On the basis of clarifying the theory and practice of state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province, the thesis proposes orientations and solutions to improve state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province.
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Phouthone LUANG VI LAY
STATE MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM IN LUANG PRA BANG PROVINCE OF LAO PRD
Trang 2The thesisis completed at: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
Science instructor:1.Dr LUONG MINH VIET
2 Associate Professor Dr PHAM DUC CHINH
Reviewer1: ………
………
Reviewer2: ………
………
Reviewer3: ………
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The dissertation will be protected before the academy-level thesis dissertation council Address: Room……Building… , National Academy of Public Administration No 77-Nguyen Chi Thanh street, Dong Da district, Ha Noi Time: ……hrs… Date … Month … Year …
The thesis can be found at the Library: National Library of Vietnam
or the National Academy of Public Administration library
Trang 3LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS
Article 1: Solution to develop tourism of Luang Pra Bang province, Lao PDR
+ Author: Phouthone LUANGVILAY
+ Magazine: State management
+ No 258 (7/2017); Page: 110 (110-112)
Article 2: Some solutions to strengthen state management of tourism in Luang
Pra Bang province, Lao PDR
+ Author: Phouthone LUANGVILAY
+ Magazine: Natural Resources and Environment
+ No 20 (274), (10/2017); Page: 36 (36-37)
Trang 4INTRODUCTION
1 The urgency of the thesis topic
Luang Pra Bang is a province with advantages of natural and human resources, beautiful landscapes, clean climate and Muong Luang Pra Bang district, the former capital, which is recognized as the "World Heritage District" by the Education, Science and Literature Organization
development, especially the types of ecotourism, mountainous resorts and sightseeing attractions, cultural history From the Sixth Provincial Party Congress (2010) to now, Luang Pra Bang’s authority has always identified the tourism industry as an important economic industry of the province and
in the past years, the tourism industry of Luang Pra Bang has been achieved the good growth rate , contributing to increase the proportion of the service sector in the economic structure of the province and the trend of economic restructuring in the province
However, in fact, the development of tourism industry of Luang Pra Bang is still not commensurate with the inherent potential of comparative advantages of the locality Because the authority has not enough conditions
to exploit and the state management for the tourism industry also has inadequacies for creating a favorable economic, legal and social environment to develop tourism State management on planning and implementation of sector planning, development perspective, thinking, mechanisms, policies for sector development and investment and investment attraction of the province are limited and weak The tourism industry has not really taken advantage The number of tourists coming to Luang Pra Bang is not much The average number of days of staying and the capacity of rooms are still low The consumption level of guests coming to Luang Pra Bang is still at the level of very modest The tourism industry's contribution to the local budget is not much compared to the development demand The structure of the tourism industry in the provincial economic structure is still low If this situation persists, the tourism industry will hardly become an important economic sector of the province Therefore, scientific and systematic study is to find state management solutions to promote the development of Luang Pra Bang's tourism industry, to make this industry really important in near future
Based on the above issues, I chose the topic: "State management of
Trang 5Public Management Doctoral Dissertation This is an urgent topic and meaningful both in theory and practice
2 Research purposes and tasks of the thesis
2.1 Research purposes
On the basis of clarifying the theory and practice of state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province, the thesis proposes orientations and solutions to improve state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province
2.2 Tasks of the thesis
In order to achieve the above objectives, the thesis performs the following tasks:
+ Overview of domestic and foreign research related to state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province
+ Systematizing, selecting and supplementing the theoretical basis on state management of tourism in the provincial level
+ Studying the experience of state management on tourism of some cities in foreign countries to draw lessons for state management on tourism
at the provincial level
+ Analyzing and assessing the actual state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province in recent years, in-depth study of the contents of state management on tourism, showing the advantages, limitations and causes of restrictions on state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province over the past time
+ Proposing directions and solutions to improve state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province
3 Subjects and scope of research
+ Regarding the time: Researching on state management of tourism since 2011 (the first year of implementing the tourism strategy for the period 2011-2020) up to now and vision to 2030
Trang 64 Methodology and research methods
4.1 Methodology
- Methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism
is a common method for the research methods of the thesis, used through the research process, building the thesis topic
4.2 Research methods
- Method of systematization: Used to systematize the theoretical basis
of state management of tourism in Chapter 2, on the basis of inheriting the results of theoretical research of the research works that have been published
- Methods of analysis and synthesis are used to study the theoretical basis in Chapter 2, to assess generally the research results in Chapter 3, directions and solutions to complete state management of tourism in the Chapter 4 and thesis used to draw conclusions of the chapters
- The comparative method is used to solve the overview of the research situation and mainly analyze the situation in state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province in Chapter 3 of the thesis
The above methods are used flexibly and intertwined, combined to promote the overall efficiency towards completing the research objectives
5 Scientific hypothesis and research questions
5.1 Scientific hypothesis
Luang Prabang (in Lao PDR) is a province with strong tourism development, but the tourism activities have not been promoted to attract tourists and tourism projects In order to promote the potential strength, increase the provincial budget, increase the income level for the people, the authority needs measures to develop tourism However, the development
of tourism will entail social consequences such as social evils, insecurity, especially serious encroachment on landscapes and monuments How to solve these problems that requires the state management of tourism in Luang Prabang to be concerned and strengthened in order to have effective management measures
5.2 Research questions
- How does tourism play a role in socio-economic development?
- Why must authority manage tourism?
- What does the state management of tourism include?
- Which factors does affect the state management of tourism?
- What is the current status of state management of tourism in Luang
Trang 7- In order to manage tourism in Luang Prabang province, what measures should Lao PDR implement?
6 New points of the thesis
6.1 Regarding theory
- Systematizing state management on tourism, building a framework
of state management theory of tourism such as tourism concepts, concepts and contents of state management on tourism, factors affecting state management on tourism
- Investigating the state management of tourism of localities of some countries, drawing experience of state management on tourism for applying in Luang Pra Bang province
6.2 Regarding practice
- Based on the theoretical framework of state management of tourism, the thesis analyzes and evaluates comprehensively and systematically the status of state management of Luang Pra Bang province over the past time (from 2011 to present)
- Determining the direction and solutions to improve the state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province
7 Scientific and practical significance of the thesis
- The research results of the thesis will provide more scientific basis for state management on tourism
- The results of the thesis will provide Luang Pra Bang Provincial People's Committee with some solutions for applying in state management
of tourism in the province
- The research results of the thesis will be the document for teaching and reference for the study of state management on tourism
8 Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusions, recommendations and lists of references, appendices, the thesis consists of 4 chapters
Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO
THE THEMES 1.1 Research works on tourism activities
1.1.1 Domestic research works : The article by Bun Huong Doi Pha
Chan, "Luang Pra Bang: Tourism with preserving the culture and promoting the people's craft tradition"; Article by Mun Keo O La Bun
"Traveling with Culture"; Sy Am Phay So La Thi "The role of tourism in socio-economic development in Laos"; Research topic of Lao National
Trang 8Economic Research Institute: "Economic, social - cultural impacts and poverty reduction in the tourism industry in Lao PDR"; Article by Sam Lan Bun Nha Xan: "Lao tourism"
1.1.2 Foreign research works : "Tourism resources" by Bui Thi Hai
Yen (editor), Pham Hong Long; Hoang Van Thanh, "Tourism Marketing Curriculum"; "Research on building competitive Vietnam tourism products
in the region and internation" Ministry-level scientific topic of Do Cam Tho (Chairman); Nguyen Van Luu "Vietnam Tourism Integrating in ASEAN"
1.2 Studies on state management for tourism
1.2.1 Domestic research works : Sa Năn Si Pha Phôm Ma Chăn
(2009): "Tourism management towards integration with neighboring countries in Cham Pa Sac province"; Master's thesis in economics of Mon Xay Lao Mua Xông "Sustainable tourism management in Northern provinces of Laos"
1.2.2 Foreign research works: Trinh Dang Thanh (2004): "State
management by law for tourism activities in Vietnam"; Nguyen Minh Duc:
“State management of trade and tourism activities in Son La province in the process of industrialization and modernization"; Nguyen Tan Vinh (2008): “Completing state management on tourism in Lam Dong province”; Ho Duc Phoc (2009): "Completing state management for tourism urban infrastructure in Vietnam"; Scientific topic of Sokxay Soutthaveth "Sustainable tourism management for integrating ASEAN economic community"; Saknalin Keosi's doctoral thesis "Using legal measures for managing tourists in buying and selling travel services in Thailand in the form of a one-time fee payment"; Article by Xu Xeng:
"State management of China's tourism business activities"
1.3 Evaluating research projects related to the topic and issues that need further study
1.3.1 These achievements
The studies on tourism are relatively abundant, referring to tourism activities in general These projects focus on the role of tourism in local and national socio-economic development Tourism studies have provided information on the situation, strengths and limitations of tourism in Luang Prabang province Those are precious documents for the thesis to have an overall picture of local tourism activities, on that basis; it will propose appropriate state management measures
Trang 9The above published scientific works at home and abroad have mentioned the theoretical basis of state management on tourism; travel concept; tourism management concept; state management tools on tourism such as tourism policy, planning and law; contents of state management on tourism; management measures on tourism activities as well as management for tourists
Research results of scientific works have been published as documents for the construction of a theoretical framework on state management for tourism, reviewing and assessing the actual state management of tourism in Luang Prabang province, the Lao People's Democratic Republic
1.3.2 Issues need to continue research
Through research projects related to the topic, the state management
on tourism is not a new and strange issue; it has been studied by many authors with the different content and aspects
In Lao PDR, there are very few studies on state management for tourism Among the few research works, there are mainly graduate theses Therefore, the scientific fleet of these works is not much However, the contents of these works are suggestions for the author to study the state management of tourism in Luang Prabang province
In Vietnam, Thailand and China, there are some research projects on state management of tourism, which are doctoral dissertation, scientific topics, and articles in specialized journals However, the works are studied from an economic or legal perspective, not to enforce the functions and tasks of state management agencies in the field of tourism
Thus, it can be affirmed that many works have been researched related to the topic, but the study of state management on tourism from a public management perspective is still a gap to continue research Therefore, the thesis is completely new, highly urgent from many perspectives
1.3.3 New perspective of inheritance and development of the topic
On the basis of research and reference the previous works, the author has learned a lot of state management experiences about tourism of some localities in foreign countries, especially Vietnam The thesis concentrates
on clarifying and supplementing the theoretical basis of state management
on tourism in the provincial level, assessing the real situation to find out the causes of both strengths, weaknesses, building up the content of assessment for state management of tourism
Trang 10Chapter 2 SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON
TOURISM 2.1 Overview of travelling
2.1.1 Concept of travelling
Researching different definitions of tourism, to get a more comprehensive approach to tourism as a local and national economic sector, the tourism concept in the thesis is understood as: "Tourism is an economic sector that includes activities of guiding tourism, production and exchange of goods and services of businesses and people, in order to respond to needs of travelling, storage, accommodation, dining, sightseeing, entertainment, adventure and the others of tourists These activities must bring economic, political and social benefits to the locality,
to the businesses themselves and the people”
2.1.2 Characteristics of travelling
- Sensitivity: Because tourism products are highly integrated, comparing to other industries, tourism shows this characteristic more clearly A travel program offered by suppliers must ensure the accuracy of time and science
- Seasonality: Due to the influence of geographic, natural and erratic factors, tourism business has a clear seasonality
- Synthesis: Deriving from the need of high synthesis of tourists that tourism activities have specific characteristics
- Multidisciplinary: In addition to the above requirements for a tour, visitors require indispensable services such as services of banks, customs, border gates, post and telecommunications
- Interregionality: Due to the demand of discovery and enjoyment of tourists, it always requires service providers or tourism activities to offer attractive tourism packages, avoiding monotonous boredom
- Cost: The purpose of traveling by tourists is basically to enjoy tourism products, not to make money
2.1.3 The role of tourism in socio-economic development
- Role for politics: Tourism helps strengthen relationships and
mutual understanding among peoples around the world, helping to strengthen international peace and solidarity In the country, tourism helps strengthen exchanges between regions and ethnic groups to create understanding, sympathy and solidarity of the community
Trang 11- Role for the economy: Tourism development will increase the
budget revenue for localities from the budget remittances of tourism establishments and the payable tax of tourism businesses in the area
- Role for society: Tourism attracts a large labor force, contribute to
create jobs and restrict unemployment, and enhance exchanges, cooperation and mutual understanding between the communities, ethnic groups and nations
2.2 Theory of state management of tourism
2.2.1 The concept of state management on tourism
State management on tourism is an organized and adjusted impact by state power (through the legal system) for tourism processes and activities
to maintain and develop increasingly the domestic and international tourism activities to achieve socio-economic effects set by the state
2.2.2 The necessity of state management on tourism
- On the one hand, due to the limitations of the market mechanism,
on the other hand, because the state plays a leading role in the economy, it
is reflected in the orientation of socio-economic development in general and tourism industry in particular in each period
- Solving conflicts in the market economy, maintaining stability as well as promoting economic growth and development
- Creating unity in organizing and coordinating activities of state management agencies on tourism At the same time, it helps to exploit the strengths of each region and each locality to achieve results Moreover, promoting the national comparative advantage in international tourism development
- Tourism is a service economy, it involves many different industries,
so it requires the management of the State to regulate the relationship between tourism and other sectors and related fields
2.2.3 The role of state management on tourism
Firstly, the State guides the development of tourism by strategies,
plans, and policy mechanisms on the basis of respect of market principles
and specific characteristics of tourism activities and tourism
Secondly, the State creates a favorable legal environment and
mechanisms and policies to promote social resources for socio-economic development, including tourism
Trang 12Thirdly, the State supports the development and construction of
infrastructure systems (electricity, roads, post and telecommunications .)
to serve socio-economic activities in general and tourism in particular
Fourthly, the State regulates the relationship between the interests of
the parties and the sectors related to tourism activities
2.2.4 Contents of state management on tourism
- Developing and organizing the implementation of strategies, and plans for tourism development
- Promulgating and organizing the implementation of legal documents and policies on tourism development
- Granting and revoking licenses, certificates of tourism activities
- Promoting tourism
- Organizing state management apparatus on tourism
- Training and fostering tourism human resources
- Checking, inspecting and handling violations of travel laws
2.2.5 Factors affecting state management on tourism
- The policy of tourism development
- System of legal documents
- Apparatus and staff working in management
* Objective factors
- Political security, social order and safety
- Infrastructure and material and technique
- Characteristics of each region and each locality
- Tourists
2.3 Experience of state management of tourism in some foreign countries and lessons for Luang Prabang, Lao People's Democratic Republic
2.3.1 Experience of state management of tourism in some foreign countries
- Experience of Ha Noi city (Viet Nam)
- Experience of Bang kok (Thailand)
- Experience of Zhuhai (China)
2.3.2 Lessons for state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province, Lao People's Democratic Republic
Firstly, It must build the overall plan for a reasonable long time; with strategies, plans and policies to exploit the potential to promote tourism
Trang 13Secondly, diversifying tourism products, and creating specific local tourism products to attract tourists
Thirdly, doing well the propaganda and promotion of tourism
Fourthly, regularly inspecting and supervising tourism activities, protecting tourism resources, natural and social environment of tourism Fifthly, regularly consolidating and improving management and administration capacity of state management agencies on tourism
Chapter 3 CURRENT SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF
TOURISM IN LUANG PRA BANG PROVINCE (LAO PDR) 3.1 Socio-economic conditions and tourism resources affect state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province
3.1.1 Socio-economic conditions
The thesis gives some general information about Luang Pra Bang province: Geographic location, area, administrative unit, population characteristics
3.1.2 Tourism resources
The thesis presents about the current status of tourism resources of Luang Pra Bang province, information on some typical natural tourism and humanistic tourism resources of Luang Pra Bang province
3.1.3 Socio-economic conditions and tourism resources affect state management of tourism
The natural conditions of Luang Pra Bang are favorable for tourism activities but the socio-economic conditions are limited to promote the province's strengths, so tourism has not developed, the state management
on tourism has been also simple
The promulgation and implementation of legal documents of the state management agency on tourism in Luang Pra Bang has been still limited This greatly affects the state management on tourism
Luang Pra Bang province in particular, Lao PDR in general has stable politics This is a great condition to conduct activities in society
3.2 The status of state management of tourism in Luang Pra Bang province, Lao People's Democratic Republic
3.2.1 Formulating and organizing the implementation of tourism development strategies and plans
- Tourism development perspective: Creating a strong and sustainable
development step; constructing of high quality zones; preserving and promoting the values of cultural identity of the nation and history; protecting
Trang 14the environment, preserving natural resources; exploiting the power of economic sectors, taking advantage of internal and external resources; being suitable for interdisciplinary, regional; tourism is an important industry in the direction of industrialization and modernization
- About the goal, identifying key indicators (adjusted in 2015) to 2020 as
follows: GDP of tourism accounts for 30% of the provincial GDP (350 million USD/1007 million USD); welcomed 1.6 million visitors, including 1.1 million international visitors; accommodation facilities reach 80 hotels and 345 guesthouses, including 3-5 star standard hotels and motels
- About developing tourism products:
Highly focusing to develope 5 typical types of tourism products: (1) visiting historical and cultural sites; (2) Ecotourism, relaxation; (3) sightseeing and ecosystems; (4) Sports and entertainment ; (5) conference-workshop (MICE)
- About tourism business system: travel business; accommodation,
restaurants; transporting tourists; entertainment, sports, relaxation and other services
Evaluating the results of implementing tourism development planning:
- Attracting tourists:
During 7 years (2012-2018) the number of tourists to Luang Pra Bang increased an average of 11.10% annually, to 2018 up to 655,412 In which domestic tourists increased by 11.45% on average, international visitors increased by 13.63% on average In 2018 the number of international visitors reached 472,942 , domestic visitors reached 182,470
Table 3.1 The number of tourists to Luang Pra Bang in the period 2011-2018 Unit: arrival
Numbe
r
% increasing compared to the previous year
Numbe
r
% increasing compared
to the previous year
Numbe
r
% increasing compared
to the previous year