The summary of Economic PhD thesis: The shift of structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong delta until 2025

Analyze real situation of shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000-2017. On that basis, assess the achievement, limit and define essential reasons of limitations during the process of shifting the structure of economics in the zone for this stage.

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

NGUYEN VAN TRON

THE SHIFT OF STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS DURING THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION IN

MEKONG DELTA UNTIL 2025

THE SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC PHD THESIS

Ho Chi Minh City, 2019

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

NGUYEN VAN TRON

THE SHIFT OF STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS DURING THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION IN

MEKONG DELTA UNTIL 2025

Department: Political Economy Department code: 9310102

THE SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC PHD THESIS

Ho Chi Minh City, 2019

Scientific advisors:

Major advisor: PhD Hoang AnQuoc

Secondary advisor: PhD LuuThi Kim Hoa

Can find out the thesis in the library:

- General Scientific Library in HCMC.

- Library in University of Economics in HCMC.

THE INTRODUCTION

1 The topic’s necessity

The shift of structure of economics is one of basic contents for the process

of industrialization, modernization About reasoning aspect, there were manyresearching works about the shift of structure of economics These researchingworks refered to the contents of concept of shifting the structure of economics,showed some norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics, approachingthe factors which influence to forming and shifting the structure of economicsduring the process of industrialization, modernization under many differentcorners However, some norms assess the shift of structure of economicscommonly, not specifically, suitably with practical situation about the shift ofstructure of economics in the scale of whole country in common and MekongDelta in particular

Mekong Delta is a wide land zone where appropriates 12,3% area and18,9% population in whole country; dense network of rivers, canals; there aremany potentials and advantages about developing, manufacturing the group offood trees, vegetables and fruit trees in the industries of planting, seafood, foodand baverage processing industry.The industries which have a high content oflabourers, regenerative energy and gas - electricity - protein, tourism, have anadvantageous position in the transaction with ASEAN countries and small zone inMekong Delta Mekong Delta has an important role with the economy in wholecountry, is the place where contributes on 17,3% GDP, 55,3% quantity of paddy,70% quantity of fruits and 56% quantity of seafood of whole country

The structure of economics in Mekong Delta during last period shiftedaccording to the direction of industrialization, modernization, promoted thezone’s potentials and advantages However, this process takes place very slow;the group of agriculture - forestry - seafood also appropriated a high proportion inGRDP, in total social labourers and total exporting turnover in the zone; incontrast, the group of industry - construction also appropriated the lowestturnover in GRDP and total social labourers; the structure of economics in thezone doesn’t still promote the zone’s maximum potentials and advantages yet …This causes not only the waste largely in using the sources of economics, but alsoprevents very many with the advance and social equality in the zone

The context of industrial revolution on the fourth time takes place onextremely rapid; international integration is wider and wider, the relationship offoreign affair economics develops rapidly; double effect from changing theclimate, rising sea water and exploiting water resource in the upstream of MekongDelta just opened new opportunities, but also proposed big challenges with theshift of structure of economics in the zone in coming time

From the above mentioned reasons, PhD student chose the problem “The shift of structure of economics during the process of industrialization,

modernization in Mekong Delta until 2025” as researching topic of PhD thesis

in Political Economics department Researching this topic really brings thenecessity, has a essential meaning about reasoning and practical aspects with theshift of structure of economics in Mekong Delta

2 Researching target

- Common target is the shift of structure of economics during the process

of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta until 2025

- Specific target:

+ Build scientific basis about the structure of economics and shift thestructure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization.Whereas, the focus is to analyze, make clear the concept about shifting thestructure of economics, the norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics,influencing factors to forming and shifting the structure of economics during theprocess of industrialization, modernization

+ Analyze, assess real situation of shifting the structure of economicsduring the process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for thestage of 2000 - 2017 and find out essential reasons of limitations during theprocess of shifting

+ Build the orientation of shifting the structure of economics in MekongDelta until 2025 suitably with historic - specific conditions in the zone

+ Propose some essential solutions to promote the shift of structure ofeconomics in Mekong Delta until 2025 according to chosen orientation

3 Researching object and scale

- This topic’s researching object is the shift of structure of economics

during the process of industrialization, modernization

+ Scientific scale: the thesis will go deeply on analyzing the shift ofstructure of economics in the change about the proportion between economics intotal

4 The thesis’s contributions

- The contribution about reasoning aspect: perfect (inherit and develop)

the norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics suitably with practical

situation about the shift of structure of economics in the scale of whole country incommon and Mekong Delta in particular.

- The contribution about practical aspect:

+ Analyze real situation of shifting the structure of economics during theprocess of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000

- 2017 On that basis, assess the achievement, limit and define essential reasons oflimitations during the process of shifting the structure of economics in the zonefor this stage

+ Build the orientation of shifting the structure of economics in MekongDelta until 2025 suitably with the zone’s new context

+ Propose some essential solutions to promote the shift of structure ofeconomics in Mekong Delta until 2025 according to chosen orientation

5 The thesis’s structure

Besides the introduction, conclusion, list of referential documents andappendixes, the thesis’ contents include 5 chapters:

Chapter 1: The overview of researching situation

Chapter 2: Scientific basis of structure of economics and the shift ofstructure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization.Chapter 3: The method of researching the topic

Chapter 4: Real situation of shifting the structure of economics during theprocess of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta during last period.Chapter 5: The orientation and essential solutions to promote the shift ofstructure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization inMekong Delta until 2025

CHAPTER 1: THE OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHING SITUATION 1.1 Researching works relate to the thesis about reasoning aspect

The reasoning about the structure of economics and the shift of structure ofeconomics during the process of industrialization, modernization have very manyproblems However, this item only summarizes typical researching works aboutsome basic, essential, and specific problems as follows:

1.1.1 Researching works about internal function of concept of shifting the structure of economics include:

The work “The shift of structure of economics in the conditions ofintegration with the area and world” of author Le Du Phong and partner (1999);the work “The problem of shifting the structure of economics in Ho Chi MinhCity during the process of industrialization, modernization” of author Truong ThiMinh Sam and partner (2000); the work “The shift of structure of Vietnameconomics in the years at the beginning of XXI century” of author Nguyen TranQue and partner (2004); the work “The shift of structure of economics in Vietnam

in the process of international economic integration” of author Nguyen Thi BichHuong (2005); the work “The restructure of Vietnam economics from the

industry’s structure and the structure of economic component” of author NguyenNgoc Toan and partner (2013).

1.1.2 Researching works about the norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics include:

Scientific newspaper “The structure of economics and the shift of structure

of economics in scientific - technological revolution and world economic globaltrend” of author Tran Van Nhung (2001); The work “The shift of structure ofeconomics in Vietnam” of author Bui Tat Thang and partner (2006); PhD thesis

“Scientific agency and essential solutions to promote the shift of structure ofagricultural economy in Mekong Delta” of author Nguyen Trong Uyen (2007);the textbook “Developing economy: Theory and Reality” of author Dinh Phi Hoand partner (2011); the textbook “The application of some theories in economicresearch” of author Tran Tho Dat and Ngo Quang Canh (2015)

1.1.3 Researching works about influencing factors to forming and shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization include:

The author “The factors influence to the shift of structure of economics inthe period of industrialization in Vietnam” of author Bui Tat Thang and partner(1997); the work “The State’s effect to shift the structure of economics according

to the direction of industrialization, modernization in our country currently” ofauthor Nguyen Cuc and partner (1997); the work “The shift of structure ofeconomics in the conditions of integration with the area and world” of author Le

Du Phong and partner (1999); the work “The problem of shifting the structure ofeconomics in Ho Chi Minh City during the process of industrialization,modernization” of author Truong Thi Minh Sam and partner (2000); the work

“The direction of shifting the structure of economics in Ho Chi Minh City” ofauthor Tran Du Lich and partner (2001); the work “The shift of structure ofeconomics in Vietnam” of author Bui Tat Thang and partner (2006); PhD thesis

“Scientific basis and essential solutions to promote the shift of structure ofagricultural economy in Mekong Delta” of author Nguyen Trong Uyen (2007);the work “The shift of structure according to the direction of solid development inVietnam” of author Pham Thi Khanh and partner (2010); the work “The theory ofnew structure economy: The basis to recondier the development” of author JustinYifu Lin and partner (2013)

1.2 Researching works relate to the thesis about practical aspect including:

The work “The development of capitalism in Russia” of V.I Lenin (1899);the work “Economics of rapid growth: “Japan and Korea’s experience” of DirkPilat (1994); The topic KX03.19 “Economic methods, essential organization topromote the shift of structure and develop major focused department” of author

Do Hoai Nam and partner (1995); the work “The problem of shifting the structure

of economics in Ho Chi Minh City during the process of industrialization,

modernization” of author Truong Thi Minh Sam and partner (2000); the work

“The shift of structure of economics in Vietnam for the process of internationaleconomic integration” of author Nguyen Thi Bich Huong (2005); the topic in thelevel of Ministry “The shift of structure of economics in the area of HCMC in thecontext where Vietnam integrates the area and world - The direction and basicsolutions” of author Hoang An Quoc (2007); PhD thesis “The direction of shiftingthe structure of economics in Tra Vinh province until 2015” of author Tran TuanAnh (2007); the work “Mysterious development in Korea: Developing economyand capitalism” of author Young Iob-Chung and partner (2007); scientificnewspaper “The shift of structure of economics meet Vietnam’s request ofinternational economic integration” of author Mai Lan Huong (2009); the work

“The change of structure in world economy: Characteristic and major trend” ofauthor Olga Memedovic and partner (2010); Scientific newspaper “The solution

of promoting the shift of structure of economics and investment in Mekong Delta

in the stage of 2010 - 2020” of author Hoang Ngoc Phong (2010); scientificnewspaper “Industrialization is a motivation of growth for developing countries,

1950 - 2005” of author Adam Szirmai (2012); the work “The restructure ofVietnamese economy from the structure of industry and the structure of economiccomponents” of author Nguyen Ngoc Toan and partner (2013); The work “Thechange of structure, basic principle and growth: Analyzing frame and researchingcases” of author Margaret McMillan and partner (2016)

1.3 Common assessment about topic researching situation

1.3.1 The contribution about reasoning aspect

Researching works refered to the contents of shifting concept of structure

of economics, showed some norms of assessing the shift of structure ofeconomics, approached influencing factors to forming and shifting the structure ofeconomics during the process of industrialization, modernization under manydifferent corners

1.3.2 The contribution about practical aspect

Researching works analyzed, assessed real situation of shifting the structure

of economics of world economy, developing countries, Japan, Korea, Vietnam,HCMC and Tra Vinh province for different stages On that basis, define thedirection and propose some essential solutions to promote the shift of structure ofeconomics in Vietnam, HCMC and Tra Vinh province … according to chosendirection

1.3.3 Define researching space

Some norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics in previouscommon researching works aren’t specific, suitable with practical situation aboutthe shift of structure of economics in the scale of whole country in common andMekong Delta in particular

Previous researching works aren’t analyzed, assessed real situation ofshifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialsim,modernization in Mekong Delta for the stages of 2000 - 2017 and found outessential reasons of limitations during the process of shifting yet.

Previous researching works don’t also propose the orientation of shiftingthe structure of economics in Mekong Delta until 2025 suitably with the zone’snew context yet and propose some essential solutions to promote the shift ofstructure of economics in the zone according to chosen orientation

CHAPTER 2: SCIENTIFIC BASIS ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS AND THE SHIFT OF STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS

DURING THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION,

MODERNIZATION 2.1 The concept about economic structure and the kinds of economic structure

National economics is a complext system which has many parts andbetween these parts, there is a relationship “The structure of national economics

is total relationship about the quantity and quality between those composed partsfor a period and fixed economic - social conditions” (Vu Tuan Anh, 1982, page18)

According to approaching corner, when researching national economy, wehave many kinds of equivalent economic structures such as the structure ofeconomics, structure according to the zone - territory and structure of economiccomponent Whereas, the structure of economics is important most

2.2 The concept about the shift of structure of economics and norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics

2.2.1 The concept about the shift of structure of economics

The shift of structure of economics is the process of changing the quantity

of industry, proportion and interactive relationship between industries orsubdivisions in a department according to a fixed trend to achieve an effectivelyreasonable new structure

If considering for a specific period, this change is expressed in the

following points: First, the change of quantity and the kind of industry in the economy appear more new industries or lose some available industries Second,

the change about the proportion between the industries due to unequal speed of

growth between the industries Third, the change in the relationship effects each

other between industries, expresses in this industry’s output as the input of otherindustries and in contrast The shift of structure of economics is to achieve a morereasonable and effective new structure

2.2.2 The norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics

- GDP structure, the structure of manufacturing value include:

+ GDP structure is divided according to the group of economics

+ The kinds of structure of manufacturing value in the group of agriculture

- forestry - seafood

+ In the group of industry - construction, there are the following norms: theproportion of industries and construction in GDP; the structure of industrialmanufacturing value is divided according to the industry; the structure ofindustrial manufacturing value is divided according to the group of low-technology industry, medium-technology industry and high-technology industry.+ In the group of service industry, there is the norm of proportion of serviceindustry in GDP

The speed of shifting the structure of economics is measured by cosφcoefficient

- The structure of working labourers in the economy includes: the structure

of total social labourers is divided according to the group of economics, thestructure of total social labourers is divided according to technical specializedqualification

- The structure of exporting goods and some essential exporting items

2.3 The factors influence to forming and shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization

2.3.1 The State’s effect through the tools such as strategy, planning,

economic - social developing plan, legal system and policies

2.3.2 The sources of economy

- Natural conditions such as geographic position, climate, land resource,terrain, water, forest, sea, mineral resource

- Human resource includes the aspects of quantity and quality

- Investing capital includes the structure of investing capital dividedaccording to the source of capital, the structure of investment and theeffectiveness of using investing capital

- Scientific - technological advance is expressed in the norm of labourproductivity

2.3.3 Market factor includes domestic and foreign market.

2.4 Some basic reasonings about the industrialization, modernization

2.4.1 The concept about the industrialization, modernization

According to the conference of the central executive committee ofVietnamese communist party on the 7th time course VII (1994), “Theindustrialization, modernization is the process of conversion basically,completelythe activities of production, business, service and economic, social managementfrom using manual labour into using popularly the labour with the technology,means and advanced, modern methods based on the industry’s development andscientific - technological advance to create high-social labour productivity”

2.4.2 The effects of the industrialization, modernization

Implementing properly the process of industrialization, modernization willhave positive effectswith many aspects of social life such as economy, politics,culture, society, national defence, security and relationship of foreign economy.Therefore, the Party considered the industrialization, modernization as a centralduty during transitional period to the socialsit in our country.

2.4.3 The industrialization, modernization’s targets

Long-term target of industrialization, modernizationis to “Build ourcountry to become an industrial country with modern facilities - techniqe,reasonable economic structure, advanced manufacturing relationship suitably withthe process of development of manufacturing force, high material life and spirit,solid national defence, security, rich inhabitants, strong country, equal society,democracy, civilization” (Vietnamese Communist Party, 1996, pages 84-85).Whereas, the industrialization, modernizationof industry, rural zones to build anew, rich, beautiful rural zone, democracy, equality, civilization, have thestructure of reasonable economy, suitable manufacturing relationship, economic -social infrastructure is more and more modern (Vietnamese Communist Party,2006)

First target of industrialization, modernizationis “In 5 next years, continuepromoting the country’s industrialization, modernization, focus on theindustrialization, modernizationof agriculture, rural zone, develop rapidly, solidly;attempt soon to bring our country basically into an industrial country according tomodern direction.” (Vietnamese Communist Party, 2016, page 90)

2.4.4 Basic contents of industrialization, modernization

Under the effect of industrial revolution, the process of industrialization,

modernizationin our country has the following basic contents: First, proceed

scientific - technical revolution to build the socialist’s facilities - technique

Second, build the structure of economy reasonably and proceed distributing social

labour Hence, the industrialization, modernizationtransfers an obsoleteagricultural country with low social labour productivity into an industrial countryaccording to the direction of modernization with high social labour productivity

2.5 Some essential economic theories and the Party’s point of view about shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialization 2.5.1 Reasoning aspect about the shift of structure of economics in Mark - Lenin political economy is expressed, focused in reasoning part about

distributing social labour and reasoning about remanufacturing social capitalism

If reasoning about social labour distribution refers to the premise for the industry

to separate from agricultural industry in the history, reasoning aboutremanufacturing social capitalism refers to the relationship between the industries(area) during the process of motivation of manufacturing goods according to thecapitalism

2.5.2 Some essential economic theories about the shift of structure of economics in the Economy which belongs to modern school and developing economics including: (i) Reasoning about shifting the structure of economics in

Economics belonging to modern major school of prominent delegate as P.A.Samuelsonand W.D Nordhaus (1948); (ii) Flying theory of W.W Rostow (1960);(iii) Dyad theory includes Arthur Lewis’s two-area model (1955) and Harry T.Oshima’s two-area model (1963); (iv) The theory of developing the structure ofunbalanced industry or “growth poles” of A Hirschman, F Perrons and G.Destanne De Bernis; (v) The theory about shifting the structure of economics in

“The theory of new structure of economics” of Justin Yifu Lin (2013)

The above theories show that the problem of shifting the structure ofeconomics was refered to many different corners, from many differentapproaching ways, different researching target and situation by the economistsbecause the above theories had different notions about this problem In fact, eachtheory includes fixed strong and weak aspects Therefore, when utilizing, mustutilize generally on the basis of dialectical notion of materialism of Marx - Lenintenet to each practical zone in historic - specific situation

2.5.3 The Party’s point of view about the structure of economics and the shift of structure of economics during the process of industrialization in our country through Congressperiods (from Congress III in 1960 to Congress

XII in 2016 of Party) Through that, we see that the Party’s time, point of viewabout the structure of economics and the shift of structure of economics duringthe process of industrialization in our country had a very big and basic change.That process’s axis is managing place to understand where the economy in ourcountry is lying in the ladder of economic develooping process and the factorseffect the movement of shifting the structure of economics By our and world’experience, nowadays we understood more clear than binding factors if wanting

to shift the structure of economics from traditional agricultural area to modernindustrial area during the process of industrialization

2.6 The experience of shifting the structure of economics during the process

of industrialization in some economies

zone in coming time as follows: First, to improve economic - social effectiveness

during the process of shifting the structure of economics, the structure of

economics is created as “opening” structure Second, during the process of

industrialization, focusing on industrial development and service must attach with

implementing agricultural, rural industrialization Third, in processing industry:

need to prefer, develop the industries as the potential and benefits in each stage,simultaneously must create positively the benefits in the future to upgrade step by

step the structure of economics Fourth, to upgrade the structure of economics,

must upgrade the economy’s structure of human resources first

CHAPTER 3: TOPIC RESEARCHING METHOD

The topic is approached under the corner of political economy Topicresearching method includes reasoning method and specific researching methodsare used popularly in researching political economies, specifically as follows:

3.1 About reasoning method

3.1.1 Dialectical method of materialism

In this method, PhD student focuses on the contents after analyzing theshift of structure of economics during the proess of industrialization,modernization in Mekong Delta:

Principles about popular relationship: utilizethis principle in the thesis:

First, analyze influencing factors to forming and shifting the structure of

economics during the process of industrialization, modernization;the effects of

industrialization, modernization Second, analyze real situation of shifting the

structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in

Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017 Third, analyze essential reasons of

limitations during the process of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong

Delta for the period of 2000 - 2017 Fourth, analyze new context where

influences to the shift of structure of economics in Mekong Delta in coming time

Fifth, propose essential groups of solutions to promote the shift of structure of

economics in Mekong Delta until 2025

Principles about the development: utilizing this principle in the thesis is

to define general target of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong Delta incoming time

The rule from the change of quantity results in the change about material and in contrast: utilizing this principle in the thesis is to propose the

orientation of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong Delta until 2025

Uniting and fighting rules of opposition aspects: utilizingthis principle in

the thesis is to find out the limitations during the process of shifting the structure

of economics in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017

3.1.2 Scientific abstract method

Utilize this method in the thesis: the thesis only focuses on researchingrelated problems to shifting the structure of economics, influencing factors toforming and shifting the structure of economics during the process ofindustrialization, modernization about reasonsing and practical aspects in MekongDelta

3.2 Specific researching methods

3.2.1 System approaching method

Utilizing this method in the thesis is to analyze real situation of shifting thestructure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization inMekong Delta in the stage of 2000 - 2017

3.2.2 The method of statistics, description

Utilizing this method in the thesis to analyze real situation of shifting thestructure of economics during the process of industrialsim, modernization inMekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017 and find out essential reasons oflimitations during the process of shifting

3.2.3 Analyzing, synthetic method

This method is used in each specific content of thesis and it is expressedclearly when analyzing real situation of shifting the structure of economics duringthe process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of

2000 - 2017

3.2.4 Historic method unites with logic method

Utilizing this method in the thesis is as follows: First, the overview of

typical researching works about some basic, essential problems which relate tothesis topic according to the order of time On that basis, assess commonly thecontributions about reasoning and practical aspects, define researching space

Second, analyze the Party’s point of view about the structure of economics and

the shift of structure of economics during the process of industrialsim in our

country through the periods of Congress Third, analyze the process of

industrialization in Korea, Taiwan and Thailand according to the order of time.From that, withdraw some experience lessions with the shift of structure ofeconomics during the process of industrialization, modernizationin Mekong Delta

in coming time Fourth, analyze real situation of shifting the structure of

economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in MekongDelta for the stage of 2000 - 2017 with its “historic - specific” characteristics.From that, find out its property, rule and trend

3.2.5 Comparative method

Utilizing this method in the thesis: First, the overview of typical

researching works about each basic, essential problem relating to thesis topic

Second, analyze essential reasons of limitations during the process of shifting the

structure of economics in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017

3.3 Source of data

To have the system of data to serve for the thesis’s topic research, PhDstudent collected essential data from the following sources: statistical yearbooksfrom 2000 to 2017 were published through years by Bureau of Statistics in 13provinces, cities belonging to Mekong Delta; Economic - social data in MekongDelta 2000 - 2009 were pubished by Bureau of Statistics in Can Tho City on June2010; statistic yearbooks from 2005 to 2017 were published and issued by TCTK

through years; The reports of Vietnam job and labour investigation from 2010 to

2017 were pubished and issued by TCTK through years; Population and houseinvestigation in the middle of period on April 01st 2014: Essential results wereissued by TCTK on Sept 2015; The data from career organizations, associationsand specialized magazines …

3.4 The proposal of thesis’s analyzing frame

3.5 Topic researching procedure

CHAPTER 4: REAL SITUATION OF SHIFTING THE STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS DURING THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION IN MEKONG DELTA DURING LAST PERIOD 4.1 General introduction about natural and social characteristics in Mekong Delta

4.1.1 Geographic position

Mekong Delta lies in South pole of country The North and Northwestborder with Cambodia, border with Tay Ninh Province and HCMC The West andSouthwest border with Thailand Bay The East and Southeast border with Easternsea Mekong Delta includes 13 provinces, cities directly under center, with landarea as 40.816 km2

4.1.2 Natural conditions

Mekong Delta’s climate has two contrast seasons as rainy and dry seasons.Rainy season is from May to October, dry season is from November to April ofnext year Land resource, the group of slob, alkaline soil, salty land and gray landappropriated 89,7% zone area The terrain is rather smooth However, there aresome local differences about the terrain where also influences considerably toreleasing water in rainy season and penetrates sea water in dry season The system

of river, canal is dense, with the density to 0,68 km/km2 Water resource isabundant Forest land’s area is very narrow, only appropriates 6,2% zone’s landarea Sea area is wide, appropriates about 30% sea area of whole country; sea iswarm, the source of seafood is abundnat, advantageous for exploiting seafood inparticular and developing sea economy in common The resource of mineral isvery limited Have the potential and benefits about tourism with many differentkinds of forms

4.1.3 Population and human resource

The population in Mekong Delta in 2017 was 17.738.000 persons,appropriated 18,9% population of whole country The force of labourers from 15years old up to was 10.596.600persons, appropriated 19,3% labour force of wholecountry Whereas, the number of persons who don’t have specialized techniqueappropriate 87,1%, highest in the country; in contrast, the sum of persons whohave qualification of specialized technique only appropriate 12,9%, lowest in thecountry Moreover, lose the balance in the structure of qualification and trainingdepartment, career Training quality is still low