng 3 nfim 1246, l^i ra l^nh dinh rd khoang thdi gian d l thdng chflc

tfldc: "Khdo duy^t.ede quan vdn vd trong

ngodi, cU IS ndm m^t lan duyit, dink 10 ndm thdng tUdc m6t cdp, 15 ndm thdng

chac mdt 6 ^ " (51), Cfic chic quan h trung fldng Ifi quan trong, cfic chflc quan cdTp dia phfldng Ifi

quan ngodi Sfich Lich triiu hidn ckitOng log.i chi eho bilt: "Ndm thuC 10 (1397) dinh a^ quan ngodi: d l^ dot An phu sit vd Pho

dg( thdng phdn, thiim phdn, d huyin ddt

linh iy, chu bg Ld thi thdng cdc phi, phi

thdng ch&u, ch&u thdng huy^n Phdm

nhiing viic hd tich, tiin thdc, nguc ty.ng thi

gim lai Idm sdcd Id cudi ndm bdo lin sdnh

de theo dd ma khdo xet Lcii dgt cdc dd ddc,

dd hg, dd thdng, tdng qudn phi vd thdi thi

ty" (52)

Ting Idp qu;^ tOc vfi t i n g Idp quan lidu Ifi

hai ddng/hfldng duyc tuyIn vdo bO mfiy nhfi

nfldc vfi Id tru c6t c i a nhfi nfldc trung fldng

tfip quyin (53) Bd mfiy quan Hdu dflyc t l

chic ch$t ehd tfl trung fldng din dia phfldng

"Cdc chitc quan trong, quan ngodi thdi TYdn diu CO thdng thudc vd cdc danh hiSu cdc quan c6 phdn hay hOn triiu I4, nhUng vi chUc sU diin cdch thi ^ i lUpc cdng co tham chudc theo trUdc Trong khodng 160 ndm duy tri dUgc chinh tri gido hod, ki cung Id chid6 hay cia m6t difi" (54),

Qufi trinh xdy dflng vd cing cl^h^ thing chfnh quyin dja phfldng c i a nhd Trin da gdp p h i n xdy dflng vfi cing c l nhfi nfldc trung fldng tfip quyin

CHUTHiCH

(1) Vu Duy Min: Ldng xd thdi Trdn, T?p chf

Nghiin ciiu Lick s&, sfi'396, t h i n g 4- 2009, tr 37

(2) Khdm dink Viit sU thdng gidm citOng mi^c

CTilf d i y xin vilt t i t Ifi Cfldng myc), Tfip 1, Nxb

Gifio dye 1998, tr 540, vi^t: "Nguygn Khoii

dUflc ban cho m^t "hUdng" Ging) goi tfin Ifi Khoii

Ifi",

(3), Dfio Duy Anh: Ddt nitdc Viet Nam qua cdc

ddi Nxb Thufin Hfia, HuC 1996, tr, 136-137

(4) Vi^a Sfl hoc: Lick sit Viit Nam thiky X •

ddu thdky XV Nxb Khoa h<?c x i h^i (KHXH), Hfi

N9i, 2002, tr 230

(5) t)y ban Khoa hoc xfi h§i Vi|t Nam: Lich si

Viet Nam tfip I, Nxb KHXH, H i N$i, 1971, tr.l85

(6) cuang irt(ic, T i p I add, tr 463

(7) Cuang muc Tfip I add, tr 463

(8) Nguyin Trdi todn tdp, Nxb KHXH, H i N$i,

1976 tr.552

(9) Chfiu 6 : Lfi vdng dfit tfl dfio Lao Bao din

luu vyc afing Thjich Han (nay lfi sdng Quang Trj)

phfa Nam tinh Quang Trj Chfiu 0 l i viing dSt cQ

cua Vudng qufic Champa

(10), Chfiu LJ: Lfi vflng dfi't cQ cua Vudng qufic

Champa Ngfiy nay l i tinh Thfla ThiSn-Hul, N i m

1307, nhfi TrSn d^i chfiu 0 lfi Thufin chiu vfi chfiu

(11), Dfio Duy Anh: Ddt niidc Vi4t Nam qua cdc

ddi, Nxb KHXH, H i N$i, 1994, tr.l24

(12) Dia danh Ngh§ An xufit hi§n til thbi hy

Viit sit tape chfip: "Thfing Ch^p nfim T i n Ty

(1101) doi Hoan chiu Iim phu Nghfi An" (Vi« sit

lu<;c, Trfin Quoc Vfldng phi&n djch v i chu giai,

Nxb Thufin Hfia-Trung tfim Ngfin ngfl V i n hda Dong Tfiy, Hfi Nfii 2005 tr.l09) DVSKTT cung ch6p: "Thing 4-1036 D i t h i n h dinh 6 chfiu Hoan doi ten chfiu fiy lfi Nghfi An" PJVSKTT, t i p 1, Nxb KHXH, H i Nfii, 1972 tr 213) Dg'n cufii dSi Trfin,

nfim Long Khfinh thfl 3 (1375) &6\ chfiu Dign lfim

lfi DiSn chfiu, chfiu Hoan lfim cfic lfi Nhit Nam, Nghf An nam bftc trung (DVSMT tfip II, Nxb KHXH, Hfi Nfii 1971, tr.l84) Din n i m 1397, dfi'i

Ngh$ An lfim t r i n Lfim An, DiSn chfiu lfim ir&a

Vong Giang

(13) Phan Huy ChiS: Lich triiu hidn ckiiOng

lo9i chf tfip I, myc Quan chile chi, Nxb KHXH,

Hfi Nfii, 1992, tr.478

(14) Tfin g^i Qufic Oai (chfiu QuSc Oai) b i t dfiu

cfi tfl thdi Ly • nfim 1207, thdi Trfin khoang nfim

1329-1314 (nifin hi^u Khai Huu) goi lfi 1$ Qufic Oai, khfing rS nfim nfio dd'i lfi t r i n Nfim 1397 dli lfi t r i n Quang Oai

(15) DVSKTT tfip II, Nxb KHXH Hfi N§i,

(16) Sfich Cuang m(ic chfip lfi h&i trang Vfin

Ddn Trang: tfin gpi nhiing ndi cd phfi'xfi budn bfin

Phim vfit tfip trung 6 trang rfii mdi tifiu thy di ndi

khfic (Cudng myc Tfip I, add, tr 621)

(17) DVSKTT, tfip II add, tr 152

(18), DVSKTT, tfip II, sdd tr 18

(19) DVSKTT t$p II add, tr 20

(20) DVSKTT, tfip II, add, tr 27

(21) Phan Huy Chd: Lich triiu hUh ckMng

lo^ cht tfip I, myc Quan chflc chf, sdd, tr 478

(22) DVSKTT tfip II add, tr 220

(23) DVSKTT, tfip II sdd tr, 220

(24) Tfic gia Phan Khoang trong bfii: Li/^ sit

ekdd$ xa thOn d Vift Nam • Chdd^ xd thdn tyC tr^

06 nSn giS l^i ckdd^ xd thdn tyt tr} kkdng?, Tfip

aan Sul Dja e6 1-1966 Sfii Gdn tr 37 dfi vilt:

"ThSi Trfin a^ phfin chia khu vyc hfinh chfnh cua

trifiu trudc dU0c atle dd'i hofin tofin nfldc chia lfim

12 1$ lfi chia lfim oiuiix phu hofic chfiu chia Iim

nhiSu xi" Tfic gia da cfi sy nhfim iSn khi dUa ra h$

thong chfnh quy^n thfing thu$c nhU viy 6 thdi

Trfin, cip trfin, cip giip-hUdng ton t^i r i t phSbiln

nhung khfing thfi'y tfic gia nhfic d^n

(25) Dfing Xufin Bang: Sit hgc bf khdo Vi@n Sfl

hpc-Nxb Vfin hda-Thfing tin, H i Nfii.1998, tr B18

(26) BVSKTT, tfip II, add, tr.82

(27) Cuang m^c, Chfnh bifin q.8, tr.26

(28) Cao Hflng TrUng trong An Nam cht

nguySn dfin theo sfich Ngi^y Vi$t ngo^i ky thi ctTp

hUdng dUi^ dfit ra vio nfim 622, dudi thdi Thfl s i

Giao chfiu l i Khfiu Hofi, g6m cd D^i hUdng vfi Tilu

hfldng cung trong nfim nfiy n h i Dudng dii Giao

chfiu lfim An nam Dfi h^ phii De'n ddi Ducing

Trinh Nguyfin (785-806), vifin Dfi hO Tri^u XUdng

ch! g^i lfi hUdng mfi khfing dfing D^i hfldng v i

Tilu huong Din thcli Dudng Hfim Thdng

(860-874), Cao Biln chia dfit 159 hUdng (Ixti chii thfch

cua hai djch gia Ifi: trong afich chfip lfi "hUdng

thuOc" cd lfi phfin chia cfic xa sfit nh^p thfinh

hi^u Khai Binh (907-911), nhfi LUdng, Tilt dO sfl lfi Khflc H90 lfi dii hUdng lfim gifip, dfit thfim 150 cfng vdi trfldc lfi 314 gifip Thdi L^, Trfin ho(ic d l nhu cQ hofic dii mdi Theo Ph^m Trpng

Dilm-NguySn Ding Chi (dich): Mdt It tii li$u lich ail vi

An nam chi nguyin, T$p aan Nghifin cflu Vfin Sfl

Dja, Bi 20, thfing 8-1956 tr 60

(29) DVSKTT, t$p II, add, tr.23

(30) DVSKTT t$p II add, tr.34

(31) Trfldng Hflu Qu^nh (chu bien)-Phan D^i

Doin-NguySn Cfinh Minh: Dfii cUang lich sit Vi^t

Nam tfip I Nxb Gifio Dye, Hfi Nfii, 1998 tr.lS2

(32) Xem: Ph^m Th} Thoa: Thit tim hiiu dia

danh Binh Htjp T9P chf Nghiin c&u Hdn Ndm a l

z -1990 tr, 43

(33) £}(![ cuang lich sit Vi4t Nam, t$p I, add,

tr.l81

(34) D^i cUang tick ait Vi4t Nam tfip I add, tr,182, Cfi'p hUdng thdi Trfin theo sfich D^i citang

lich sii Viit Nam phfin vift ciia GS Phan D^i

Doan, cfi chfl thfch ring: "cfi t h i tUdng flng nhu huy$n" (tr 182) Cung trong phfin nfiy GS Phan

D^i Dodn cho rfing: Sich hay hudng HuA Trfin k h i

Idn (tUdng dUdng vdi t i n g thdi Nguyin sau niy) (36) Xem: H i Vfin T i n - Ph^im Thj Tfim: Bdi

minh trin chudng Thdng Thdnh qudn vd m^t sd vdn di vi Ifch si ddi Trdn, T^p chf Nghiin cOu

LfcA sii'fNCLS), si881966, tr 2532; Thtf tfdn i ^ '

-Trdn, tfip II, quy^n ThU^ng, Nxb Khoa hpc x i h§i,

Hfi NOi 1989, tr.630

(36), Tha vdn Ly - Trdn tfip II quyin ThUflng

Nxb KHXH, Hfi N^i, 1989, tr.638

(37) NguySn IMnh Chiln-Ngfi T h i Long: Tdm

bia ddi Trdn Dy Tdng mdi phdt hi^n d Hd Tuyin

T w chf Khdo cdhpc ad 3-1979, tr.69 (38) Dfi cUang lich sit Vi^t Nam, tfip I, add,

tr.l81

(39), Bfii minh khfic trfin Chufing chfla Siias

Quang Ifin dfiu tifin du<7c L i Qu^ Ddn nhfic din

Sau Lfi Qujr Dfin, chua cfi m$t cfing trinh nfio nhfic

tdi bfii minh nfiy Lfi Qu^ Dfin khfing djnh lfi

"chufing da mit" NhUng bfii minh khfic trfin

chufing da d u ^ sao chfip trong mfit sflu tfip vfin

bia cfi tfin lfi Kim vdn lo^i ((t hi$n cfi 6 Vi^n

Nghien cflu Hfin Nfim, k^ hi$u A 1059 Cfic dja

danh xa "i Lan, kiSu Ma Lang, ndi Trung Sdn

trong bia, chfla xic djnh du^c rfi d ndi nfio Xem:

Hoing Vfin Lfiu: Chudng chita Sitng Quang, trong:

Vdn likdc Hdn Ndm Vi^t Nam, tfip II, Thdi Trfin,

quyin Thu<^g, National Chung Cheng University

Chia Yi-Vifin Nghidn cflu H i n Ndm, Hfi N^i- 2002

tr 133

(40) Phan Huy Chd: Lfch triiu hidn chUOng

lofi chi, tfip I, myc Quan chflc chf, add tr, 478

(41) DVSKTT tfip n sdd tr 220

(42) a Lfing ThU<3ng, L i n g Trung cho din thdi

Cfin dflii (dfiu t h i k j XX) vfin cd chflc Toit (Gifi

lfing)

(43) DVSKrr tfip II sdd, tr.l9

(44) Phan Huy Chii: Lick triiu hiin chiidng

loai chi t i p I sdd, tr.479

(45) DVSKTT tfip II, sdd, tr.220

(46) Nguyfin Thj Phuang: Bia xd Nggc Dtnh

(Nggc Dtnh xd hi), trong; Vdn khdc Hdn Ndm Viit

Nam, tfip II Thdi Trfin, tfip H?, National Chung

Cheng University Chia Yi - Vi^n Nghifin cflu Han

Nfim, Hfi N9i, 2002, tr 575

(47) Lfim Giang: Bia ddng Thiin Tdn, trong:

Vdn khdc Hdn Ndm Vi4t Nam, Tfip II, Thdi Trfin,

tfip H9 add, tr 689

(48) Ddn vj "sfich" ngudn gfic ciia Sfich trong

sich Tdn dinh Link Nam chtch qudi chfip nhU sau:

Vfio ddi vua Hflng vUdng thfl Chfn, diing cfly nfiu

d l xfic dinh mdc gidi d cie s i n vUdn ciia cfic con

"Cdn hfim mfit con trai khic cho lfim quan ndi

phfin gi$u gidp vua d cfic ndi Sau nfiy, gifi nhU cd con nfio cd f tranh ngfii trUdng thi d i cd cfic cAy

nfiu vua cha sai d m d cie afin vUdn tfnig ngUdi rli"

(Tdn dinh Unk Nam ckich qudi Nxb KHXH, Hfi

N$i 1993, tr 102) Phfin Chu thfch cua sich gifii thfch rO hdn "Cfiy nfiu: dfiy lfi mfit dj khao vfi tfch cfiy nfiu ngfiy Tit khfic vdi tfch cfiy nfiu, ndi lfi lfim dfiu ehfing ma quy xim ph^m d i t Phfit d i chia cho

ngudi Cfi 1§ ^ v l tfin giio lfi f vi sau Cfiy nfiu vua

cha chia dja phfin cho cfic con chfnh l i cie sich bfing

gfi ( m ^ sfich) m i Trfin T h i Phip nfiu Ifin b phfin kit

cfiu chuyen Vfi sau "sfich" trd thfinh mfit ddn vj

hinh chfnh d miia nui, Chfl "sich" (m$t bfin b$ m^c

m^t bfin chfl sfich) cfi nghia l i cii 090 bd rio (49) Thdi Lfi, nhiing xfim ling d ven sdng ven biln khuyfin nghfi chii ludi goi Ifi v^n Nhflng tfin goi khic cd thfi k l din nhu xa, thdn, trang d$ng sfich, tr^i, ad, phudng Trang, dfing, sich tr^i lfi nhflng lfing d miln nui; phudng lfi khu cie nhfi cflng lfim mfit nghfi d quy ty vdi nhau

(50) DVSKTT tfip II, sdd, tr.20

(51) DVSKTT tfip n sdd, tr.21

(52) Phan Huy Chd: Lick triiu kiin ckUOng

logi chi tfip I, sdd, tr.445

(53) Xem thfim: NguySn Hong Phong: Vi ckd

dd qudn chu quy tgc thdi Trdn, T^p chf Nghien c&u Lick sU, ao 4-1986 tr 26-35; Nguyen Hong Phong: Vdn hod chink tri Viet Nam truyin thdng vd hiin dai, Trung tfim Nghien cflu v i TU vfin vfi p h i t

triln v i Nxb V i n hoa-Thfing tin H i N§i,1998

(54) Phan Huy Chu: Lich triiu hidn chuang

logi chi, tfip I, add tr.446; Xem thfim: Trfin Thj

Vinh: Tim hiiu tkidt ckevd td chiic nhd nUdc tkiA

Trdn Tflp chf Ngkiin citu Lich si?, sfi' 3 & 4 • 1988,

tr 21-25