Bài viết giới thiệu cuốn sách Mười cuộc cải cách, đổi mới lớn trong lịch sử Việt Nam gồm các nội dung cải cách hành chính của họ Khúc; sự nghiệp đổi mới của Lý Công Uẩn, từ đổi mới triều đại đến đổi mới chế độ, đổi mới xã hội; Trần Thủ Độ đổi mới xã hội, củng cố vương triều chiến thắng ngoại xâm...
Trang 1!"# $ % !" &' &( ' ) *
I J
!" # K, - & /
# 89 : 7 ;< "= -4 ->" 2"?
@ 7" : 2"? @ 7" ->" AB" C "? D5
: AB" C "? D5 ->" 89 C "? D5
E"? ="? F<5 < "? A 2
-+ G1" H 4 5 E"? I"
J" F<5 "? "? K" "L - /0 M
- /0 P1" H 4 5 Q" @ ="?
"?:"? 7" ->" R2 @ B -2 "? E 7"
T - >" U P ," 5 V="? K" @
/5< < 7" W"? "?2 81 X
E YZ * [" Y> *13 \" ] M #
AK" #J K 5 " ;"? A - /0 /
^ T ="? < #6 T 4" "53 _
A5 `"? N 3>< [< - , ;*
Trang 2S H %, F( - %7 S H
ab"? P<3 -=?S @ 25 -O -<O"
/W Ac" ? B #9 d"? " B
"?
-" ;-"? 1
!"-_"? P ," 5
2"?
@ ="? ? 5"
@ < + )
E ? 5"
" ! #." N
- >" 4 ? ;5
4"
\"? -5
V _"? - " ;"? e J" C5 -
/0 89 # 5 89 7" ->"f #I"? E
\ A 4" d"? T " 5< 2"? "?
VN " ;"? < B #6 T
4< F<B 5"? - "?5"? [ <
@ " 3 - " 1" @ 5 - F<Bf
" 3 M - 4" ^"? @ 5 - AB"
! ]
V e F<5" 4 #N # ^ J 4"
U J / " # "? F<5 ' <
B * &0 & )> &B )9 &
" ;"? - 4< - /0 7 /d 2"? _
R2 \"? " O" d >"? C5
K" ? B #9 K" A 3 -[" - ^
< B T -2?S " /5<
T f
* R2 ? B $ 0 &0 C5 B
#! " T 5 P T /+ #= C5 A " 2"?
@ 7" 81 - ^ " E"? * <"? i<e
$ 'j& () G1" 5 @ 6 + #d"? ->" #!< 5" N k"? - -_ 7 # 2"? @ 7"
" E"? #5"? @ C"? 2B"? "? >
/ "? /<e " O" d m A " e"?
"?2 81 M "W S" F<3 " : <"?
\"? #7" F<O" <34" d @ ="? "W
# ^ #7" =" - "? n<e" ? " F<3 "
# -O K 5 B 813 P+"? S" F<3 " : P T ->" "W P1" / \ /X o _
A 4" "
d - " ;"? 89 F<5" # < " S" /+ : \ /X
@ p< @> m >" F<> F< "
-)\ V A
Trang 34< F<B C5 B - : q ? "
# ^ F<3 " + C 7" ->" A T #[< 813
P+"? " " # -O P1" " ;"?
"? E @7 :5 : G \"? G >" ? 4 & +
8 "? - * 7 # /d #7" ?= i<3 " #9
P+"? # ^ \"? F<3 "
" ="? #[< >" 2"? - /0 H 4
P[< #7" ?= i<3 " P1" 5 T N
# ^ \"? F<3 " " "? + 7 - /0
C5 o _ /+ "? 4 ? ; # ^ F<3 "
<O" -^ #J ? " # ^ \"? F<3 " C5
?= *! B # < "b 2"? e F<5"
4 " 1" F<B C5 - /0 HK O3 ">" 2
B A5 o _ & G \"? & ?= `"?
-"? E X #[< 2 " " # -O P1"
!"
@ C"? 2B"? [ "? : @ C"?
2B"? 89 #7" @ C"? 2B"? <"?
#K" * < #K" e -2 " 2" <5 Y>
" ? " "?= c ? 7 -Q"
" 5< ? E ? " # ^ "?= A < <e
`"? - Y> Y2"? D" K /0 c
? 1" O - /0 ? B F<37 @ C"?
2B"? - YZ V="? sp" # ^ - /0 ?
!3 #9 @ 7" YZ V="? sp" N A ; &
< # & # ^ F<[" [" /<3 =" ->"
"?= <5 #7" #6 T #7 #= : 25 Y
L" N5 89 F<1" /+ "?2 ? 52
7 #= * L"? Y2"? :5 - @ " #= C5
" :5 - <"? 1 @ " 7 L"
F<5" "? C5 /+ K" " E"? P1" e"? " ! H 4 5 @ ="?
B E #7" @ C "? D5 AB" P1"
5 #E ;"? " ="? 2"? P+"?
"? 4 C5 < YZ - "?<3>" " 1" PQ"
#7" W"? -^ @ "? 7" e"? *e"?
\ "6 7"? 5 F<e /\" l
2"? - /0 P1" I" \"
"L $' ' &' %) #9 AW #[< : /+
"? 4 #6 T ="? " / "? 2 C5
YZ V="? sp" $ % )
#$ %& 3 ( # 4 5' *6
\"? < YZ #9 /<3 2 #7" +
# J o C"? 2B"? P ," 5 " >"
2" "? E N S " 1" O #6 T d< " T 8<! /W - * [" * C v"?
- "? E \"? + + =" P1"
C"? e \"? < #6 T \ 7 F<B" -Z 89 #g 5 "?= * ^"? 2 "? #J
? _ <5 x 5 F<B" #! " T f @7 ^
2 ? 2f P+"? ">" @t \"? c " T
B E"? ^ A * [" * G<"? ^ ="?
Trang 4- /5 -<O ) # < @ ="? # ^ ="?
! " O" * [" * C #9 # 2 P ,"l
4 #6 T \"? < : YZ /5"? * ["
Ab"? < #B2 S" <"? #K" ? " " {
2 A 2 @ ="? #6 < " ="?
F<5" "? "6 AO " ! - * [" * C
T"? :"? A T ! " O" F<3 "
;< < "? #! $ C \"? A " /e
< "? ="? <3J" " # ") #p3
" /B" 8<! "? N5 2 ">"
E"? P1" e"? " ! L"? E"?
" "?2 \"?
" 1" P1" # ^ 3>" < E #N
F<1" P1" " * [" #9 #2 " @7 e"?
" ! A5 -[" 7" W"? F<1" 81 - ^
?<3>"&n="? * " [" F<37 1 ? ;
" T C5 * [" "? 2 A J< - X 1<
B -E " <5 = `"? #5" c 7<
A4 <e" "? 8 " 93 c #[< ["
# #9l k"? - /+ 4" P<3 + ="
+ 2 P1" C5 * [" * C & [<
= 5 \ 8<e"? #! 8 " " <5 #:"?
-2| N [" k"? - P2 4< F<B
# "? ? " O" C5 /+ "? 4 #6 T C5
* [" * C
= #() # % #
2B"? 89 <e E * [" o X "? D5
"="? P1" "6 ->" @ W "\ < #K"
/<3 37< #7" "q #9 ! "?= \"
#7" ' h' ( ) o = U # ^ "?= A <
K <5 = A " ^ @ 7" I i<Z Y3
@ <37" PU ->" "W S" F<3 " v"?
-"? E F<37 #2 " N " [" #6
* " " I & " Ab"? # P<3
" ! C5 " T 5 T !< _ #I / w"
I" X HD" Y * 5" 2 2 #7"
"? 3 "53 - 2"? " ;"? A J< 4" F<37 #2 " #N VB C5 I i<Z Y3
-b1 & 0 - -b1 :& " 7 7 ;< -T" C5 2"? @ 7" F<Z < "? #! /d -52 # "? - "= }f " "
? !3 " b J" @ " 7 "? N5f
< = <7 :5 Ab"? " :5 Ab"? 4"
5 - < "? #! :5 5 < # ^ C5 F<Z
- /<"? ="? C"? e \"? d /B" 8<! 1< #9 -q E Vw" "= } :5 5 @ ="? # ^ ? B N"? "
"="? P1" + P2 - /<"? 2 F<1"
P 53 ="? U ] * " ? !3 5 #E w"
- /T /2 T 3>< [< P2 @ " 7 "?
F<B k"? A " 7 ~ g n " `"?
" -_ #N T 81 - ^ H<5 = A AW
#7" Y> * " *="? P<3 B C5
<A CD 7 # E
o C"? 2B"? Y> /\ - @ C"? 2B"?
<"? #K" @ Y> 1" *="? A ? 7
* B 5 " 3 AW "?<I" : /+ - "? " C5 /e F<3 " [" #9 :"? ?13 ">" " 25" Y4 V >"l < P 5
? 5 #K" ?<3," * 9 Y> * " *="? ->" "?= - " 1" O
# ^ - /0 ? 52 2 /+ "? 4 ? B F<37
@ C"? 2B"? C"? e \"? <
Trang 55 A Y<O I"? d "6 7"? # ^
" -<O \"? *13 /5< " 3 # "
? 52 f 8N5 A• \ 7 " S" " <
["? " < ! T - !" C 1<
]f e"? " ! 5 #! " T " ' 8d
:5 <3>" $ \"? # \"? " M" /5<
" 3)f B 7 # F<5" - <3J" PU"?
F<5" " 5 F<5 B @ 25 0 7" 0f
J" L" 2 89 <3 PU"?
PU"? ; = J" \ L" 3><
" T ] $ '' &' %)
" ="? -[" d 5 /5< B "
S" " ="? C5 o _ 813 P+"?
< # Y> /\ " 2 AO " !
2"? - /0 89 2"? @ 7" H 4 5
7 5 F&; !" 3 0A # ( 6 # 6
2 G<3 *: - " 1" O &
v"? <3 / "? P5" @ 25 AB"?
" "? K 8<! 1" : -T "? E # ^
2"? @ 7" F<3 #." - r T"? 5 =
-2 l ">" @ ="? # ^ "? PU"? v"?
#9 ! \" "05 < #E #J A=" A5 K
# ^ _5 ?<3," y _ ?<3>" "?
PU"? 2"? "?53 T Y o > [<
v"? 5 /d #R S ="? " / "?
? _ _5 ?<3," 2 G<3 *: #9 ?N
[" 2 /+ "? 4 #6 T "05 #!
;< J" @ " 7 "? N5 #p3
" B " "?2 \"?f #6 T L"
K" 7 "? * 2"?f #6 T F<1" /+ &
# < @ 4" # 5 #7" aW 5 B <
7" #J w5 AK" @ 7" 7 #! " T
* p 6 T"? @ < \l C5 ="? #9
2"? a " 37< - ^ l * T"?
/D L" C5 * [" "? 2 k"? "
"? 4 <O *<I"? ="? :5 / "? :5 # 2 P ,"] # < - < Pw"?
K # E"? P+"? " T ?N [" 2 F< K" J" - /0 C5 B P1"
<A CD 5 = ( 7 # E ) #&; Q <
#G # (
VB # ^ 7" " " b ? B F<37 @ C"? 2B"? S" C5 Y>&
* " /5< " < "L P!" /1< 2 7" 5" 5 &aW " #N 8B3 5 - >"
>" "="? P1" @ X "? D5 @ W "\
* < #K" @ ="? #C S" #J
V \"? #g ->" "? #[< v"? - "? E F<37 #2 " P @ €"? #." F<3 " <3
2"? /1< / #d S" L M [" Q" F<Z "? " 1" E O3 #9
S" " F<1" ! - ="?
# "f J" ;<f @ <37" @ S P1" -3 " X @ p" 25"?f 5 # <
@ 5 <7 "? N5 " #I"? F<7
<e f " c = P<"? # 4<l #J 6" #." S" ] V< B
S" #9 # # ^ 4< F<B # "? @J
& ~ B F<37 # ^ @ N @ L" S" 6" #." # ^ K" K" C"? e
# ^ @t \"? O + 89 /5< \" '
"L " 7" 5 &aW - >" >"
& ~ B AT # ^ " " #N @ 6 C5 P1"
& * 7 #d"? C5 H 4 ;"? "?
\" 7< "L '('% <5 o 5"? 3 "
* 5" #9 B ," -4 <7 e"? "? 2
> ? K "L '(' /d [" " * 5" /5"? ="? " X H 4 #9 B 5 "?^
< /e"? C5 " 1" P1" H 4
Trang 6-K, ) ;+ - e & - & & %
*<3 O3 B S" C5 * "
@ ="? ? B F<37 # ^ @ C"? 2B"? \
AB" /1< /W C5 @} 2"? @ 7"
\"? d /B" 8<! 2"? @ 7"
-O< N " P \"? d /B" 8<!
1< T 3>< [< J" @ " 7
"? 2 2 5 E"? P1" I"
" @ C "? D5 AB" X " T
- "? ? "? #9 "B3 / " J"
K" 2 " F<B U J C5 B
d5 " ;"? 1< <Q" " "? " K" 2
- F<Z ? @ " "? 4 - /0 C5 B
- ! # "? 1" "? K,
S" < ?<3," /5< e ?W"? C5 ~ 5
Y2"? Q" 5 # ^ B 4" 5 e"?
! " T B P : V52 ab"? Y "? \"
#7" V n5< * >" y _ i<e " "?
#\" " S" w" I"? @ "
G T < #K" <"? \"? N #\"
" S" -T" ! * " l " aW
* " $?I '' !") ~ 5 " * "
$?I % !") ?2 5 w" N ! P25"
-i<B"? d P25" $ d * :5 * >") -i<B"?
* P25" i<B"? aK" P25" i<B"?
5 P25" V\ 7 " S" k"?
* " P2 5 >" *6"? * !" #d"? #[<
i<3 " " C5 *6"? * !" ! -T" P E"?
" y N \"? 5 F<B" T 'h #!
" T *K" "? #N E"? PQ" #7" -F<3 " 53 ?13 5 "?<3 \ 7
" !" P25" e"? " ! 5 B
" T " M" P T M"
-C <34" 1< G T C <34" 1<
-"? F<5" - A9 A• d *6"? !"
#g d *6"? e #d"? #[< M" -T"
*<[" y C #d"? #[< M" " • P T N
d ae V S" " ]
" " ?<3," #9 ">< m
& aT F<5" - # K /+ " A•
@ ="? #7" "q AO" "f
& V #.5 \"? ="? # T " 5<
K F<5" @ J /2 "? # ^ 4 #Jf
" 4 4 P, M" #e"f
& *6"? e *<[" y C ? ; # \"?
# #7" q " +<]l
* e"? " ! 1" ! #\"
" S" e"? " ! \ 7 F<B" -Z
n " n4" A5" " 2 "? < Y<O Y4l $ <3 [" -T" - /52 c A -<O n9" * 5" ) #J e"? " ! @t \"?
c " T E O3 #! " T # ^ 6"
#." /5< " < 7 @t 5 W " 7"
*<3 O3 " [" <"? C5 B
- " b C"? e *e"? 2 @ ="?
! " O" n " 2 E"? -e @ " 7 Q" - "? "="? d \"? P<3 K 7
# ="? # " ="? 6& " P C5
\"? d /B" 8<! 1< ?13 ">" /+ K 4 C5 #! " T 4< F<B B
#R - C 37< - L"? E"? # ^ S" e"? " ! F<e ? 5 C"? e # ^ \"?
< ?<3," J" # ^ L" 2
89 " "? @ ="? - 2 P1" ? <
Trang 7" T " @ ="? ? ; # ^ # -O @
N ? g "?2 81
13 - < B P<3 " ! @ ="?
7" A VB @ ="? ? B F<37 # ^
@ C"? 2B"? \ AB" /1< /W C5 89
@} 2"? @ 7" #9 AW #[< "B3
/ " : 7 @t rHuu HK O3 4< F<B C5
"N N [" " 7
? !1 @&; E &;S !$1T !, 3 !1 @&;
UV# W # ( =X ? ?
2 @ C"? 2B"? [ "? 2 " P 4" &
/+ @ C"? 2B"? P2 + P1" y 81
- ^ 2"? @ 7" 53 /5 ?13 ">"
" \"? *13 >< A J< - ?<3,"
* E"? * #9 ' A ; & / " b
@ C"? 2B"? v"? - "? E N !
="? " ? < -w"? + =" + 2 P1"
^ F<5 " ;"? @ N @ L" 7 89
C5 AB" 1" F<37 1 K" ;"?
AB" # < [" " ;"? # "? B l
->" <5 F<5" 6 A 7" 5 # _"?
SE ### ;"? # < [" " 3 #9 @ ="? # ^
<5 F<5" " ?<3," ! " O" M
@ ="? - 8253 <3J" # ^ K" 7
"? P<3 B C5 ?<3,"
* E"? * #9 8<! 4" " ! 37<
d rur #5"? [" Ad #J \" ->"
N B" X"? /1< "? #7" " < S
#7" " ;"? 2"? 2 P<3 1" B
#[< 7 @t rr #N Q" - P<3 ["
4" "53
2 @ C"? 2B"? 2 " P 4" [
8< T"? P1" C /B" : " T
- "? ? "? * <"? i<e O aB" P
V 1< T U >< - k 5"? 5" #!<
@7 ^ T [< "?2 4" #J ? B N"? P1"
* " T U >< J" P1" C /B" # T ? " F<3 " # -O a 4"
/B" 8<! "? N5 X 4< A<=" J" " "?2 \"?
P2 Y \"? HL" V5" # 8 T"? nX E"?
O" 6 A 7" 1" L" 1" 6 k
2 2 - < /B" P1" C y 2"? 2
" 7" A 89
<}" * _ o "? 5 A 2 * 7"? P1"l F<5 H 4" G1" A J< #w B P1"
C + 4" P1" F<3 "
VB Ae" 2"? 2 # < ?13 # ^ B" X"? "? -T" 2"? # _"? @ \ PO3
" [" 3>< " T Z S + -+ + E"? #!< 5" @ >" E"? A! @ <!
2 # -O + P2 *<3 A + P1" y
Trang 8# " 2"? 2 -W"? 8<e"? " "?
4< F<B 2 -T" - P!3 ->" 2 - <
/B" P1" C 2 " # 2 2"?
"? P T "? " E C5 C "? D5 n5 8&
YR" " X"? I V S n "
V="? K" #9 P " [" @ ="?
P " "? ! F<5" "? "N /+
d Hu C5 B"? V "? /B" H 4 5
13 - #M" 52 W"? -^ C5 \" '
"L P+"? " T C5 \" "05 7 @t
#!< 5" "? P2 B"? -9" # 2
O Z @ 7" 2 " B"? 2 " P1" @ 7"
G+ B2 A 2 2 S" A5" #[< #9
# ^ A6 /<"? /05 #6 " < #J N !
- ^"? 52 # ^ 2 " B"? 2 " P1"
25" "? >" " 4 - 4
T & / A ; L o €"? #." "c T
"? - K" €"? 2 /+ O "
< " -9" # 2 52 ! C5 B"? #9
+ "?<34" _ 5 @ • P5" / A[< 0
" E"? q 2 7 4 x " "? @ ="?
F<>" ? ; S" - >" U S" @7 :5
/ H Sg & #aW "?<I"
: /+ 4" PQ" P<3 / "? 2 C5
YR" " ] _"? 5 #5"? X 2 E
@} F< # 2"? E @} F< # l d N
" < "! 5"? C5 E @} F< #
T - 2"? " ;"? "! 5"? #N
a>" " " ;"? " P<"? >" #13 ? B <e" / #9 1" S - m " P<"? /e 3>< [< T N S" 7"
#N
! ="? " 1" 2"? #6 T f
h y <3 G1" C @t \"?l
#J N 6" #." J"lf
5 2"? #6 T f
h r13 P+"? 2" "? E L" 2 H 4
5 2"? ? 5 #2 " T f
" 6 d C5 B"? \ 7 F<B" -Z
V="? K" @7 _ Ab"? aB"? nU
T B" U F<c '' -<O" L" N - ^
7"? •" #L"? >" '' /e S
‚< -22@ $i<5" # J ) C5 * ="? !" 89
H 4 5 4" #5"? # ^ - < ; 4" Y >" ^ i<e X Rƒ „2 @ K" <"? ="? K" #9 - m
T 2"? - /0 <"? ! 2 # ? B
2 /+ "? 4 #6 T P2 B"? 5 -9"
# 2 4" "53
H " < \"? P 4" ="? K"
- - 4< F<S A6 S T ? T "? >" d< " F<B" -Z #="? #B2 A " #