The research objective of the thesis is to systematize the theoretical basis and propose practical and scientific solutions to improve the local budget expenditure management for public education in order to improve the efficiency of resource use. financial resources for education, contributing to the development of education in Thanh Hoa province.
Trang 11. Urgency of the thesis topic
Local budget expenditure on public education received considerable attention
in Thanh Hoa province during the 20112017 period, accounting for 20% of total balance of local budget expenditures. There are also changes in management of local budget expenditure on public education: the management decentralization is relatively transparent; the province issued guidelines documents and schedule for creating local budget estimate in a timely and fairy clear manner; norms of regular local budget expenditures display differences according to regions, thus ensuring fairness in education; the structure of local budget expenditure for grades show changes to match with the local development targets…
However, there are shortcomings to be overcome in management of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa: allocation of resources for development investment expenditures does not match with the decentralized spending tasks; estimates of annual local budget expenditure for public education are not associated with mediumterm and longterm development planning of the industry, causing difficulties for arranging priority order in implementing targets and tasks; allocation norms of local budget expenditure for public education is still based on input factors, resources of local budget for public education are still limited and do not satisfy the funding requirements for local education; in estimating local budget expenditure for public education, there is no link between funding allocation with output or results; final statements of local budget expenditure on public education are mainly final finanal statements to check adherance to mechanism, norms, targets and complience to estimates given at the beginning of the year …
Studies about financial management for education and training so far have analyzed, evaluated, and proposed silutions to improve resource mobilization for education development, reform of budget allocation mechanism in education, financial management of the agency in charge (Department of Education and Training) for high schools However, there is no independent study about management of local budget expenditure on public education, especially in the conditions of implementing new regulations on management of state budget since the State budget Law 2015 came into effect
Based on these issues, the study to find out solutions to improve management
of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa is necessary, both in
Trang 2ii) Studying, analyzing, and evaluating the reality of management of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa;
iii) Proposing solutions to improve management of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa until 2025 with vision to 2030
4. Research scope
In term of content: the thesis focuses on studying contents of management of local budget expenditure on public education: management decentralization, estimate planning, estimate compliance, final statement of local budget expenditure for public education (development and regular local budget expenditure) from the perspective
of financial management
The term “education” in the thesis is understood in a narrow meaning, including general education and preschool education (not including higher and vocational education).
In terms of space and time, the thesis studies the reality of education and management of local budget expenditure on public education during the 20112015
of budget stabilization, extending to 2016 and 2017 Solutions to improve management of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa are proposed for implementation until 2025 with vision to 2030.
5. Study methodology
The following methods are used to study contents of management of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa:
Trang 3These are methods of collecting information based on studying existing documents about management of local budget expenditure on public education to establish the theoretical framework for the thesis and verify data about management of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa
Based on overview of previous studies about management of local budget expenditure on public education, the author analyzed and synthesizes theories to identify the theoretical framework related to management of local budget expenditure
on public education and research gap.
Data for analysis come from related local and international magazines, scientific reports, publications, and electronic Through this method, the author collects and processes the following information:
+ Theoretical basis related to management of local budget expenditure on public education;
+ Published results of studies about management of local budget expenditure
on public education
+ Data about management of local budget expenditure on public education in Vietnam and in Thanh Hoa
+ Policies related to management of local budget expenditure on public educationSpecialist method
This survey method gathers specialists’ evaluation on management of local budget expenditure on public education via indepth interview with financial management officers at levels and units using budget
There are two groups of interview objects:
(i)Financial educational management officers
Indepth interviews with management officers at financial management office
at different levels: the author interviewed with 10 officers at district level (out of 24 district, town, and cities).
Indepth interview with financial management officers at educational and training officers at levels: the author interviewed with 10 officers at districts, towns, and cities
(ii) Financial management officers at budgetusing units
The author carried out indepth interviews with 22 budgetusing units in the education industry For units at provincial levels (high schools), the author
Trang 4Interview duration: from Jul/2016 to Oct/2016
6. Overview of domestic, international studies related to thesis topic
The thesis studies doctoral theses, local and international studies and articles related to the thesis topic, such as studies on state and local budget expenditure on public education, on local budget expenditure on public education (allocation mechanism, management decentralization)
These researches provide relatively adequate studies on financial mechanism
of education from the angles state budget expenditure on education, education management decentralization and finance. However, there is no comprehensive report or study on management of local budget expenditure on public education from financial agency; no study looks at conditions to implement management of state budget expenditure on education cho education in association with local task results or establishes criteria to evaluate the efficiency of local budget expenditure
Trang 5Chapter 1GENERAL THEORY OF EDUCATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON PUBLIC EDUCATION1.1. GENERAL THEORY OF EDUCATION
1.1.1. Concept of education
Education (in the broad sense) includes processes to develop characteristics, personality, ideal for learners through organizing activities and exchange (education process in the narrow sense) and processes to develop competency and knowledge for learners through interaction between teachers and learners (the teaching process)
Or it is the interaction process between teachers and learners at education facilities to help learners acquire scientific knowledge, cognitive and practical operational skills and develop creative capacities, based on which the worldview and personality of learners can be formed according to education purposes
Trang 6In Vietnam, the national education system includes formal and continuing education with the following grades and educational levels:
Thirdly, education contributes to solving social security issues and forming a spiritual culture of society
1.2 LOCAL BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON PUBLIC EDUCATION
1.2.1 The concept of local budget on public education
Local budget expenditures on public education are expenditures to ensure activities of education, including: maintaining regular activities of the industry (for teaching and learning activities at public education facilities); ensuring material infrastructure for education; implementing education programs, projects and plans according to state management decentralization policy on education to carry out local target on education and human resource development
Expenditure on education development: to improve education infrastructure. Investment from local budget is made for public education facilities (high schools,
Trang 7continuing centers, preschools) according to decentralization mechanism to ensure material conditions to carry out development targets and tasks of local public education.
Regular local budget expenditure on education: to maintain regular education activities These expenditures ensure teaching and learning activities in public education facilities, ensures local management activities, and to ensure carrying put general tasks of the industry
1.3 MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON PUBLIC EDUCATION
13.1 Concept, goals, and methods of management of local budget expenditure on public education
1.3.1.1 Concept and goals of management of local budget expenditure on public education
Management of local budget expenditure on public education is the organized, directed, oriented and planned impact of local authorities (levels of local authorities, financial and education agency) on the distribution and usage of financial resources from state budget for local public education to carry out local education development.
Fiscal management at levels of local authorities in general and management of state budget expenditure on public education in particular aim at the following goals:
Allocation efficiency:
In the context of limited resources for local budget and limited resource allocation for education, it is necessary to select the most important issues to be addressed in the industry from the process of socioeconomic development planning and industry’s development planning to prioritize resources. Based on that, the allocation of resources in local budget for tasks’s of the education industry needs to pay attention to important tasks and goals right from the budget planning budget.
Operational efficiency:
When pursuing the goal of operational efficiency, there are 2 points to take note:(i) If management officers are not granted the rights to be proactive in making
Trang 8be allowed to be independent in using budget resources, Therefore, accountability factor plays a remarkable role in increasing operational efficiency.
1.3.2.2 Methods of management of local budget expenditure on public education Firstly, management of local budget expenditure on public education according to output: the focus is on strict control of input expenditures in budget
using units through the system of norms and criteria issued by an authorized state agency. Management mechanism, norms for expenditure and budget usage and even the viewpoint of building financial management mechanism is established according
To build an appropriate management decentralization mechanism of local budget expenditure on public education, it is necessary to based on:
Firstly: the law system on management decentralization in economics, society and organization of local government
Secondly, ability to provide education services of local authorities
Thirdly, management competency of each level of local authorities
1.3.2.2 Planning of local budget expenditure on public education
The planning process of local budget expenditure on public education follows the general process of local budget planning that includes: planning of programs, tasks, missions, development context of local education industry and resource ability
of local budget; guiding planning; creating estimate; submitting and approving estimates of local budget expenditure on public education in the overall estimate of local budget expenditures. Specific phases are as follows:
Trang 9In this phase, based on policies, programs and development plan of the education industry as well as resources of local budget, financial agencies identify expenditure ceiling and inform units in the educations and localities as the basis to create annual planning and mediumterm vision. Based on this expenditure ceiling, the education industry will choose expenditure program according to priority order and can be proactive in choosing expenditure structure and reduce intervention of financial agencies in defining internal structure of the industry
Planning from the lowest level onward
Budgetusing units and localities in lower levels base on the industry’s development plan and orientation, annual target, informed expenditure ceiling, guidelines on planning and current management method of state budget expenditure
in each specific period to create estimates for local budget expenditure on public education according to different methods.
In management of local budget expenditure on public education according to input factor, localities create estimate based on input (workforce teacher, expenditure to maintain operation of localities, unit material, teaching material….) and criteria, mechanism, norms of expenditure issued by authorized agencies. Allocation norms of local budget expenditure on public education in case of managing local budget expenditure according to input include the expenditure rate of local budget for a group of tasks (salaries, training….)
In management of local budget expenditure on public education according to task result, it is necessary to quantify all the relation links among input (education expenditure according to criteria), intermediary input (enrollment rate, teacherstudent ratio, class size), output (academic results, graduation rate, dropout rate), result (literacy rate, professional qualifications and skills of the labor force) and impact (impact scope of education program and policy) Allocation norms of local budget expenditure on public education are identified for 01 pupil qualified according to regulation of the education industry in each grade. Accordingly, the allocation norms include all expenditure (salaries, allowances, salaries, contributions, professional expenses…) to carry put teaching and learning activities for 01 pupil in
Trang 10budget expenditures according to estimates, controlling expenditure; adjusting estimates; creating the system of reports and midterm evaluation.
Assigning estimates of local budget expenditure on public education can be done in different methods:
First method: The Department of Finance (DOF) assigns budget directly to the Department of Education and Training (DET) and high school (planning unit under provincial management); the Planning Finance Department at the provincial level allocate and assign expenditure for DET
Second method: The Finance Department/Planning Finance Department assign budget to departments of education and training (level 1 planning unit) to assign budget for dependent units (high school, preschool, primary school, secondary school level 4 planning unit, budgetusing unit).
1.3.2.4. Final statement of local budget expenditure on public education
Final statement of local budget expenditure on public education is the final phase in the management procedure of local budget.
The purpose of final statement of local budget expenditure according to input is to synthesize and evaluate all the budgetspending process by expenditure category in a budget tear and provinces adequate information of local budget expenditure management for those who are interested such as: the National Assembly of Vietnam, People’s Councils at different levels, the government, sponsors, the people about the used input.
In management of local budget expenditure according to task results, budgetusing units, management authorities and auditors evaluate results of implementing the industry’s tasks in association with allocated budget for budgetusing unit from the beginning of the year. This is a systematic and relatively objective appraisal process for planning, implementation and results (output) of a project, program and policies that are being carried out or already finished
1.3.3 Influencing factors of management of local budget expenditure on public education
Group of objective factors: natural, socioeconomic condition of localities;
government’s policies and directions on education development and local education development plan, the system of mechanism and policies of state budget management; characteristics of the education industry.
Trang 11 Group of objective factors: structure of financial management apparatus;
competence of management officers.
1.4 MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON PUBLIC EDUCATION IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD AND LOCAL PROVINCES EXPERIENCE LESSONS FOR THANH HOA PROVINCE
The thesis studies experience of local budget expenditure management on public education in several countries in the world (Korean, Thailand, and OECD member countries; from that the thesis draws comments and 03 experience lessons for Thanh Hoa in creating allocation norms of state budget for education, management decentralization in local budget expenditure on education and procedure
of management of local budget expenditure on education.
Trang 12ON PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THANH HOA PROVINCE
2.1 OVERVIEW OF SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION AND PUBLIC EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THANH HOA PROVINCE DURING THE 20112017 PERIOD
Thanh Hoa is located in the northernmost part of Central Vietnam. It borders Laos and has a coastline in the Gulf of Tonkin. With a large area compared to Vietnam's cities and provinces, Thanh Hoa's geography is quite diverse, bearing many characteristics of the North and the North Central, and also has its own characteristics. Mountain hill accounts for threequarters of the whole province, creating great potential for forestry economy, abundant forest products and abundant natural resources. Thanh Hoa consists of 2 provincial cities, 1 town and 24 districts, with an area of 11,133.4 km² and a population of 3,712,600 people with 7 ethnic groups of Kinh, Muong, Thai, H'mong, Dao and Tho. Khomu
By 2017, there were 2140 schools in the whole province with over 740,000 pupils:
662 preschools, 694 primary schools, 19 primary and secondary schools, 629 secondary schools, 06 secondary và high schools, 101 high schools, 28 continuing educationvocational training centers, 01 general technology and careeroriented center, and 635 learning centers of communes, wards and towns 100% of communes, wards and towns has commune learning centers
During the 20112017 period, the scope of education developed reasonable; the general education quality was improved; results of outstanding pupils at national, international exams and attendance of university exams were always included in the national top list, the basic goal of maintaining the rate of children going to school was reached. The percentages of students going to primary school, secondary school and high school were 100%, 95%, and 6069%, respectively. The rate of children attending school at the right age at all levels also basically reached the set target for the whole period. In particular, the rate of children attending primary school, secondary school and high school at the right age reached over 98%, 9397%, and about 60% (only in 2016
2017 school year reached 805%), respectively. Preschool universalization for 5yearold children was completed in April 2015. Results of education universalization or children
in the right age at primary and secondary schools were maintained.
2.2 MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THANH HOA PROVINCE DURING 20112017
Trang 132.2.1 Management decentralization of local budget expenditure on public educationDuring the 20112017 period, management decentralization of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa was implemented according to Resolution No.167/2010/NQHDND dated Dec 08, 2010 and Resolution No. 24/2016/NQHDND dated Dec 08, 2016 of Thanh Hoa People’s Committee.
Management decentralization of local budget expenditure on public education
in Thanh Hoa clearly identifies revenue resources and expenditure category for public education at different levels of local budget, thus enabling levels to proactively implement their tasks However, there exist several shortcomings in the relation between decentralizing expenditure and allocating resources between levels of local authorities, in the authority level to issue mechanism, criteria ad norms for local budget expenditure on public education. Even though expenditure tasks were clearly defined for authoritiy levels, capital for development investment is allocated at the provincial level; as a result, the principle of conformity between resource allocation and tasks among authority levels is not ensured Besides, with the current decentralization mechanism, resources mainly focus on district and commune levels (1115,7% at provincial level, 84,389% in the district’s budget out of total local budget expenditure on public education ), it is difficult for the DET to forecast the required resources for education in the industry’s development planning
Authority to issue a number of norms and criteria of local expenditure ở mainly belongs to the People’s Councils at provincial level; while those in lower level (district, town) only have the authority to implement and supervise.
2.2.2 Creating estimate of local budget expenditure on public education
The creation of local budget expenditure on public education in Thanh Hoa during the 20112017 period conformed to regulations of the State Budget Law and guideline documents on implementation procedures. There exist schedule and guideline for creating annual local budget estimates regarding content, time and document forms,
The People’s Council in Thanh Hoa issued allocation norms for regular expenditure in local budget as the basis for localities and units to crate annual budget estimates. Accordingly, there are differences in allocation norms of local budget expenditure on public (cities, towns, Delta regions, low mountains; high mountains) that match with local topographic characteristics, thus helping people in difficult areas to have better access to education.
There are several shortming as follows: