Study accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies in Vietnam; evaluate accounting information systems by level of satisfaction of the users working for the construction joint stock companies in Vietnam.
Trang 1TRAN THI KIM PHU
IMPROVEMENT OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS OPERATED BY CONSTRUCTION JOINT STOCK
COMPANIES IN VIETNAM
Major: Accounting No.: 62.34.03.01
Abstract of PhD. thesis in Economics
Trang 51. Essential of thesis
Nowadays, construction join stock companies in Vietnam search their new works through tendering methods It is shown that the competitiveness in construction is very drastic under criteria, such as competitive price, financial ability, etc. Each of construction joint stock companies is required to positively apply applicable management tools in order to improve their competitiveness, in which accounting information system plays one of the significant factors. A good accounting information system is a key for planning a strategy for management and improving operation efficiency of the companies (Chang, 2001). Each of construction join stock companies should establish an accounting information system applicable to characteristics and demand of economic management.Research findings of accounting information system in line of business and type of business in Vietnam have shown that the accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies are improving in a better way Such systems not only operate in financial accounting, but also in management accounting; Application of Information Technology in accounting may help provide a timely accounting information. However, the drawbacks of accounting information systems operated by some of construction joint stock companies in Vietnam have been found which constrain the competitiveness and operation efficiency of the companies; on the other hand, not many of research papers of accounting information system has been performed as improvement of some accounting information system has been performed by the companies listed
on Vietnam securities market. Therefore, the implementation of a research paper
of actual state of accounting information systems operated by the construction joint stock companies in Vietnam is essential to find out drawbacks and suggest some of improvement solutions
Due to such reasons, the author of thesis has selected “Improvement of accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies in Vietnam”.
Trang 6Approach of accounting information system by cycle: Some of the
authors, such as Nguyen The Hung (2006), Nguyen Manh Toan with his coworkers (2011), Hall, J.A., & Bennett, P.E, 2011, etc. have published their research papers of accounting information system in textbooks. Or experimental research by Huynh Thi Hong Hanh (2014). Such research papers have pointed out the targets of each cycle, and emphasize the efficiency of accounting information system made by divisions and personnel in a business cycle; the efficiency of data collection and information exchange between the accounting and other divisions, helping to create a platform for ERP application in the companies However, such research papers have failed to emphasize the efficiency of data processing
Approach of accounting information system by progress of information system: The approach of accounting information system by progress of
Information System has many research papers by the authors such as Nguyen Manh Toan with his coworkers (2011), Hall, J.A., & Bennett, P.E. (2011), etc. Additionally, there are some authors, such as Hoang Van Ninh (2010), Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy (2017), whose experimental research papers have contributed to such approach. Those research papers have elucidated the data processing of an accounting information system, from input, data processing, to output to provide information to the users. However, a completed accounting information system is comprised of multiple factors, so that the approach of accounting information
system by progress of Information System will not provide a full detail.
Approach of Accounting Information System by factors that constitute such systems
This approach has been studied by the authors, such as Azhar Susanto (2008), Thai Phuc Huy with coworkers (2012), Le Thi Hong (2016), etc. Each of research papers has expressed its viewpoint about factors that constitute other types of accounting information system. Such approach is considered to be more comprehensive than the abovementioned ways of approach
2.2. Rating of accounting information system in respect to efficiency
Rating of accounting information system in respect to efficiency may be classified into the following two popular models:
Trang 7Model of rating of accounting information systems in respect to efficiency
by indirect method will not provide a direct rating of accounting information
systems in respect to efficiency, but use of means of other factors At the moment, the model of rating of accounting information systems in respect to efficiency by reviewing level of satisfaction of users is more popular. This model was researched by many researchers, such as DeLone and McLean (1992), Kim (1989), years ago in the world. In the next years, the famous research papers of rating of accounting information systems in respect to efficiency by reviewing level of satisfaction of users, which may be used by prospective researchers, was carried out by DeLone, W.H., & E.R. McLean. (2003)
2.3. Comments on overview of research work regarding name of thesis and finding research problem
In research into Accounting Information System, the thesis has evaluated
research methodology of each way of approach through research overview of accounting information systems The approach of rating of accounting information systems by factors, which constitute the accounting information systems, has shown full detail of accounting information systems and is applicable to model of rating of accounting information systems in respect to efficiency at the moment Therefore, the author of thesis has applied such approach to use as a research methodology in the thesis. However, in order to establish a theory basis for purpose of research into actual state of accounting information systems with solutions, the author of thesis has not only collected the consequent from approach of rating of accounting information systems by factors that constitute the accounting information systems, but also selected the consequent collected from the abovementioned three ways of approach
In research into rating of accounting information systems in respect to efficiency, in improvement of the approach of rating of Accounting Information
System in respect to efficiency by direct method, the rating has just been
performed based on benefits of accounting information systems. The approach of rating of accounting information systems by reviewing level of satisfaction of the users provides a comprehensive view and rating on quality of factors contributed
to accounting information systems in Information Technology application platform Many of published research papers have not performed rating of accounting information systems, which are operated by the construction joint stock companies, by level of satisfaction of the users, so that their solutions are
Trang 8 Evaluate the efficiency of accounting information systems operated by the construction joint stock companies in Vietnam by reviewing level of satisfaction of the users working for the companies.
Study and suggest the solutions that help improve accounting information systems operated by the construction joint stock companies, which apply Information Technology to establishing internal information system in direction of integrating financial accounting and management accounting
4. Research questions:
What detail does research into accounting information systems operated
by construction joint stock companies perform?
What is the actual state of accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies in Vietnam?
What are solutions can be suggest to help improve accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies in Vietnam?
5. Objects and scope of research
Objects: Study accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies in Vietnam; Evaluate accounting information systems by level of satisfaction of the users working for the construction joint stock companies in Vietnam
Real significance: The thesis has evaluated actual state of accounting
information systems within five viewpoints; in which it has reviewed level of satisfaction of the users within five factors; and suggested solutions that help
Trang 98. Outline of thesis: This thesis is structured into 4 chapters.
CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
INFORMATION SYSTEMS OPERATED BY CONSTRUCTION JOINT
STOCK COMPANIES 1.1. Theoretical basis
1.1.1. Accounting information system
At the moment, some of the different viewpoints over accounting information systems has been expressed by, such as Azhar Susanto (2008), in which it has expressed that an accounting information system is built from material and nonmaterial used to process transactions related to financial position of a company One viewpoint has expressed that an accounting information system is an organized system that its function is to collect, classify, process and analyze status information, and provide the users in or out of a company with such information in order to take a decision in respect to economy (Moscove, 1997). A viewpoint by Romney and Steinbart (2006) also expressed that an accounting information system functioned in collection, data recording and processing in order to provide the users, who desired to make a decision in respect to economy, with relevant information
Viewpoint by the author of thesis: “Accounting information system is a combination of different components which function in collection, storage, processing of data under the typical orders so as to provide the users in and out
of a company with information in respect to finance and nonfinance.
1.1.2. Theory of asymmetric information: The asymmetric information is
caused by difference in level and detail of information, and differential purposes from leadership of a company to an investor (Nguyen Cong Phuong with coworkers, 2012) An investor needs providing not only information of a financial statement, but also information of a management accounting. This theory should be applied in order to establish an efficient accounting information system and provide the users with useful information
1.1.3. Theory of dynamic capabilities: This theory has been applied by many
authors in their research papers in improvement of competitiveness of a company In application of such theory, the author of thesis has identified Information Technology systems, economic employees, quality of service, and administrators’ awareness of usefulness of an accounting information system and rating of an account information system in respect to efficiency by reviewing level of satisfaction of the users
1.2 Characteristics of accounting information systems operated by
Trang 101.2.1. Characteristics of a construction joint stock company which shape accounting information
There are three characteristics which shape an accounting information system, including manufacturing engineering, constructional products and expenditure management Such characteristics create effect to the following matters of an accounting information system: Prepare projected cost of production on each construction or work item; collect information regarding expenditure and calculate price of a basic constructional product
1.2.2. Role of accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies
The accounting information systems play a drastically significant role in contribution to business operation efficiency of a company as it may provide the administrators and those, who desire to make decisions in respect to economy, with useful and timely information. Such drastically significant role of providing information to the users, who is not only in construction joint stock companies (management accounting), but also out of the companies (financial accounting). The combination of an accounting information system and other information systems will establish a big database in respect to quantity, processing speed and types of information, which plays an important role in construction joint stock companies, units and personnel in and out of the companies
1.2.3 Demand in providing accounting information and factors that constitute an accounting information system in construction joint stock company
There are two types of users of an accounting information system, including those who is in or out of a construction joint stock company. Due to differential purposes of the users, the accounting information providing to the users may not be totally the same. However, a completed accounting information system that may act as an accounting information provider to all of the users consists of five factors: (1) Input data, (2) Data processing, (3) Output data, (4) Control of accounting information system, (5) Storage of accounting information and data
1.2.4. Requirements of an accounting information system in construction joint stock company
Output data: Meet the requirements in regard to accounting information quality and matters In which, a qualified information should maintain its accuracy, time, recapitulation, appropriateness and completion
Resources participating in an accounting information system: ensure installation, technical devices and personnel
Trang 111.3.1. Input data
Content of input data that needs collecting relies on types of information required by the users (Nguyen Bich Lien and coworkers, 2016). However, in summary, types of accounting data include older data and forecast regarding economic entities in a company
Methods and tools for input data collection: The companies may apply different methods, including word of mouth, remembering or using accounting records and other types of documents
Accounting division and other functional divisions may participate in collection of accounting data
There are two popular methods of collecting input data, including the use of accounting software dependent from other software used by different functional divisions, or the accounting software integrated into management software used by other divisions
1.3.2. Accounting data processing in construction joint stock data
The personnel participating in accounting data processing are specified by accounting division, tasks and assignments for each accountant
Methods and accounting data processing are supported by independent or integrated accounting software.
Popular tools: Encryption methods, accounting policies, accounting account, and promotion methods for managing accounting information system. The ultimate goal is to obtain information on financial accounting and management accounting. There is a difference in such types of information, so that a certain difference in application of tools may be discovered.
1.3.3. Provide accounting information
Accounting report can provide the users in or out of company with accounting information. Depend on different purposes of the users, the content, time and methods of accounting report may be different. Including:
Provide accounting information to external units via financial statements; prepare and form financial statements in accordance with regulations
of the Government
Provide the internal users with accounting information via management accounting; preparation and form of management accounting report should abide
by administration requirements of the company other than regulations of the Government
1.3.4. Control of accounting information system
The control of accounting information system plays an importance role in contributing to efficiency of accounting information system. However, this thesis will only mention control of applications in an accounting information system.
Trang 121.3.5. Storage of accounting information and data
Storage of accounting information and data includes: (1) Accounting information and data classification and sorting; (2) Place of storage; (3) Time of storage; (4) Security; (5) Personnel responsible for storage of accounting information and data.
1.4 Model of rating of accounting information systems in respect to efficiency by reviewing level of satisfaction of users
1.4.1. Viewpoint of rating Accounting Information System in respect to efficiency
The efficiency of an accounting information system is interpreted in way
of achieving certain goals The interpretation of such efficiency has been expressed under viewpoints, such as: It is considered as efficiency of accounting information system if such system can provide accounting information which can meet demand of the users (Kim, 1989; Nicolaou, 2000; H. Sajady and coworkers, 2008), or meet satisfaction of the users (Bailey and coworkers, 1983; William DeLone and coworkers; Huynh Thi Hong Hanh, 2013; Nguyen Tran Ngoc Dieu, 2017). Or the approach by reviewing level of satisfaction of the users in a way more popular and closer to the matters of accounting information system. Therefore, this thesis has selected research methodology in rating of accounting information systems in respect to efficiency by reviewing level of satisfaction of the users
1.4.2. Theory of research in to model of rating of accounting information
in respect to efficiency by reviewing level of satisfaction of the users
This thesis has collected research findings and performed analysis on study model by DeLone, W.H. & E.R. McLean (1992, 2003) and other study model by Nguyen Tran Ngoc Dieu (2017). In which, a study model by DeLone, W.H., & E.R. McLean (1992, 2003), which has been selected by many other authors for their experimental research papers, consists of five factors: (1) Quality of accounting information; (2) Quality of accounting information system; (3) Quality of service; (4) Satisfaction of system utilization; (5) Awareness of helpfulness in accounting information system. However, the fourth factor of author DeLone, W.H.& E.R McLean has not been used in this thesis. Moreover, this thesis has applied additional factor “Qualities of accountants” in research paper of author Nguyen Tran Ngoc Dieu (2017)
1.4.3. Viewpoint on approach and assumption
H1: Quality of accounting information has a reversible relationship with level of satisfaction of the users
H2: Quality of accounting information system has a reversible relationship with level of satisfaction of the users
Trang 13H3: Qualities of accountants has a reversible relationship with level of satisfaction of the users.
H4: Awareness of helpfulness in accounting information system has a reversible relationship with level of satisfaction of the users
H5: Quality of service has a reversible relationship with level of satisfaction of the users
Chart 1.14. Research model
In order to show the relationship between satisfaction of the users and the aforementioned factors, this thesis has suggested the estimated recursive equation under the following formula:
US = 1IQ + 2SQ + 3QA + 4QU + 5SVQβ β β β β
CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1Theoretical basis of accounting information system provide foundation in research into actual state and improvement of accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies in Vietnam. In this chapter, the thesis has performed profound research into essence and role of accounting information system; five matters that constitute accounting information system;
an overview of efficiency of accounting information system, and collection of study models in rating of accounting information system in respect to efficiency and thence suggestion of model of rating of accounting information system in respect to efficiency by this thesis
CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ON ACTUAL STATE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS OPERATED BY CONSTRUCTION JOINT STOCK COMPANIES
2.1. Research chart
In order of implementation of thesis, or answering the questions regarding actual state in essence, the author of thesis has formed study chart:
Trang 142.2.1. Qualitative research
Methods of data collection include semistructured interview, structured interview, and observation
Survey methodology and objects: Survey data collection is performed
by using questionnaires. Two steps of survey data collection include unofficial survey and official survey The survey objects for rating of accounting information systems operated by construction joint stock companies in Vietnam are heads of department, deputy heads of department and experienced accountants; The survey objects for giving assumption and rating scale of accounting information system in respect to efficiency are top men of companies, divisions, building divisions in construction joint stock companies in Vietnam
Survey forms: Select the typical construction joint stock companies for performing unofficial survey, and perform profound study into actual state of accounting information systems, and establish assumption and rating scale, and implement profound interview with seven heads, deputy heads and experienced accountants in Accounting department, and leadership of seem companies
Trang 15of accounting information. In case a survey is performed for purpose of analysis and evaluation of accounting information systems, 90 people as heads, deputy heads and accountants in Accounting departments of 90 construction joint stock companies may be interviewed
Methods of survey data collection: Survey data collection may be performed by using questionnaires, profound interviews, accounting reports and records. Survey data may be processed by Excel.
2.2.2. Quantitative research
Methods of survey data collection, survey objects and forms: In order to maintain reliability, the survey has been performed by interviewing the users of accounting information system, including leadership, divisions and building divisions of 90 construction joint stock companies in Vietnam with 220 questionnaires.