The thesis researches the theoretical issues and the practical management of the UI fund. In particular, mainly researching on management of revenue - expenditure and the balance of UI fund in Vietnam.
Trang 11. Rationale
Trang 2In Vietnam, workers’ rights as well as unemployment issue are always paid attention to by the Party and the Government in each period of the socioeconomic development process. In the period before 2009, the government budget spent hundreds of billions of VND each year to support financially for tens of thousands of workers through severance allowances, jobloss allowances or allowances regimes for redundant laborers when rearranging Stateowned enterprises,….In order to better ensure the benefits for workers when they are unemployed and to reduce the burden on the state budget, at the 9th session of National Assembly, term XI, the Law on Social Insurance was promulgated and Unemployment Insurance (UI) regulations became effective from 1stJanuary 2009. After five years of implementation, the Unemployment Insurance has been more comprehensive in the Employment Law passed by the National Assembly, term XIII, at its 6th session and took effect on 1st January
2015. After the process of formation and modification up to now, UI has gradually come to life and is "lifeline" for workers when they lose their jobs.According to data of Vietnam Social Insurance by 2015, Vietnam has over 10.3 million laborers participating in UI system with the revenue of over 9.7 trillion VND and over 4.5 trillion VND was spent for more than 545,000 beneficiaries. Thus, the UI budget is not only enough to pay the regimes but also surplus over 49 trillion
In addition to the achievements, the management of UI system still reveals many inadequacies in policy such as: employees who contribute to
UI but do not benefit from retirement policy, there is no age limits for being entitled to unemployment insurance benefits. Therefore, some workers who retire from work benefit from the UI regime first then apply for retirement allowances. , maternity beneficiaries actively quit their jobs to enjoy both maternity and unemployment benefits,…
Trang 3UI budget and being expressed as: employees actively take leave or corporate with employers to carry out procedures to enjoy UI benefits, while the company still can arrange jobs for these employees; unemployed workers are having unemployment allowance but at the same time still work and contribute to social insurance (SI) and UI in other localities to avoid being detected; Some companies have dodged the law for evading to contribute to UI system by signing labor contracts with employees who have less than 3 months of employment or insufficiently contribution by lower the number of employees and salaries, UI outstanding debts, Employment information is limited; vocational training is reasonable in terms of time, funding and training industry; not meeting the needs of the labor market. The coordination mechanisms in policy implementation and inspection between agencies and organizations is not enough strict. On the other hand, UI is mainly aimed at paying unemployment benefits with absolute amount of allowances is much greater than that of other regimes, the allowance for training, retraining and upgrading of vocational skills to maintain unpaid labor, the policy to limit the situation of job dismissal, supporting UI contributions rate or enhance the role of the labor market are not paid enough attention…then lead to great surplus of UI fund
With the abovementioned issues, "The Management of
Unemployment Insurance Fund in Vietnam" is the topic chosen by the author to study in order to overcome shortcomings and inadequacies still remain, thereby contributing to the management of UI fund more strict ,effective and lawfully
2. Research Goals
a. Overall Goal:
Evaluating the actual situation of UI fund management and proposing some key solutions to manage UI fund in Vietnam stricty, effectively and lawfully
Trang 4 To Propose solutions and recommendations to manage UI funds closely, effectively and lawfully.
3. Research subjects and scope
a. Thesis’ research subjects is managing UI fund.
b. Thesis research scope
Content: The thesis researches the theoretical issues and the practical management of the UI fund. In particular, mainly researching on management
The dissertation uses the synthesis of statistics research methods such as: synthesize, analysis, comparative evaluation and lessons learned
During researching process, the thesis combines both qualitative and quantitative methods In order to implement these methods, primary and secondary data sources are collected from the Vietnam Social Insurance, the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs and the relevant ministries and agencies and via field survey sheets
5. Literature Reviews
5.1. International Research
Trang 5 Wandner, S. A., & Stengle, T. (1997). “Unemployment insurance:
Carter, J., Bédard, M., & Bista, C P (2013). “Comparative review
of unemployment and employment insurance experiences in Asia and worldwide”;
Hu, Y. W., Impavido, G., & Li, X. (2009). “Governance and Fund
Management in the Chinese Pension System”
5.2. Local Research
Sinh, D.V (2005) “Improving the management of Social Insurance Fund in Vietnam”
Quang, N.V (2009) “Models and experiences of implementing unemployment insurance in the world "
Dinh, N.V (2008) " Organizing Unemployment Insurance in Vietnam";
Trung, L.Q. (2001) and his team. Ministry level Research. "Solutions
to promote nonstate enterprises participating in unemployment insurance up to 2020"
Centre of regional social and environmment development Vietnam (CERSED). (2013). "Assessing the status of the unemployment insurance fund and proposing plans to transform the fund model"
Thao, L.T.P. (2014) "The management of unemployment insurance fund in Hung Yen Social Insurance Branch";
- Giang. P.T (2010) “Completing the collection mechanism of social insurance contribution in Vietnam";
Chinh, N.T (2010) "Completing the organizations system and
Trang 6 Lam. T.Q. (2016). "Factors affecting the revenue of health insurance fund in Vietnam"
Truong. N.Q. (2016) "Current State management of unemployment insurance in Vietnam."
5.3. Issues to study further
Summary of domestic and foreign studies, the author found that there are still many researching gaps related to UI fund management, specifically:Theoretical gap: The concept of Unemployment Insurance, UI fund and
UI Management, distinguishing UI fund with social insurance fund, the system
of indicators related to UI management, factors affecting the management of
UI fund
Methodological gap: The majority of research are based on secondary data sources, while primary data sources through surveys are limited. The methods used in the study were mainly analysis, comparison, statistics, description
Practical gaps: UI management needs to be analyzed thoroughly, in detail and objectively in terms of organization across the country
The management of UI fund in Vietnam is mainly studied in terms of organization implementation by social insurance agencies Therefore, the solutions and recommendations of the thesis are aimed at completing and improving the efficiency of UI fund management, proposing amendments to policies and management models in Vietnam
6. Theorical frame work and Research model
Based on literature reviews and remaining gaps in previous studies, the author suggests expected study model as follows:
Trang 77. New contributions of the thesis
Theoretical and academic contributions:
+ The thesis researches and clarifies the concepts of UI, UI fund and UI fund management;
+ Identifying the factors influencing UI fund management and explaining the content of each factor;
Trang 8level of benefits; Organizing the management of revenue and expenditure and balancing the UI fund; propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws; the work of checking and inspecting UI and the coordination between functional agencies related to UI system Simultaneously, the authors have investigated both policy beneficiaries and the people who directly implement UI policies in order to identify three factors affecting the management of UI fund in a scientific and objective way: legal policies, socioeconomic conditions, quality of the UI fund management agencies’ human resources.
+ Proposing solutions to complete and improve the effectiveness of UI fund management, including solutions to UI policies and implementing UI policies in Vietnam
8. Content
Apart from the introduction, conclusions, list of references, appendices The thesis is structured into 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: The scientific basis of the Management of Unemployment Insurance Fund
Chapter 2: The current status of Unemployment Insurance Fund Management in Vietnam
Chapter 3: Viewpoints, orientations and solutions to improve the management of unemployment insurance fund in Vietnam
Trang 9UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FUND1.1. Unemployment insurance fund
UI fund is a concentrated monetary fund made up of contributions by contributors with the main purpose of replacing or offsetting a part of income for a given period of time for unemployed workers, also supporting to training and job introduction to the unemployed to help them early return to the labor market and limit layoffs situation
1.1.2.2. The characteristics of unemployment insurance fund
Firstly, the government is the only entity regulating the establishment
and the use of UI fund for the purpose of ensuring social security
Secondly, UI fund is a concentrated monetary and community fund with
Trang 10Thirdly, the release, the existence and the development of UI always stick to the main purpose of ensuring life for laborers and their families when they are unemployed.
Fourthly, UI fund is always influenced by a number of factors, in
which the development of social economy is always important and has a synergy effect
1.2. The management of unemployment insurance fund
1.2.1. The definition of unemployment insurance fund management
Under the author’s perspective, UI fund management is considered as the impact of management actors on the management, planning and organization of the fund to achieve expected objectives according to the principles and management methods of each country in each period
1.2.2. Unemployment insurance fund ’ s managerial Target
UI fund must be not only strictly managed from the inputs, including identification of participants, full and timely charges; strictly controlling the payment of allowances to the right beneficiaries, but also to periodically balancing UI income – expenses, forecasting and making appropriate adjustments in medium term and long term in order to manage and utilize UI fund effectively with the highest objective to ensure that employees receive full benefits before and after unemployment and reintegrate into the labor market, and contribute to ensuring national social security
Trang 12Thirdly, balancing income expenses of UI fund annually, controlling the
unplanned increase and decrease of UI fund forecasting changes in the medium and long term
Fourthly, UI management should pay special attention to research, modification and supplementation of UI policies in line with the actual situation and in accordance with the 4.0 revolution.
Fifthly, in addition to unifying and concretizing legal policies on UI, Vietnam government should pay attention to the strictness of policies and laws promulgated through regular inspection and supervision of policy implementation as well as compliance with the legal policies of contributors and beneficiaries
Sixthly, increasing the application of information technology in management, developing a united and focused implementation process in order
to strictly control the participants and beneficiaries of UI policies
Trang 132.1.2.2 Career management of unemployment insurance and unemployment insurance fund
Trang 14According to Article 59 of Employment Law: unemployment insurance fund is independent. Social insurance organizations shall control the collection, spending, management and the use of unemployment insurance fund. Investment activities from Unemployment Insurance Fund must be safe, transparent, effective and recoverable when it is necessary. The Government specify the rate of state budget support, the management and use of the Fund, the implementation of unemployment insurance.
On 05th January 05 2016, the Government issued Decree No.01/2016/NDCP defining the functions, tasks and powers of Social Insurance Organization. Accordingly, Vietnam Social Insurance is a governmental agency under the Government, having the function of organizing the implementation of social insurance and health insurance regimes and policies; organizing the collection and spending of UI regime; managing and using funds: social insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance
Trang 152.2.1. Managing the collection of unemployment insurance
2.2.1.1. Developing plan for the collection of unemployment insurance
2.2.1.2. Managing unemployment insurance participants
2.2.1.3. Managing unemployment insurance contribution rate and contribution methods
2.2.1.4. Organizing the evaluation of implementation results of unemployment
Trang 17Overall, it can be seen that UI fund is mainly used to pay unemployment benefits to unemployed people with huge amounts of money comparing to vocational training or health insurance contributions for the unemployed. Although the policy of supporting the cost of training, retraining and upgrading of vocational skills to maintain employment for workers is established in Vietnam labor law, enterprises’ access to this policy is still difficult so there are no specific data on the payment of this regime.
In fact, UI policies in Vietnam are passive, mainly used to pay unemployment allowance but not other proactive labor market policies as some countries in the world. Typically, vocational training, employment introduction and information on labor market, policies to support enterprises before the dismissal of labor has not met the actual needs, This is also one of the main causes for Vietnam unemployment insurance fund’s huge surplus over the years
2.2.5. Managing investment activities of UI fund
2.3. Nam Assessing the management of unemployment insurance fund in Vietnam
Trang 18and satisfaction in job counseling and referral
e. IT applications:
2.3.3 Evaluating the factors affecting the management of unemployment insurance fund
2.3.3.1. Evaluating the level of participants ’ influence to UI fund management
a. Models and research hypotheses