From the above discussion, my experienced ideas will make a little contribution on applying the vocabulary and grammartical points for developing English speaking skill for 10th students.
Trang 2of this languge in international communication as well as in international intergration education in Viet Nam chooses English as a subject that plays a major role. English is not only neccessary for the tourism , foreign trade but also a subject in GCSE examination. So, each student needs a certain level of English to prepare for their exam and after graduating they must have at least the ability to communicate , read and write some common texts. To achieve these requires, both teachers and students must work very hard, creatively all the time In teaching learning process, the teachers need to renovate teaching method to make students active and fun. The differrent ways will help students to practice skills effectively and give them the ability of using foreign languages
English has four skills : reading, speaking, listening and writing. Foreign language learning requires students and teachers to focus on all skills because they are applied
in daily life. And linguistic knowledge is also very improtant for students when they study English because it always plays the role of the means and conditions to form communication skills. Therefore, when studying language, students must focus on phonetics, vocabulary and grammatical points. With the knowledge, students know about the linguistic, special knowledge about grammar, they can use them for communication
In fact, the students at my school can do written tests about grammartical knowledge rather well but they meet problems in speaking Because the teacher often asks students to do exercises in their text books after they are introduced grammartical points, not use them to communicate. So, teaching speaking skill for students in grammar lessons is very neccessary
To help students speak English better, I designed some activities for production part
of language focus periods of English 10. From the activities I applied, I have written
a teaching experience named: “ Using some effective activites for the production
Trang 3CONTENTPART 1: THEORITICAL AND PRACTICAL BACKGROUND
1.1 : Theoritical background
* What is grammar ?
In order to tackle the issues related to language awareness and use, it is important to first give a definition of grammar. According to David Crystal ( “ In Word and Deed.” TSE Teacher, April 30, 2004) , “Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyonenot only teachers of English, but teachers of
anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning”. So,
a grammar is a description of the rules of the structure of a language; the way words combine, the order they come in, the way they change according to their relationship
to other words, how they build up into units like a sentence etc
We can have other definition of grammar is that grammar is the characteristic system
of inflections and syntax of a language and it is a system of rules that defines the grammatical structure of a language.
* What is teaching grammar?
Grammar is very important and central to the teaching and learning of languages because it helps the learners express their ideas that are understood by the listeners. It
is also one of the more difficult aspects of language to teach well
Many people, including language teachers, hear the word "grammar" and think of a fixed set of word forms and rules of usage. They associate "good" grammar with the prestige forms of the language, such as those used in writing and in formal oral
Trang 4conversation or used by speakers of nonprestige forms.
When teaching grammar, many teachers often teach a set of forms and rules. They teach grammar by explaining the forms and rules and then drilling students on them. This result is bored, disaffeted students who can produce correct forms on exercises and tests, but consistently makes errors when they try to use the language in context. Meanwhile, other language teachers, influenced by recent theoretical work on the difference between language learning and language acquisition , tend not to teach grammar at all. Believing that children acquire their first language without overt
grammar instruction, they expect students to learn their second language the same way. They assume that students will absorb grammar rules as they hear, read and use language in communication activities. This approach does not allow students to use one of the major tools they have as learners: their active understanding of what
grammar is and how it works in the language they already know.
From two ways of teaching grammar above, we see that teaching forms and rules in grammar lessons is neccessary but undestanding the meaning of grammatical points and then using them for communication are more important. So, appying the
communicative approach in teaching grammar can balance these extremes. This
aproach recogrnizes that overt grammar instruction helps students acquire the
language more efficiently, but it incorporates grammar teaching and learning into the larger context of teaching students to use language. Instructors using this model teach students the grammar they need to know to accomplish defined communication tasks.The purpose of teaching grammar in new trend is helping students communicate in real situations. To gain this goal, teacher must let students speak , speak and speak. This means that in process of teaching grammatical points, teacher should design the activites to develope speaking skill for students
1.2 : Practical background
At my school, in grammar lessons, students are often required to do exercies in their books to apply knowledge they have learnt. These controlled and repeatedly activities make students feel bored and they do not have many chances to practice what they have learnt in communication. So, designing activites for students to speak at class when they study grammatical points is neccesary
Trang 5In the early school year, I did two surveys in class 10A4 at my school to check students’ ability of understanding and using the grammatical points they learnt: The first survey was done to check the ability of doing exercises in written test and the second survey was done to check the ability of speaking ( including accuracy and
Trang 6But when I ask students to use be going to and present progessive to make a dialogue
to talk about the birthday party next week, they meet some mistakes ( The second survey )
Trang 7I also did the same surveys with other grammatical points such as: Used to +
infinitive; Tenses; Comparision and realized that students can do better at written
tests than oral tests because they are rarely taught how to speak at grammar lessons. Almost teachers only focus on presenting structures and rules to do exercises in their books
To help students correct the mistakes mentioned above, I design some effective activities for the production part in grammar lessons of English 10 With these activities students can understand more the grammatical points they have learnt and apply them in real situations for communication
PART 2: THE SOLUTION
There are many writings about improving speaking English accuracy and fluency, they are both techniques and activities. We can apply these theories for our teaching and learning process. But with the level of my students, I have some other techniques and activities to motivate them to speak English . From these exercies, students will know how to apply vocabulary and grammartical structures to communicate and the grammar lessons become more interesting for them
In English 10, students study many grammartical structures and they are used a lot in speaking everyday such as : tenses, questions, relative clauses So, I have designed 8 types of exercies to apply these grammatical points. I applied these ativities to give the production for students after they are introduced grammar structures and after they have done some kinds of exercies in their text books.The activities I applied are:
Presentation : This activity is used to raise students’ speaking ability in front of class by talking about themself or some other discussions
Questionaire : It is used to help students be more confident in talking by doing a survey and then making the report
Project based activity: It is used to help student know how fluency they speak English by record what they had spoken
Describing the pictures : Students know how to tell information appeared in the pictures and this activities make them more motivative in learning
Trang 8 Chain games : It is used to help students create in giving information. They can like this very much
Mapped dailogue : Students can make a mini dailogue depending on some suggestions ( word cues, pictures )
Discussion : Students can give out their ideas about some problems or give out the reasons for their choice of something
Trang 9e. Procuduce:
3 minutes to share information about themselves, base on the infomation on the poster. Teacher notes students to speak in sequence from 1 to 6. Teacher can guide students to start the presentation with :
up at 5 a.m to study old lesson. I go to school in the morning and sometimes in the
4. Hobbies5.Daily activities
6.Activities
last Sunday
2.Date/Place of birth
Trang 10afternoon At 5 p.m, I usually play volleyball with my friends and I often help my mother cook dinner at 6 p.m . In the evening, I do my homework at 8 p.m and go to bed at 10.30.
It was very special for me Last Sunday. I went to the beach with my family. It was very interesting. That made me feel stronger for a new week.
Trang 11is her favourite sport. When she has free time, she often listens to pop music . She wants to become a doctor in the future.
2.3 : Project based activity :
( Applied for Unit 3, Unit 5 )
Trang 12news they have prepared. And teacher uses the mobile phone to record. ( Teacher notes students about the nonverbal communication while speaking ). After that, teacher plays the record and asks the rest students to decide who is the best M.C
Suggested news :
Good evening everybody! This is our VTV News. A student comes from Yen Thanh village, Nghe An province has just got the first prize for Olympic English test through internet . Her name is Tran Thi Lan Anh. Now she is in the 10 th form students of NamYen Thanh high school. She has just come back home from Ha Noi. Before she attended the competition, she had studied and practiced English very hard. She had listened and spoken English by the time she went to bed . So, she gets the success now. We admire her very much.
2.4 : Describing the pictures
( Applied for Unit 4, Unit 10 )
Trang 14the class and give out the feedback. Each student only talks in 1 minute; if the time is over, teacher calls other students to present and asks the rest students to choose the best presenter
Most children didn’t use to go to school, but now all children go to school for their studying.
Trang 15e. proceduce:
about the destruction of environment in 3 minutes. Students use the passive voice to speak
and feedbacks students’ talking . Teacher asks the rest students to choose the best presenter. ( Students show the pictures and talk )
Picture 6
Trang 17(They can depend on the picture to practice). One student is mother and another is Hoa. Mother and Hoa will be in Hoa’s room and talk about the Hoa’s plan for the birthday party next Saturday night, using The present progressive and Be going to During students’s practicing, teacher may help students with some structures and vocabulary if they find difficult
Trang 18a. Aim of activity : This activity is used to help students make a mini dailogue to talk
what they should do to keep their health by using the structure : Should/ Shouldn’t + infinitive or Had better/ Hadn’t better + infinitive
b. Time : 8 minutes
c. Way of organising : Pairwork
d. Preparation : Give gie out some cue words on the board
Hello/ Hi Hello/ Hi
Trang 21Cua Lo Town Ho Chi Minh square
Trang 23Hoa : I going to buy a birthday cake,
some fruit and drink such as : apples,
Mum : Really ? Your birthday is coming Hoa : Yes, it’s on Saturday this week. And I am celebrating it on Saturday night.
Mum : All right. What is your plan for the party ?
Hoa : I am going to invite all my classmates and some neighbours.
Mum : What about food and drink ? Hoa : I am going to buy a birthday cake, some fruit and drink such as : apples, mangoes, oranges and Cocacola.
Mum : Are you going to prepare pop music?
Hoa : No, I am not going to play pop music but prepare dance music
Mum : That sounds interesting.
Hoa : Thanks mum! I hope my dad will
be at home on my birthday.
After teaching speaking by applying some grammartical items for communication, we have found that most of students have made much progress in speaking ability.
First, their common errors in the early school year have been improved :
Wrong tense: will come> is coming ; will celebrate > am celebrating
Wrong form of tenses: going to inviting > going to invite
Trang 24 Short of “ to”: going prepare > going to prepare
Wrong order of the sentence: going not to play > not going to play
Second, most of students are more interested in grammar lessons because they are motivated to use the language in real situations. And they do exercises for the tests more correctly due to the understanding of grammartical points.When we ask them to speak English, they are eager to speak in self confidence
3.2 : Commenting
After applying these activities for teaching in two years, I see that the speaking skill
of students are improved day by day. I use the questionaires to know how students reach with the ways the teacher teach them and how they mange with the grammar lessons
Questionaires
1. How often do you practice speaking English at class in grammar lessons after they are introduce the grammartical points?
2. If the teacher gets you to practice grammartical points by doing exercises only, how many percent of the knowledge can you receive or how do you feel about the lesson?
60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
3. Do you often prepare the lessons before the class ? How do you prepare the grammar lessons at home ?
4. How did your classmates and you act in speaking activities for grammar lessons in production
part ?
Trang 255. Do you think teaching speaking skill by applying some grammartical points in grammar lessons is an useful way to improve your speaking skill ? Why?
I gave these questionaires to the students od the class 10D1 ( a good at English class), 10A1 (a quite good at English class ) and 10A4 (a medium and week at English class)Most of the students agreed that they were active in grammar lessons in production part ( question 4) because they understood more about the structures and meanings of grammartical points they had learnt. And they can use what they know about English
to communicate with each other. From these activities, they can have chances to speak in real situations beacause leaning language is learning the way to communicate ( Question 5 ). I gave the questions 1 to the students at 3 classes. The answer of the students is general that sometimes they practice speaking but only in sentence such as : I used to get up late when I was small. Because the level of students is different, teachers may find it difficult to design the activities for the lessons
However, the other questions may have different answers Most students often prepare the lesson at home but they only know the structures, not much about the meaning or the using of it
And these are the results of the students’ability to speak English after and before the activities are applied
Years:
Before/
after
Class Number of
students Good Quite good Average Weak Very week