Bài viết trình bày quan hệ an ninh, chính trị Việt Nam với Lào; quan hệ an ninh, chính trị Việt Nam với Campuchia; tác động của quan hệ an ninh, chính trị Việt Nam với Lào và Campuchia đối với ba nước và khu vực.
Trang 1QUAN HE A ] \ NENK - CHII^n TRI VIET NAM V d l
^'
LAO VA CAMPrCHIA GIAI DOAN 1991 BEM MAY
TRAN XUAN HlfiP*
Quan he Viet Nam vdi Ldo vd
Campuchia tren linh vflc an ninh
-chinh tri dUdc hinh thdnh, cung cd' va phdt
trien tfl rd't sdm, trai qua cdc giai doan lich
sfl dflng nfldc vd gifl nfldc, ddc biet trong
thdi ky khdng chie'n chd'ng thflc dan Phdp
vd de qudc My xdm lUdc Qua trinh hinh
thdnh, phat trien cua mdi quan he dd dUpc
bdt ngudn tfl nhflng nhan td' ve dia ly, lich
sii, van hda, xd bdi va dflpc tang cUdng bdi
chinh sach doi ngoai lang gilng truyin
thd'ng tdt dep gifla ba nfldc Ben canh dd,
quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla ba qud'c gia,
ddn tpc cdn chiu n h i l u tac dpng cua boi canh
qudc te vd khu viic TrUdc sii bien ddi nhanh
chdng cua tinh hinh the'gidi, xu the toan cdu
boa, khu viic hda ngay cdng phat trien, do
dd ca ba quoc gia deu xem an ninh - chinh
tri la linh viic dUdc Uu tien va la moi quan
tdm hang ddu trong quan he ba nUdc
Budc vdo the ky XXI, the gidi dang vdn
dpng theo nhflng xu hfldng ma nhieu qud'c
gia, dac biet la nhflng nfldc di sau nhfl Viet
Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia kho cd the cUdng
lai nhu todn cdu hod, xd bdi thdng tin, each
mang khoa hpc cdng nghe, kinh te tri
thflc Thach thflc cua toan cdu hod dien ra
ngay cdng manh me tren ca binh dien quo'c
te' ldn khu vflc, bao trum len mpi mat ddi sd'ng chinh tri, kinh te', van hda, xa hdi cua tflng qud'c gia, dan tdc Tren thflc te', xu the
da cflc hod chinh tri vd todn cdu hod kinh te' dang ngdy cdng phdt trien Chu nghia ba quyln vdn phdt huy tac dung, vi vdy hdp tdc vd kilm che' ldn nhau da trd thdnh ndt ddc trflng ldn nhd't trong quan he gifla cac nfldc ldn Dilu dd tac ddng rd't ldn de'n quan
he an ninh - chinh tri cua Viet Nam vdi Lao
vd Campuchia
Ben canh xu hudng hod binh hdp tac, tren linh viic an ninh - chinh tri tren the' gidi vdn cdn tdn tai n h i l u nguy cd tilm dn cua chien t r a n h vd xung dot Cac vd'n de
"ndng" tren the' gidi vdn dien ra hdng ngdy
n h u chie'n t r a n h khu viic, xung dot ton gido, sdc tpc, t r a n h chd'p bien gidi cung vdi nhflng thdch thflc an ninh phi truyin thd'ng ngdy mdt gia tang sflc dp len cac chu the qud'c gia
Chidn t r a n h lanh ke't thuc da triet tieu nguy cd ddi ddu gifla Ddng - Tay va Ddng Nam A dupc giai phong khdi ganh nang vd moi de doa dd Vd'n dd Campuchia Id mpt vd'n d l phflc tap dd dfldc cpng ddng the gidi
vd Viet Nam, Campuchia cung phoi hdp giai quye't thoa dang Thang 10-1991, Hiep
•Th.S Khoa KHXH&NV - Dai hoc Duy Tan, Di Ning
Trang 2Quanh^ an ninh - chfnh hi 53
dinh Paris ve Campuchia dUdc ky ke't, md
ra kha nang cdc nU6c Dong DUdng hpi nhdp
vdo ASEAN vd the gidi Trong qud trinh
ddy sdi dpng cua Dong Nam A, ASEAN da
chuyen tfl ASEAN 5 thanh ASEAN 10, tfl
mdt td chflc.mang tinh phdng ngfla, cd luc
ddi ddu vdi ba nUdc Ddng DUdng da trd
thanh mdt cdng ddng hod hdp cung phat
trien Tuy nhien, Ddng Nam A ndi chung
va ba nUdc Viet Nam, Lao va Campuchia
ndi rieng vdn ludn tdn tai nhflng mdm
mdng bd't dn Do cd n h i l u ton giao va van
hod khdc nhau cung sd'ng xen ke, nen de cd
kha ndng xay ra nhflng cudc ndi ddy, xung
dot vdi quy md nhd d n h i l u ndi Sfl bdt dn
dinh ve xa hpi cung de cd kha nang lam xay
ra nhflng cudc dau tranh d nhiing khu vflc
kinh te chdm phat trien nhfl Mianma, Ldo,
Philippin, Campuchia O nhieu ndi, dfldng
bien gidi chfla dfldc hoach dinh ro rang nen
cd kha ndng tdi phdt thanh cupc tranh
chd'p lanh thd gifla cac nfldc Tinh trang
tranh chd'p d Bien Ddng, nan khung bd^ vd
cac thach thflc an ninh phi truyen thd'ng
ngdy cdng gia tang manh me Ngoai ra,
viec cac nfldc ldn tranh gianh anh hfldng
tai khu vflc Ddng Nam A cung dat cac nfldc
trfldc nhflng thach thflc nghiem trpng Ta't
ca nhiing va'n d l neu tren budc Viet Nam,
Lao vd Campuchia cdn cd nhiing chinh
sach ddi ngoai dung ddn, ddng thdi phai
tiep tuc cd nhflng lien ket chat che trong
quan he an ninh - chinh tri nhdm gifl vflng
dn dinh vd phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi cua
mdi nfldc
1 Quan he an n i n h - c h i n h trj Viet
Nam vdi Lao
Sau khi gidnh dfldc ddc Idp, cung vdi xu
the' hod binh hdp tdc ngdy cdng rpng md
trong quan he qudc te, quan he Viet Nam
vdi Lao cung co nhflng cd hpi phat t r i l n v l
moi mat Noi bat trong quan he chinh tri
ngoai giao la sfl nha't tri cao gifla hai Dang tren td't ca cac vd'n d l cd ban cua each mang hai nfldc, dfldc danh dd'u bdng nhflng cudc trao ddi thfldng ky hang nam gifla hai
Bd chinh tri Tfl nam 1990 trd lai day, cdc nhd lanh dao cd'p cao cua Dang, Nhd nfldc hai nfldc da cd n h i l u chuyen vieng tham ldn nhau nhdm trao ddi kinh nghiem v l cdc linh vflc quan ly nhd nUdc, xdy diing Dang, xdy diing nen kinh te' thi trUdng theo dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghia da tao ra hieu qua thiet thiic Trong chuyen tham Lao (8-1992), Tdng Bi thU Do Mudi da ra tuyen bd
khang dinh: "Hai nUdc cdn thiei phdi cung
cd chd't lupng vd hiiu qud cua viic hdp tdc trong hiep udc hdu nghi, dodn ke't ddc biet
vd sii hdp tdc todn diin trong tinh hinh, dieu kien cua hai nUdc vd trin nguyen tdc gid nen dpc lap chu quyen, binh ddng vd cdc ben deu co ldi nhU nhau " (1) Tie'p ndi
truyen thd'ng quy bdu dd, trong nhflng nam gdn day, cac chuyen vieng thdm ldn nhau cua cac nha lanh dao bai Dang, hai Nhd nfldc ngdy cdng dfldc tang cUdng Ndm
2002, Chu tich nUdc Cdng hda Dan chu Nhan dan Lao Khamtay Xinphandon da tham hflu nghi chinh thflc nUdc ta Phdt bieu trong chuyen tham Viet Nam ldn nay, Chu tich coi dd la minh chflng cho viec that chat quan he Viet - Lao va nhd'n manh:
"Chung tdi khdng dinh se tii'p tuc hdp tdc vdi Bdng, Nhd nUdc vd nhdn ddn Viet Nam anh em, ldm hit sdc minh de gid gin vd phdt trien moi quan hi hdu nghi dodn kei ddc biit vd sii hdp tdc todn dien Viet -Ldo " (2) Viec lanh dao cd'p cao hai nfldc
thfldng xuyen tham vieng cung nhU cac cudc gap thudng xuyen d i i n ra cua cdc cd quan Idnh dao hai Dang cdng lam tang cUdng sii hieu bidt, tin cdy ldn nhau, tao ra
sU nhd't tri v l cdc vd'n d l cd ban cua dUdng ldi chie'n lUdc, sdch lUdc cua mdi nUdc ciing nhu cdc vdn d l qudc te quan trpng, ddng
Trang 354 Rghien curu Lich sJr sd 6.2010
thdi nang cao hieu qua cua sii hdp tac hflu
nghi Tdng Bi thfl Ndng Dflc Manh
(10-2006), dd k h i n g dinh: "Trong quan hi qudc
ti', that hii'm cP mPi quan hi ndo thdm
thiei, ben vdng, thuy chung nhU quan he
Viet - Ldo trd thdnh moi quan hi mdu
mUc trong sdng, la tdi sdn vP gid cua hai
Ddng, hai ddn tpc vd Id quy ludt phdt triin,
mpt nhdn to' dam bdo thdng ldi cua sU
nghiep xdy diing vd bdo vi TP qudc " (3)
Thdng qua cac chuyen thdm nay da tang
cfldng sfl hieu bie't, tin cdy ldn nhau, thuc
d i y hdp tdc hflu nghi khong ngflng phat
trien gifla Viet Nam vd Ldo Dung nhfl ldi
phat bieu ciia Thu tUdng Chinh phu Ldo
Bua Xdn Bup Pha Vdn nhdn dip ky niem
45 nam thiet Idp quan he ngoai giao gifla
haj nUdc (1962-2007): "Ddng, Nhd nUdc vd
nhdn ddn Ldo vo cung tU hao nhdn thdy
hai nUdc chung ta dd hdp tdc vd phoi hdp
chat che trong linh vUc chinh tri Hai Ddng,
hai Nhd nUdc thUdng xuyen trao ddi, gap gd
nen da hieu biii vd tin cay nhau sdu sdc
Do Id dieu kien thudn ldi de tdng cUdng
quan he hdp tdc todn dien, dac biit Id ve an
ninh, qudc phong, ngoai giao, kinh te, vdn
hod, khoa hgc - ky thuat dat hiiu qud thiet
thUc hdn" (4)
Ngodi kenh ngoai giao chinh thflc gifla
hai Dang, hai Nhd nUdc, quan he ngoai
giao Viet Nam - Lao cdn cd sU ddng gdp
quan trpng cua kenh ngoai giap nhan ddn
Dd la sU hdp tac gifla cdc ngdnh, cac cdp,
cdc tinh ke't nghia, cac dia phfldng dpc theo
bien gidi, cac cd quan dodn the qudn chung
cua nhan dan hai nfldc
De dam bao hod binh, hflu nghi va dn
dinh ldu ddi, gdp phdn dfla quan he an
ninh - chinh tri Viet Nam vdi Lao len bfldc
phdt trien mdi thi viec giai quyet vd'n d l
hoach dinh vd cdm mdc bien gidi quoc gia
Id mdt trong nhflng nhiem vu quan trpng
Tfl nhflng nam 90 the ky XX, de tao dilu kien thudn ldi hdn trong viec dam bao an ninh - chinh tri mdi nUdc cung nhU khu viic trUdc tdc ddng mdi cua boi canh qud'c te vd hodn thien cac quy dinh v l quan ly bien gidi, hai ben da ky ke't Hiep dinh v l quy che bien gidi Viet Nam - Lao ngdy 1-3-1990
vd Nghi dinh thU bd sung Hipp dinh v l quy che' bien gidi Viet Nam - Lao ngay
31-8-1991 Tfl nam 1991-1997 hai ben da thflc hien 7 cudc hpp thfldng nien gifla hai dodn dai bieu bien gidi Viet - Ldo nhdm ddnh gid, kiem diem cong tdc phdi hpp gifla hai ben trong qua trinh thflc hien Hiep dinh Tai cudc hpp thudng nien ldn thfl VII td chflc tai Hue (27-31/8/1997), hai ben da ky Nghi dinh thfl sfla ddi vd bd sung Hiep dinh v l quy che bien gidi qud'c gia Viet Nam - Lao ngdy 1-3-1990 Tai Dilu 2 cua
Nghi dinh da ghi ro: "Hai ben ky ke't co bien phdp kien quyei ngdn chdn mgi hdnh dpng khPng cho phep ben ndo tuy tiin xdy dUng them bdt cd cong trinh gi trong phg.m vi
100 (mpt trdm) met cdch dUdng bien gidi ve moi bin Ne'u bin ndo co nhu cdu xdy dUng trong pham vi noi tren, phdi thdng bdo vd trao doi trUdc vdi phia ben kia tren cd sd ton trgng chu quyen, ldi ich cua nhau, phu hdp vdi cdc diiu kien vd hodn cdnh thiic te'' (5)
Ddng chu y, tfl nam 1995 den 2003 hai ben
da phdi hdp xdy dflng ban dd ky thuat sd' hien dai v l dfldng bien gidi qud'c gia Viet -Lao ty le 1/50.000 phuc vu cho cdng tac quan ly bien gidi Day Id mdt viec lam cd y nghia an ninh - chinh tri het sflc to ldn, gdp phdn Cling cd' mdi quan he hflu nghi ddc biet Viet - Ldo Tfl 8 cfla k h I u chinh theo Hiep dinh quy che' bien gidi ky nam 1990, de'n nam 2007 hai ben da phdi hdp md ndng cd'p dfldc 6 cfla k h I u qud'c te, 5 cfla khdu chinh vd 14 ciia khdu phu, dap flng nhu cdu giao Iflu qua lai bien gidi gifla hai nfldc
vd phuc vu tich cUc cho cdng cupc phat
Trang 4Quan M an ninh - chfnh tn 55
trien kinh te - xa hdi, cung cd' toan dien
quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nUdc
cung n h u cac dia phUdng dpc hai ben bien
gidi Ddnh gia nhflng thdnh tiiu dat dfldc
trong qua trinh phan gidi vd cdm mdc
dfldng bien gidi Viet Nam - Ldo, dodn dai
bidu chinh phu hai nUdc da neu ro: "Hai
ben rdt vui miing nhdn thdy rdng, trong
qud trinh phdn vg.ch cu thedudng biin gidi
tren thUc dia, nhving trUdng hdp kho khdn
do lich sd delai, do dia hinh riing nui hiem
trd gdy ra, deu dUdc gidi quy it tdt trin cd sd
hodn todn nhdt tri, ton trgng ldn nhau, vda
ddm bdo nguyin tdc, vda dam bdo hdu
nghi, dam dd tinh nghia anh em, vi ldi ich
cua mdi quan hi dac hiit Viet Nam - Ldo"
(6)
V l hdp tdc ddi phd vdi nhflng thdch thflc
an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng gifla hai nfldc
Viet - Lao vdn ludn la vd'n d l quan trpng vd
CO y nghia chien Ifldc, ddc biet la trong thdi
ky ddi mdi va xay dflng chu nghia xa hdi
cua ca hai nUdc Linh vflc hdp tdc ndy da
dap flng yeu cdu gifl vflng dn dinh chinh tri
vd an ninh qud'c gia, tao dilu kien thudn ldi
de phdt trien kinh te, gdp phdn gifl vflng
hod binh, dn dinh, hdp tdc vd phdt trien
cua mdi nfldc va cua ca khu vflc Trong giai
doan 1991 - 2007, Viet Nam vd Ldo da phdi
hdp cd hieu qua trong viec b a n che vd triet
tieu nhflng thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n
thd'ng ngay cdng gia tang nhfl chd'ng budn
lau, ma tuy, budn ngfldi, tdi pham xuyen
qudc gia, chd'ng mpi am mUu "diin bien boa
binh" cua cac the' lUc p h a n ddng Hai ben
thudng xuyen td chflc cac cudc gap gd trao
ddi kinh nghiem nhdm dd ra chu trUdng
dudng ldl va dinh hUdng hpp tac Chang
ban, thdng 2-2001 Bd trUdng qud'c phdng
vd thang 5-2001, Bp trUdng cdng an Viet
Nam tham Ldo Thdng 6-2001, Bd trUdng
qud'c phdng Ldo Duong Chay Chi, va thang
6-2002, Chu nhiem tdng cue chinh tri quan dpi Ldo tham Viet Nam Ddng thdi hai chinh phu, hai bp quoc phdng, an ninh da
ky ke't n h i l u Hiep dinh, Nghi dinh thU trong dd cd npi dung v l an ninh qud'c phdng Tfl 1991 den 2001, hang nam Lao gid sang Viet Nam bdi dUdng vd dao tao khoang 120-150 can bd cac ngdnh, cdc cd'p Hien dang cd cdc nghien cflu sinh, hpc vien cao hpc quan sii, chinh tri, hdu cdn Ldo dang hpc tap tai Viet Nam Hien nay, Viet Nam giup Ldo ddo tao cdn bp cdc nganh (khoang 600 ngUdi/ndm) chie'm khoang 60% tdng sd' vien trd khdng hodn lai cua Viet Nam cho Lao Trong hdp tac chd'ng budn ldu vd cdng tdc hai quan, tfl 1996 de'n 1997, cac ddn vi bien phdng hai ben dd phdt hien
42 vu bat gifl 62 ddi tUdng, thu 9,05 kg thud'c phien; 1,4 kg herdin, 135 k h I u sung qudn dung va 1437 vien dan cdc loai Tai Hdi nghi lan thfl V v l hdp tdc phdng chd'ng
ma tuy gifla Lao - Viet Nam - Campuchia ngdy 23-8-2005 d Vieng Chan, Bd trfldng
Xu Ban Xa Rit Thi Lat vd ThUdng tfldng Le The' Tiem da ky bien ban hpi nghi song phUdng lan thfl 6 v l kiem sodt ma tuy, chd't hfldng thdn vd tien chdt ma tuy gifla Uy ban Qud'c gia kiem soat va quan ly ma tuy Ldo va Uy ban Qud'c gia phdng chd'ng AIDS
vd phdng chd'ng te nan ma tuy, mai dam Viet Nam
Ben canh dd, Viet Nam vd Ldo cdn phdi hdp nhip nhdng trong viec giai quye't cac vd'n d l ldi ich hai nUdc trong quan he vdi khu viic va quoc td, nhd't la trong viec dUa
ra n h i l u ke hoach bien phap td chflc hdi nghi, hdi thao bdn v l Hanh lanh Ddng -Tdy, Tam giac phat trien, phoi hdp trong Tieu vung song Me Kong md ra giai doan mdi hfldng tdi xay diing cdng ddng ASEAN vao nam 2015 Sii phdi hdp cua nganh ddi ngoai hai nUdc da tao ra cd hpi ldn de mdi
Trang 556 Rghien curu Lich siSr sd 6.2010 nUdc cd the tham gia ngay cdng sau rdng
hdn vdo quan he qud'c td, tao r a ddng liic de
Viet Nam vdi Ldo cung nhau tham gia tich
cUc vd chu ddng hdn nfla tai cdc dien ddn
qud'c te vd khu vflc; gdp phdn ndng cao vi
the, vai trd vd uy tin cua mdi nfldc tren the
gidi, gdp phdn vdo sfl nghiep hod binh, hflu
nghi vd phdt trien dang la xu the chung
cua thdi dai ngay nay
2 Q u a n h e a n n i n h - c h i n h t r i V i e t
N a m vdi C a m p u c h i a
Trong qud trinh phdt trien, ddc biet
trong giai doan tfl 1991 de'n 2007, mdi quan
he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nfldc cang
dfldc md rdng vd t h a t chat Hai ben da thflc
hien n h i l u chuyen tham vieng lan nhau
Dac biet, chuyen tham cua Td'ng Bi thfl
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Le Kha Phieu
vao thang 6-1999 la mdc son md ra mdt giai
doan mdi trong quan he gifla hai nfldc vdi
phUdng chdm 16 chfl vdng "Hdp tdc Idng
gieng tdt dep, dodn ket hdu nghi truyen
thdng, Pn dinh ldu ddi" ldm dinh hudng cho
quan he hai nUde trong the ky XXI Viet
Nam dd tang cUdng quan he td't dep vdi cdc
dang phai, to chflc chinh tri, xa hpi cua
Campuchia nhdm the hien ro thien chi cua
Viet Nam, gop phdn diy liii cac the liic thu
dich chd'ng Viet Nam Trong nhflng nam
qua, cdc cupc gap g6, trao ddi cd'p cao dfldc
tang cudng; cdc dodn di tham, trao ddi lam
viec d cac bp, nganh, doan the qudn chung
va cac dia phUdng hai nUdc, nhd't Id cac
tinh cd chung bien gidi ngdy cang tang, gop
phan tang cUdng mdi quan he ngdy cdng
sdu sdc, chan thdnh vd gdn bd gifla Viet
Nam va Campuchia Dfla tren n I n tang
quan he hflu nghi td^t dep sdn cd, Chinh
phu hai nUdc dd vd dang nd liic tao mpi
dieu kien thuan ldi de cung nhau bao ve va
xay diing dd't nUdc, vi sii thinh vUdng
chung cua mdi nUdc va cua ca khu vUc
Ddng Nam A Phd Thu tudng kiem Bd trudng ngoai giao Pham Gia Khiem da
nhd'n manh: " Chung ta khdng dinh quyei tdm khdng ngUng tdng cUdng vd phdt trien manh me hdn nda quan hi hdu nghi truyen thdng vd hdp tdc todn diin Viet Nam -Campuchia, ddp dng nguyin vgng vd ldi ich cua nhdn ddn hai nUdc, gop phdn tich cUc vdo hod binh dn dinh, hdp tdc vd phdt trien dkhu vUc vd trin thi'gidi" (7)
V l vd'n d l bien gidi lanh thd: Id hai qud'c gia lang gilng cd lich s^ quan he tfl ldu ddi, Viet Nam vd Campuchia cd chung dfldng bien gidi tren dd't lien ddi 1.137 km Do dd, vd'n d l bien gidi ludn dfldc hai ben quan tdm vd tao mpi d i l u kien de giai quye't dn thoa Trong thdi gian qua, Viet Nam va Campuchia da tflng bfldc dat vdn d l cai thien mdi quan he v l bien gidi lanh thd Ngay 17-1-1995, hai ben da ky thdng cao bao chi Viet Nam - Campuchia, tai Dilu 8
cd ghi r5: "Hai ben thod thudn trong khi chd ddi gidi quyei nhdng van de cdn ton tg,i vi bien gidi thi duy tri sU qudn ly hien nay khong thay doi, xe dich cdc cpt mdc bien gidi, gido due khdng cte nhdn ddn xdm canh, xdm cU vd hdp tdc gid gin trdt tU an ninh biin gidi" (8) Tren da phdt trien mdi
quan he hai nUdc, ngay 10-10-2005 tai Ha Ndi, Thu tudng P h a n Van Khai vd Thu tudng Hun Xen thay mat chinh phu hai nudc da ky Hipp Udc bd sung Hiep Udc hoach dinh bien gidi qud'c gia ndm 1985 nhdm di tdi hodn thien vdn ban phdp quy
v l bien gidi Viec Hiep Udc bd sung di vdo thiic t i i n da tao dieu kien khdi dpng lai qua trinh phan gidi cdm mdc bi gian doan gdn
20 nam qua, gdp phdn tang cUdng quan he
an ninh - chinh tri Viet Nam vdi Campchia Nhflng nd liic cua hai ben da budc ddu dUa den nhflng ket qua td't dep, ngay 27-9-2006, cot md^c 171 ddu tien dupc cdm tai cua k h I u
Trang 69uan hg an ninh - chfnh tri 57
Mdc Bai - Ba Vet Phat bieu tai budi le
khanh thanh, Thu tUdng Nguyen Ta'n
Dung nha'n manh: "Viec khdnh thdnh cpt
moc cda khdu quo'c ti'Mpc Bdi - Bd Vet sau
chUa ddy mpt ndm ke td khi Viet Nam vd
Campuchia ky hiep Udc bd sung Hiep Udc
hoach dinh biin gidi ndm 1985 the hien nd
lUc cua hai ben trong viic cu thi hod Hiep
udc bo sung" (9) Binh luan sfl kien ndy, ddi
truyin hinh Apsara ciia Campuchia cung
da nhd'n manh: " Viec cdm mdc bien gidi la
mpt minh chdng hung hon cho thdnh qud
hdp tdc to ldn gida hai chinh phu Viet Nam
vd Campuchia trong viic gidi quyei vdn di
biin gidi chung vd dUdc dU ludn trong vd
ngodi nUdc ddnh gid cao" (10) Ddy la sfl
kien dac biet quan trpng md r a thdi ky hdp
tdc va phat trien nhanh chdng trong viec
giai quyet ro rdng bien gidi gifla hai nfldc,
tao dilu kien phap ly tren thflc t i i n cho
hdp tac, dn dinh, hod binh vd phdt trien
khu viic Hai ben quye't tdm hoan thdnh
viec cdm 100 cdt mdc trong nam 2007
Rieng v l bien gidi bien, hai ben da thd'ng
nha't tie'n hanh dam p h a n giai quye't nhflng
quan diem hai ben chfla tim dUdc tieng ndi
chung Dilu nay gay r a n h i l u khd khan,
thdch thflc vdi hai nfldc khi thiic hien quan
ly bien gidi tren bien, cung nhU trong cdng
tdc phdng chd'ng tdi pham budn ldu, budn
ban ma tuy, nan vUdt bien trai phdp, danh
bat thuy hai san
V l vd'n d l ngUdi Viet Nam tai
Campuchia: NgUdi Viet Nam sang dinh cU
tai Campuchia tfl rat lau ddi vd hp dd trd
thdnh nhflng cdng dan Campuchia thflc sfl,
ddng gdp vdo qua trinh xdy dflng vd phdt
trien ciia dd't nfldc Chua Thdp Tuy nhien,
tinh hinh chinh tri tai Campuchia lai cd
anh hudng rd't ldn den ddi sd'ng cua Viet
kilu cung nhu tac dpng khdng nhd den mdi
quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nUdc
Trong tinh hinh ddi mdi dd't nUdc nhflng nam gdn day, trong bdi canh mdi quan he hai nfldc dang dien ra mdt cdch td't dep Dac biet Id sau cac chuyen di tham ldn nhau cua lanh dao cao ca'p hai Nhd nfldc, hai Chinh phii Viet Nam va Campuchia, cudc sd'ng cua cdng ddng ngfldi Viet da cd nhflng thay ddi, ngdy cang td't dep hdn Ngdy 24-3-2003, Bd ndi vu Campuchia da cho phdp t h a n h Idp 19/24 chi hdi Viet k i l u trong ca nUdc, tao dieu kien phdp ly thudn ldi de Viet kieu hoat ddng hdp phap vd sinh sd'ng Tao khdng gian cdi md cho mdi quan
he hai nUdc khi tie'p tuc di sau giai quye't vdn d l ndy Vdi t r u y i n thd'ng dodn ke't va sii tin tudng ldn nhau, qua trinh di len trong mdi quan he hai nUde se gdp phdn to ldn giai quye't td't dep vd'n d l Viet k i l u tai dd't nUdc Campuchia, dUa quan he an ninh
- chinh tri hai nUdc tien them mdt bUdc dai Nhu ldi phdt bieu cua Phd Chu nhiem Uy ban ve ngUdi Viet Nam d nUdc ngoai Trdn
Quang Hoan da ndi: "Diiu quan trgng nhdt
la bdn thdn cpng dPng cua chung ta d Campuchia tdng cUdng tinh thdn tU lap vUdn lin, gdn bo hP trd ldn nhau, thiic sU hod nhap vdi cU ddn vd tPn trgng ludt phdp nUdc sd tgi vd ddc biit ludn hUdng vi que hUdng" (11)
Trong vd'n d l hdp tdc ddi phd vdi nhiing thach thflc an ninh phi truyen thdiig gifla hai nfldc cung dat dflpc n h i l u thdnh tflu dang ke Viet Nam vd Campuchia da cd nhflng hpp tac chat che nhdm ddi phd vdi nhflng thdch thflc an ninh phi truyen thd'ng ngay cdng ndi trdi Hai ben tiep tuc tdng cfldng hdp tdc trong cac linh vflc trao ddi thdng tin, kinh nghiem, dao tao phdi hpp bao ve bien gidi, ngan chan sU xdm nhdp vd phd hoai cua cdc the liic thu dich, chd'ng am mUu dien bien hod binh, phdng chong toi pham, chd'ng khung bd^ Ngdy
Trang 758 Rghien curu Lich sJr sd 6.2010
14-3-1997, Hipp diiih gifla Bd ndi vu VUdng
qud'c Campuchia va Bd ndi vu nUdc Cdng
hda Xa hdi Chu nghia Viet Nam v l hdp tac
phdng chd'ng tdi pham da dupc ky ket Day
la sU kien md ddu trong quan hd an ninh
gifla hai nfldc Sau n h i l u bien phdp tich
cflc cila ca hai ben trong giai quyet vdn d l
thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng, ngdy
10-10-2005, Chinh phu hai nfldc dd ky Hipp
dinh hdp tac song phfldng nhdm loai trfl tdi
pham budn ban phu nfl, tre em vd giup dd
nan nhan bi budn bdn Sau 3 nam thflc
hien Hiep dinh song phfldng Viet Nam
-Campuchia, hai ben da phat hien 95 vu vdi
hdn 300 ddi tfldng cd h a n h vi Ifla ban 331
phu nfl, tre em qua 10 tinh bien gidi phia
Nam Qua hdp tac dilu tra, cdc cd quan
chflc nang Viet Nam - Campuchia kham
pha 75 vu, bat 240 ddi tfldng, giai cflu 38
nan nhan, tie'p nhan, hd trd tai boa nhap
cdng ddng 215 phu nfl, tre em hi budn ban
trd v l Viet Nam (12) Mdt khdc, Viet Nam
va Campuchia luon cd cdc cudc tie'p xuc,
thdng bao tinh hinh tdi pham ma tuy cua
mdi nfldc, trao ddi kinh nghiem v l kiem
soat ma tuy, nhd't la cdng tdc cai nghien,
thd'ng nhd't tang cfldng hdn nfla viec phdi
hdp phdng, chd'ng ma tuy gifla hai nfldc
Ddng thdi, hai ben cdn tang cfldng kha
nang hdp tac dao tao, budn luyen cho cac
Iflc Ifldng phdng chdiig ma tuy ciia hai
nfldc Viet Nam cung vdi Campuchia phdi
hdp Lao da td chflc cdc hdi nghi v l hdp tac
phdng chd'ng ma tuy gifla ba nfldc Tai hdi
nghi ldn thfl V td chflc d Vieng Chdn
(2005), ba nfldc da r a thdng cao chung,
trong dd nhd'n manh cdn tang cfldng hdn
nfla boat ddng hdp tdc phdng chd'ng ma tuy
tfl cd'p trung Udng den cd'p tinh vd huyen cd
chung dudng bien gidi Hpi nghi khang
dinh lai cac cam ket chinh tri manh me va
r5 rang cua ba chinh phu v l viec giai quyet
vd'n de ma tuy cung nhU nhflng nd liic ldn
lao va sfl ddng gdp tich cflc da dat dfldc trong boat ddng kiem soat cha't kich thich Amphetamin (ATS) thdng qua cac cd che hdp tac song phfldng, tieu vung, khu vflc vd qudc td phdng chd'ng ma tuy (13) Viet Nam
vd Campuchia cdn cd nhflng phdi hdp quan trpng de tao d i l u kien cho nhau phdt trien, dac biet hai ben da thd'ng nhd't trong viec ddy manh tuyen t r u y i n vd ngan chan nhflng am mflu pha hoai sfl nghiep xdy dflng ddt nfldc cua mdi ben, ddp tan mpi hdnh ddng tinh todn ngdy cdng thdm hiem cua cdc the Iflc t h u dich trong vd ngoai nfldc
3 Tac dpng cua q u a n he an ninh •
c h i n h tri V i e t N a m vdi Lao va Campuchia dd'i vdi ba nifdc v a khu vflc
Nhflng thanh tUu v l an ninh - chinh tri cua rieng mdi nUdc, ciing nhU nhflng thdnh tUu cd dupc het sflc ldn lao cua sfl hdp tac
an ninh - chinh tri md ba nfldc da tao ra trong thdi gian qua da cung cd' them tinh doan ket t r u y i n thdng cua ba dan tdc; ddng thdi gdp phdn danh bai mpi am mflu pha hoai sU nghiep xay diing da't nUdc ciia cac the Iflc thu dich trong vd ngodi nfldc, nang cao uy tin va vi the ciia mdi qud'c gia tren trfldng qud'c te' Sii phdi hdp nhip nhdng quan he a n ninh - chinh tri tao dilu kien het sflc thudn ldi cho qua trinh giao Iflu hdp tac kinh te dfldc thdng sud't; an ninh bien gidi dflpc cd ban gifl vflng, cac cudc vieng tham ldn n h a u da lam cho nhan ddn
ba nfldc hieu nhau hdn Tren n I n tang dd, cdc vd'n dd do lich sfl de lai gifla ba nUdc cung ddn ddn dUdc thao gd; nha't Id vd'n d l
ve bien gidi, vd'n de Viet k i l u tai Campuchia va Khdme Nam Bp gifla Viet Nam va Campuchia dfldc hai ben tflng bfldc giai quydt vd dat dfldc nhflng thdnh tflu dang kd Ddng thdi, sfl hdp tac va ung hd ldn nhau ve mdt an ninh - chinh tri trong
Trang 8Quan M an ninh - chfnh hi 59
thdi gian ndy gop phdn to ldn vao cdng cudc
bao ve, xay diing vd ddi mdi cua mdi nUdc,
cung n h u cung cd' nen hda binh vd phat
trien cua khu viic Dong Nam A Hdp tdc an
ninh- chinh tri trong giai doan nay gifla
gifla Viet Nam vdi ldo vd Campuchia cd
nhflng ndt mdi do sU thay ddi ciia tinh hinh
khu viic va the gidi Hdp tdc an ninh
-chinh tri ba nUdc tap trung vao viec dn
dinh xd hdi, ddy liii nhflng nguy cd xam hai
den ndn an ninh qud'c gia, hdp tac an ninh
-chinh tri gdn liln vdi hdp tac kinh te, van
hda, xa hpi, an ninh - chinh tri gdn lien vdi
phdt trien dd't nfldc va con ngfldi Thanh
tUu hdp tdc an ninh - chinh tri gifla ba nfldc
ngdy cdng md rdng va di vdo chieu sdu;
nhflng chuyen tham vieng trao ddi ldn
nhau da that chat hdn nfla quan he nhdn
dan ba nUdc, tao khdng khi cdi md de ba
nUdc di de'n giai quye't triet de nhiing vd'n
d l cdn vUdng mdc trong quan he Mat khac,
cdn nhdm ddi phd hieu qua vdi nhflng
thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng ngay
cang gia tang tren dien rpng
Trong giai doan hien nay, Viet Nam vdi
Lao vd Campuchia d i u nhd'n manh den hai
nhiem vu xay dflng va bao ve td qud'c, vi the
phat trien kinh td cdng phai gdn vdi ndng
cao hieu qua cua hdp tac an ninh - chinh
tri, dd Id dieu k h i n g dinh dflt khodt trong
mdi quan he toan dien gifla ba nfldc Vdo
thang 101999, Thu tfldng Viet Nam Lao
-Campuchia da gdp nhau ldn ddu tien tai
Vieng Chan de cung dfla r a y tudng chung
la hinh thanh mdt ' T a m giac phat trien"
gifla ba nUdc "Tam gidc p h a t trien" chinh
la mdt budc p h a t trien mdi trong quan he
hdp tac toan dien gifla ba nfldc; "la mpt
chUdng trinh hdp tdc vi an ninh, qudc
phong CO y nghia rdt ldn vdi sU phdt trien
cua ba nUdc vi sU on dinh ve an ninh, quo'c
phong la ddi hoi cdp thiet nhd't doi vdi sii
nghiep phdt trien cua bdt cd quo'c gia ndo tren the gidi" (14) Ngdy 26-11-2006, cudc
hpp ldn hai gifla Thu tfldng ba nfldc tai Viet Nam da tdp trung vdo viec thda thudn phUdng hudng, bien phap cu the trong viec trien khai chUdng trinh "Tam giac phdt trien Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia" tren cd
sd ke't hdp nhflng t i l m ndng Id ldi the' s i n
cd cua mdi nfldc nhdm dUa 7 tinh thudc khu viic bien gidi ba nUdc, vd'n ngheo nan, chdm phat trien, dan tri th^p va cd tinh hinh an ninh vd cung phflc tap thanh mdt khu vflc phdt trien b i n vflng Trong Tuyen bd' chung dUa r a tai cudc hpp cao cdp Thu tudng ba nUdc (4-5/12/2006), da mdt ldn
nfla k h i n g dinh: "Viic xdy dUng thdnh cPng Tam gidc phdt trien khong chi la bdng chdng thiet thiic minh chdng cho no lUc cua
ba nUdc Campuchia, Ldo vd Viet Nam trong viic vun ddp, tdng cUdng quan he hdp tdc, hdu nghi vd dodn ke't truyin tho'ng gida ba nUdc, md cdn dong gop tich cUc cung cd hda binh, dn dinh, hpi nhdp vd phdt trien trong Tieu viing Me KPng vd khu vUc" (15) Cho den nay, Tam giac phdt trien
da thflc sfl di vdo cdc boat ddng thflc tiin Vdi viec hinh t h a n h tam gidc phdt trien, ba nfldc Viet Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia mpt mat tang cfldng hdp tac vdi nhau, mat khdc tang cfldng hdp tdc vdi cac nfldc trong khu vflc Bieu hien cua nd la viec phdt trien thanh tfl giac phat trien Viet Nam Ldo -Campuchia - Myanma (CLMV); hdp tac kinh te' ba ddng sdng Ayeyawady -Chaophraya - Me Kdng (ACMECS); hpp tac kinh te' tieu vung sdng Me Kdng (GMS) Tren cd sd dd, qud trinh hdp tac vd lien kdt khu viic khdng ngflng dfldc d i y manh Ngdy nay, hdp tdc an ninh - chinh tri gifla Viet Nam vdi Lao vd Campuchia dang gdp phdn cung vdi ASEAN tie'n tdi sii phat trien hai hda va ben vflng gifla kinh td, mdi
Trang 960 Rghien curu Lich sJr sd 6.2010 trfldng va xa hdi dfla tren tflng ddc trflng
mdi nfldc Sfl t h i n g ldi trong quan he an
ninh - chinh tri gifla ba dan tdc ndi chung,
cung nhfl sfl t h i n g ldi trong quan he an
ninh - chinh tri cua cac thanh vien ASEAN
ndi rieng vdi nhau da tao nen n I n tang sflc
manh a n ninh toan dien, tflng bfldc dfla
Ddng Nam A trd thdnh "mdi nhd chung"
vdi ddy du y nghia cua nd
Cd the ndi, hdn 15 ndm qua, quan he
Viet Nam vdi Lao va Campuchia tren linh
vflc an ninh - chinh tri dd dat dfldc n h i l u
thanh tflu quan trpng, gdp phdn vdo dn
dinh vd phat trien cua moi qud'c gia, dan
tdc, khu vflc, cung cd' vd tang cfldng hdn
nfla mdi quan he todn dien gifla ba nfldc
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhflng thanh tUu dat
dupc, quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla Viet
Nam vdi Ldo vd Campuchia phai ddi mdt vdi nhilu kho khan, thach thflc, nhd't Id
nhflng vdn d l do lich sii de lai gifla ba
nfldc, nhflng thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng ngdy cang gia tang manh me De tao dilu kien thuan ldi giai quyet nhiing va'n
d l neu tren, Viet Nam vdi Ldo va Campuchia cdn phoi hdp thflc hien cdc bien phap hflu hieu, trong do chu trpng vdo viec giao Iflu, trao ddi gifla nhdn dan ba nfldc, tdng cfldng hdp tac trong cac td chflc khu vflc va qud'c te Cac ben da thflc hien nghiem chinh nguyen t i c binh ding, hflu nghi trong quan he ba nfldc; tdn trpng dpc Idp, chu quyln va toan ven lanh thd, khdng can thiep vdo cdng viec ndi bp cua nhau, phdn dd'u vi sfl phdn vinh cua mdi nUdc, khu vUc vd the' gidi
CHU THICH
(1) Khamsene Phammaseng (2002), "Quan hp
Lao - Vipt Nam ve mat chfnh tri ngoai giao",
TTKHXHNV Qudc gia, Tp Vinh, tr 6
(2) Bao Nhdn ddn, ngky 15-5-2002
(3) BkoNhdn ddn, ngky 12-10-2006
(4) Phat bieu cila Thii tfldng Chfnh phil Lao
Bua Xdn Bup Pha Van (2007), Dac san cua Bdo the
gidi vd Viet Nam, tr 12
(5) Gidi thipu cac van ban phap ly lien quan
de'n bien gidi va lanh thd', Tap chf Bien gidi vd
Lanh thd, so'4/1999, tr 50
(6) Dang Qudc Tuin, "Hpp tac Vipt Nam - Lao
trong vipc giai quye't van de bien gidi, lanh thd'*', Vipn
Nghien cflu Ddng Nam A, Ha Npi, 2007, tr, 4-5
(7) Pham Gia Khiem (2007), "Trien vpng td't
dpp cua quan hp hflu nghi truyen thd'ng va hpp tac
toan dipn Vipt Nam - Campuchia", Dac san cila
Bdo The gidi vd Viet Nam
(8) Tap chf Bien gidi va Lanh thd', sd' 7/2003, tr 9
(9).http://viptnamnet.vn/chinhtri/2006/12/6
47504/ "Khanh thanh cpt moc quo'c te Mdc Bai
- Ba Vet"
(10) http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/nr "Cim moc bien gidi Vipt Nam - Campuchia la sfl
kien lich sil"
(11) "Ngfldi Vipt Nam trong long lang gieng" (2007), Ky nipm 40 nam thiet lap quan
hp ngopi giao Vipt Nam - Campuchia, D^c san
cila Bdo The gidi vd Viet Nam, tr 43
(12) http://www.tin 247.com/Vietnam
Campuchia-hop-tac-chong-buon-nguoi-621348865.html "Vipt Nam- Campuchia hpp tac chong budn ngudi"
(13).http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/nr04080710 4143/nr04087105001/ns05082414494/view
"Vipt Nam - Lao - Campuchia t h a t chat hpp tac chd'ng ma tuy"
(14) Nguyin Kim Lan, "Hpp tac quoc phdng
- mpt linh vflc cd y nghia quan trpng trong quan hp hpp tac toan dipn va dac bipt Vipt Nam - Lao", Hpc vien Quan hp quoc te Ha Npi,
2002, tr 23
(15) BkoNhdn ddn, ngky 6-12-2006