Brief PhD dissertation of Economics: Agricultural development in suburban districts of Ha Noi

Based on the study of the theory of agricultural development in the suburbs and clarification of the situation in the suburbs of Hanoi, the thesis proposes solutions to promote the development of agriculture in the capital in the coming time.

BUI THANH TUAN

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

IN SUBURBAN DISTRICTS OF HA NOI

BRIEF PHD DISSERTATION OF ECONOMICS

MAJOR: DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

Code : 62 31 01 05

HANOI - 2018

The thesis is completed at

Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics

Scientific supervisor: Asso.Prof/Dr Pham Thi Khanh

Reviewer 1:

Reviewer 2:

Reviewer 3:

The thesis will be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy level, at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At…… hour…… date …… month …… year 20

The thesis can be found at: National Library and Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics

PREMABLE

1 The urgency of the topic

At present, Vietnam agriculture is still an important material production sector of the economy, providing direct food and foodstuff for people; provide, use

a number of inputs - outputs for industry or service In particular, "urban argriculture" is based on urban and suburban space, closely linked with urban socio-economic and ecological systems

Over the past years, although the production value of the agricultural sector has been low in the economic structure of Hanoi (about 4 - 4.5%), it contributes significantly to the implementation of the tasks economic, political - social capital

of the capital Agricultural production in the suburbs of Hanoi has made great progress, such as accelerating mechanization, applying science and technology to production; consolidation of land plots is regarded as a breakthrough, achieving outstanding results; Initially formed and expanded specialized areas of cultivation, productivity, quality and economic efficiency are quite high However, compared with the demand for sustainable agricultural development, the capital is not suitable, besides, the agriculture outside the city of Hanoi has many limitations such as the area of agricultural production will increasingly narrowed by rapid urbanization; small scale production, scaled production, low quality of production and competitiveness, unsustainable production; The internal restructuring of the agricultural sector has been slow and unstable; The research, application and transfer of scientific and technological advances into production is still slow and effective People can not rely on the fields to improve their incomes as well as their quality of life

Thus clarifying theoretical and practical issues in developing suburban agriculture in a sustainable manner is an objective requirement that is absolutely necessary for the socio-economic and environmental development of the capital Developed in the context of industrialization, modernization, urbanization and international integration Thus, “Agricultural development in suburban districts of Hanoi” was chosen as the research topic of the doctoral dissertation - majoring in development economics

2 Aims and tasks of the dissestation

2.1 The amis and of the dissestation: Based on the study of the theory of

agricultural development in the suburbs and clarification of the situation in the suburbs of Hanoi, the thesis proposes solutions to promote the development of agriculture in the capital in the coming time

2.2 Research tasks: (i) To study the situation at home and abroad on

agricultural development outside the city, to find theoretical and practical gaps for further clarification; (ii) To systematize and clarify the rationale for agricultural development in suburban districts, including: concepts, characteristics, roles, contents, indicators and means of measuring development suburban agriculture;

(iii) Research, identification of factors affecting agricultural development in the suburbs; (iv) Study of international and local experiences on agricultural development in the suburbs; draw lessons for Hanoi's agricultural development; (v) Analyze and evaluate the current status of agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi to clarify the achievements and constraints; difficulties and obstacles to the development of agriculture outside of Hanoi; (vi) Suggesting directions and solutions to promote agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi in the coming time

3 Objective and scope of the dissertation

3.1 Objective of the dissertation

The research subject of the thesis is agricultural development in suburban districts of Hanoi, focusing on fields of cultivation and animal husbandry

3.2 Research scope

- Contents: The dissertation will study and clarify theoretical and practical issues of agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi, focusing on the following topics: (1) The growth of agriculture suburbs; (2) shift the structure of rural agriculture towards sustainability; (3) Improve the efficiency of suburban agriculture Based on that, identify the main orientations and solutions to promote the development of suburban agriculture in the coming time

- Regarding the space: The thesis on the survey of agricultural development situation in 17 suburban districts of Hanoi, in which some suburban districts represent the three sub-ecological regions (hilly areas, delta areas and regions riparian areas) and the extent of the impact of urbanization Particularly, based on surveys and surveys of the author and the Institute for Socio-Economic Development in Hanoi, the dissertation focuses on Soc Son, Dong Anh, Gia Lam, Hoai Duc, Phuc Tho districts , Ba Vi, Ung Hoa and Phu Xuyen

- Regarding the time: The dissertation will study and survey the realities of agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi in the period from 2008 to 2016 and propose solutions for agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi to

The dissertation on selective research related research has been published by some authors on agricultural development in general, agriculture in the suburbs in

particular international and domestic experience; At the same time, to directly conduct surveys and surveys in order to realize the set objectives and tasks

- Analytical and synthesis method: This method is used mainly in evaluating the realities of agricultural development in suburban districts of Hanoi (Chapter 3)

- Statistical and comparative methods are used in the assessment of the situation in Chapter 3

- The method of induction and interpretation is used to clarify some basic issues of suburban agricultural development

- The method of sociological survey is based on surveys and surveys by the author and the Institute for Socio-Economic Development in Hanoi

In the survey of the Institute of Socio-Economic Development in Hanoi, there are 03 subjects, including 01: Households and individuals; Form 02: Enterprises, cooperatives, farms; Form 03: Managers at provincial, district, town and commune level, in 06 selected districts, as well as in Ha Noi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development The questionnaire was obtained, after the cleaning test, to remove the inappropriate votes Data aggregation and processing

of questionnaires using specialized software SPSS The dissertation uses part of the results obtained to refer more about the status quo, as well as to be part of the basis for solutions to promote agricultural development outside the city

In the survey, survey and in-depth interview of the author, in Soc Son, Dong Anh and Phu Xuyen districts, one sample of questionnaires (households and individuals) were selected for the survey comparison form, confirming the results

of the study The author has investigated 250 households and individuals, but in the process of processing data, many of the votes were not used because they did not provide a full answer As a result, the questionnaires were not cleaned before the recall, so the authors did not use the SPSS model, but used statistical methods

to analyze the data However, the author argues that, with respect to the scope and scope of the survey, the survey sample data are representative and reliable for comparison and clarification Research results, reflecting the real situation of agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi

- Using the SWOT matrix used to analyze and evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, challenges and opport unities for agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi as a basis for the orientation and solutions to promote development Suburban agriculture next time

5 New contributions of the dissertation

The dissertation is a combination of theoretical and practical research, based on systematization, clarifying the rationale for suburban agriculture development to assess the current situation and propose major solutions to promote agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi after the 2008-2016 study period, vision to 2050

6 Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

- Reason: The research results of the dissertation contribute to further clarify

the theory of suburban agriculture and suburban agriculture development

- In practice: The results of the thesis contribute to promoting agricultural

development in the suburbs of Hanoi in the coming time At the same time, the dissertation is a good reference source for research work and teaching at economic training institutions

7 Structure of the dissertation

Apart from the introduction, conclusion, reference materials and appendix, the content of the thesis consists of 4 chapters, 10 periods

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THEMES

1.1 RESEARCH WORKS IN AND OUTSIDE COUNTRY CONCERNING PROJECT THESIS

1.1.1 Some studies on the role of agricultural development in suburban areas

This study was coined by J.H.Von Thunen (1826) in "The Isolated State with Respect to Agriculture and Political Economy"; the author of Nugent (2000),

"The Impact of Urban Agriculture on Households and Local Economies"; FAO (2007) in the study "Profitability and sustainability of urban and peri-urban agriculture"; the author of Pham Sy Liem (2009) in "Urban agriculture in the planning of Hanoi"; Nguyen Van Toan (2010) in "Land Use in Hanoi Sustainable"; Nguyen Dang Nghia and Mai Thanh Phung (2011) in "Urban and Suburban Agriculture"; the author Ho Cao Viet (2013) in "The Scientific Basis of Forms of Urban Agriculture Development and Application in the Mekong Delta"; The GSRD Foundation, the Asia Foundation and the Vietnam Urban Planning Association (2016) with the document "Development of suburban agriculture towards a better life for the people"; Works: "Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities" by Smith J., Ratta A., Nase J (1996) ); "Urban agriculture: definition, presence, potentials and risks" by Mougeot J.A (1999); "The Special Program for Food Security: Urban and Periurban Agriculture" by FAO (2001) The Works Clarifying the Role of Suburban Agriculture for cities; create more jobs for family labor; Ensure livelihood security as well as land asset security; improving the living standards of urban people

1.1.2 Studies on the form of suburban agricultural development

This study was conducted by J.H.Von Thunen (1826); Authors such as Sinclair (1967), Boal (1970), Bryant (1973) in their studies have shown that a common feature of suburban agriculture (or urban agriculture) often develops into rings Green surrounds the city The author Cao Cao Viet (2013, by Tran Quoc Viet (2014) in "Forms of urban agricultural land organization in Ho Chi Minh City

- Analysis from the perspective of economic geography and ecology"

It has also identified the basis for the formation of the agricultural belt of cities, including Ho Chi Minh City

In addition, many in-depth studies on agricultural development in the ecological direction of Pham Van Khoi (2004) in the study "Agricultural development in the suburbs of Hanoi in the direction of agricultural students "; Le Quy Don (2005) with the theme "Scientific basis for agricultural development towards urban eco-agriculture and rural modernization in Hanoi 2006-2010"; Author Vu Xuan De (2006) in the study "Studying the development of appropriate agro-ecological models in the process of industrialization - modernization and urbanization in Ho Chi Minh City"; author Le Van Tho (2012) in the thesis

urban-"Research on agricultural development in Thai Nguyen city towards ecological urbanization"; the topic "Research on the development of urban eco-agriculture in Hai Phong city" conducted by the People's Committee of Hai Phong city (2007); Some solutions for agricultural development, rural suburban of Ho Chi Minh City

on the basis of combining high technology and ecological fit "by author Dinh Son Hung (2003)

1.1.3 Studies on the impact of urbanization on suburban agriculture

By Ramankutty N., Foley J., Olejniczak N (2000) "People on the land: Changes in global population and croplands during the 20th century" Cultivation

in the 20th century); By Rigg, Jonathan (2005) in the study "Poverty and livelihoods after full-time farming: a Southeast Asian view" (Poverty and livelihoods after full-time farming: a Southeast Asian perspective); Authors Michael Spence, Patricia Clarke, Annez and Robert M Buckley (2010) with the study "Urbanization and Growth"; The author Nguyen Tiep (2005) in the study

"Rural suburban human resources in the urbanization process in Hanoi"; the author Pham Sy Liem (2009); The author "Nguyen Thi Thom, Charcoal Hang" (2010) with the project "Creating jobs for agricultural labor in the process of urbanization"; author Nguyen Thi Hai Van (2013) in his book "Urbanization and Employment in the Suburbs of Hanoi"; The author Tran Thi Minh Phuong (2015) with the thesis "Solutions to create jobs for rural workers in Hanoi in the context

of urbanization" has clarified the impact of urbanization and economic growth This will lead to land reclamation from agriculture to non-agricultural areas such

as housing, industrial zones, etc., which will affect the employment and life of suburban residents

1.1.4 Studies on the experience of agricultural development outside the city

By Mark Redwood (2012) in "Agriculture in urban planning: livelihoods and food security"; author David Mason (2006) with the work "Urban Agriculture"; author Le Quoc Doanh (2004) with the theme "Research on Scientific Foundations and Economic and Technical Solutions for Agricultural Development in the Peri-urban Area of Hanoi"; The author Tran Hoi Sinh (2006) with the study "Labor restructuring in five suburban districts of Ho Chi Minh City

in the process of urbanization - current situation and solutions"; The author Tran Thi Hong Viet (2006) with the thesis "The main economic solutions to shift the economic structure of agriculture outside Hanoi into the direction of ecological agriculture"; GSRD Foundation, Asia Foundation and Urban Planning Association

of Vietnam (2016); The author Hoang Thi Ngoc Anh (2016) in "The bright spot of urban agriculture development in Hai Phong" has clarified the reality of agricultural development in cities around the world, especially in developing countries such as Zimbabwe, Ghana, Peru, Congo, Singapore; In Vietnam, it is clear that the contributions of agriculture to food security, livelihoods and health

of workers are reflected At the same time, clearly defined policies, capital are conditions for development of suburban agriculture

1.2 GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO DOCTORAL DISCUSSIONS AND PROBLEMS NEEDED FOR RESEARCH

1.2.1 General assessment

From the overview of the study of urban agriculture in general, agriculture

in the suburbs in particular, showed that there are many scholars interested in studying this issue from different perspectives and aspects: i) Some studies have initially clarified the role of urban or suburban agriculture in providing fresh food and food; create jobs, ensure social security, regulate the living environment; It also points out the competitive advantages of suburban agriculture; ii) Some studies highlight green belts as a feature of suburban agriculture; At the same time, expressing the close assessment and evaluation of the process of agricultural development in the suburbs; iii) Some research projects on agricultural development in the suburbs in some cities and abroad, focusing on urban-ecological agriculture, restructuring agricultural sector; restructuring labor

However, there are no research results that have a systematic theoretical and practical in the affected area as outside the city of Hanoi

1.2.2 Thesis issues need to be addressed

On the basis of inheriting and receiving the results of these researches, with the

"gap" pointed out, the dissertation topic will focus on clarifying the following issues:

- Theoretical: The thesis clarifies the basis of agricultural development in the suburbs, focusing on some basic contents as follows: i) Clarify the nature of agricultural development in the suburbs; ii) Analysis of characteristics and role of

agricultural development in the suburbs; iii) Identify and analyze clearly the contents and indicators of agricultural development in suburban districts; iv) Analysis of factors affecting agricultural development in the suburbs

- Practically:

The dissertation focuses on analyzing and evaluating some contents from the suburban agricultural development, such as: i) Analysis and assessment of domestic and foreign experiences on agricultural development in the suburbs; draw lessons for agricultural development outside of Hanoi; ii) Analysis and assessment of the status of agricultural development in suburban districts of Hanoi, achievements, constraints and causes; iii) Study and propose orientations and solutions to promote agricultural development in suburban districts of Hanoi

in the coming time

Chapter 2 RULE AND PRACTICE FOR FOREIGN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

2.1 CONCEPTS, CHARACTERISTICS AND ROLE OF FOREIGN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

2.1.1 Concept

2.1.1.1 Agricultural concept

The thesis is consistent with the notion: "Agriculture is one of the important material production sectors of the national economy Agricultural activities are not only linked to socio-economic factors but also to natural factors Agriculture in the broad sense includes: cultivation, livestock, forestry and fisheries "in Agricultural Economics - theory and practice, author Dinh Phi Ho

2.1.1.2 The concept of suburban agriculture

On the basis of inheriting the rational factors in the concept of "urban agriculture," the thesis author said that suburban agriculture is a part of urban agriculture, with suburban areas, far capital; integrate with the ecosystem and closely related to the socio-economic development, industrialization and urbanization of an urban

2.1.1.3 The concept of agricultural development outside the city

On the basis of inheriting the rational factors in the concept of agricultural development outside the city (or urban agriculture, suburban agriculture) is the sustainable development on the basis of harmonious combination of three factors: economic, environmental and social, other concepts of agricultural development, from the perspective of economic development, the author of the thesis that: Development of suburban agriculture is the process of change in quantity The production and efficiency of the agricultural sector is closely linked to the socio-economic development of the peri-urban area and the restructuring of the

agricultural economy in the suburbs in a sustainable manner in order to build a modern agriculture , high technology application

2.1.2 Key features of suburban agricultural development

Apart from the general characteristics of agricultural development, the development of suburban agriculture is characterized by the following characteristics: i) Development of suburban agriculture to meet the agricultural products needs of the city; ii) Development of suburban agriculture associated with urban development and green belt development; iii) Development of suburban agriculture in the context of reduced land area due to urbanization and industrialization; iv) Development of suburban agriculture in the condition that agricultural labor moves to non-agricultural occupations; v) The development of suburban agriculture directly affects the situation of socio-political stability in the out-of-urban areas

2.1.3 The role of agricultural development in the suburbs

The basic role of suburban agricultural development, including: i) development of suburban agriculture contributes to the economic growth of the city; ii) Development of suburban agriculture contributes to rural economic restructuring in a sustainable manner; iii) Development of suburban agriculture contributes to labor restructuring, job creation, income generation and livelihood

of suburban farmers; iv) The development of suburban agriculture contributes to creating a green belt for the city

2.2 CONTENT, INDICATORS, METHODS OF EVALUATION AND FACTORS TO IMPROVE FOREIGN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

2.2.1 Content of agricultural development outside the city

2.2.1.1 Growth of suburban agriculture

Just like agricultural development in general, the growth of agriculture is a factor of suburban agricultural development Suburban agricultural growth is the increase in agricultural output or gross output of goods and services that primarily serves the needs of urban dwellers in a given period (usually one year) The increase

is shown by the scale and speed of development Scale - reflects the increase more or less; speed - is used with relative comparisons and reflects a rapid or slow increase, whether stable or not, increased by scale expansion, or by improved productivity in agriculture between periods development of suburban agriculture

2.2.1.2 Shift the agricultural structure of the suburbs towards sustainability

The structure of agriculture in general, the structure of agriculture in the suburbs in particular represents the development of an agricultural economy, so the shift of suburban agriculture structure towards sustainable is the change in the right coin the components of the production base to ensure the high growth,

continuity and stability in the long term This is a change in quality, indicating the level of agricultural development suburban in a certain period

2.2.1.3 Improve the efficiency of agricultural production outside the city

Suburban agricultural development should bring socio-economic and environmental efficiency to suburban rural areas, with a focus on improving labor productivity; restructuring of labor associated with job creation, improving living standards, income for suburban farmers, compatible with increasing urbanization and building new beautiful rich countryside

2.2.2 Targets and methods for measuring the development of suburban agriculture

2.2.2.1 Target to assess the growth of agriculture

- The scale of agricultural growth is an indicator of the increase in the number of small or large scale production or business activities in the suburbs in a given period of time (usually one year) This indicator also identifies the role and role of suburban agricultural production in the socio-economic structure, through the share of the agricultural GDP of the city

- Growth rates are used with relative comparisons and reflect a rapid or slow increase between periods This is a very important indicator showing the dynamics

of growth, the increase and the change in the volume of agricultural production outside the city

- The value of agricultural production also reflects the results of production and business activities of suburban agriculture (created in the form of material products and services in a given period, usually one year) The value of agricultural production also determines the structure, growth rate, economic efficiency and location of the suburban agriculture of the city

2.2.2.2 Targets and modalities of agricultural sector restructuring

- Trends in restructuring:

The tendency of agricultural restructuring is assessed by changing the proportion of production values of sectors over a certain period of time (usually one year) This is an important indicator to determine the process of structural change of the agricultural sector The tendency to change the proportion of production value across sectors is the basis for assessing the appropriateness of the transition between structural change and the process of industrialization, modernization and urbanization

- The rate of structural shift:

To evaluate the rate of sectoral restructuring, the commonly used method is the vector method This method quantifies the level of translation between two periods t0 and t1 by the following formula:

Inside: Si (t0), Si (t1) is the proportion of

i in the base period and the study period; is the angle formed by the two structural vectors

n

i

i i

t S t

S

t S t S Cos

1

2 0

2 1

1 0

)()

(

)()(



S (t0) and S (t1), the larger the cos thì, the closer and closer the structures are

2.2.2.3 Target to evaluate effectiveness in agricultural development

The value generated (in cash) / land area is an indicator of the effectiveness

of agricultural production and the ability to increase productivity by research and application of scientific and technological advances to production, business In addition, the indicator group shifted the structure of labor, creating jobs in agriculture and the group of indicators assessing the increase of income and life of suburban farmers

2.2.3 Factors affecting the development of suburban agriculture

Agricultural development in the suburbs is influenced by many factors, from natural resources (land, water), labor, capital, science and technology, policies to the market Knitting factors It also impels the development of suburban agriculture Therefore, along with the identification of factors affecting the development of suburban agriculture, it is necessary to actively respond to promote the development

of suburban agriculture in a modern and sustainable manner

2.3 EXTERNAL EXPERIENCES ON FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR HANOI CITY

From the experiences of suburban agricultural development in Taipei, Bangkok, Thailand and Ho Chi Minh City, lessons can be learned in Hanoi including: , the role of suburban agricultural development, the state attaches great importance to the implementation of appropriate macro strategies and policies, creating a legal framework for agricultural development; To formulate plannings and plans on development of suburban agriculture attached to the market; promote the mobilization and efficient use of resources; To attach importance to the application of advanced science and technology to production; To build and develop hi-tech agriculture; Developing forms of organization and linking production along the value chain

Chapter 3 SITUATION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

IN HANOI FOREIGN DISTRICT

3.1 NATURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HANOI FOREIGN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

3.1.1 Natural condition

3.1.1.1 Geographical location

Hanoi is the capital, the heart of the whole country, the center of the Northern key economic region, therefore, Hanoi has an inter-regional impact, acting as a bridge and supplying goods This is important among provinces and cities in the region and the whole country Therefore, Hanoi has many advantages

and opportunities in exploiting and developing competitive commodities, including many agricultural products

3.1.1.2 Climate, water source and hydrological regime

In general, the climate, water source and hydrographic regime in the suburbs

of Hanoi are suitable for the development of tropical and temperate crops and forests and ecosystems However, pollution from agricultural production, domestic waste is threatening the development of agriculture outside the city

3.1.2 Social and economic conditions

3.1.2.1 Economic conditions

In the process of industrialization and modernization, Hanoi is developing in the direction of reducing the proportion of agriculture, increasing the share of industry and services, but agriculture still plays an important role, contributing significantly to To perform important socio-political and social tasks of the Capital However, the human resources in rural suburban areas are plentiful but their quality is not high, so they limit the laborers to apply science and technology

to production or shift to other industries and services

3.1.2.2 About population, labor and employment

According to the Hanoi Statistical Year Book, in 2016, the population of the capital is 7,582.3 thousand; The suburban area of Hanoi is abundant in human resources for agricultural development, and a source of human resources for the socio-economic development of the city However, due to the urbanization process with good job opportunities, income, living conditions and good education, migration from suburban areas and other provinces and cities in the Red River Delta to Hanoi This is a big pressure on all sides for the capital Moreover, the quality of labor in agriculture and rural areas has not met the requirements, with many interventions in the process of industrialization and modernization in the context of industrial revolution 4.0 so the development The application of scientific and technological advances to agricultural development is limited

3.1.2.3 On infrastructure

Hanoi has a more developed and developed infrastructure system than many other localities in the Red River Delta; To meet the demand for agriculture and contribute to changing the rural face of suburban districts, improving and raising the living standards of the people in this area Although infrastructure development is quite synchronous, these do not meet the foundation for agricultural commodity development

3.2 PATTERNS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HANOI FOREIGN DISTRICT PERIOD 2008 - 2016

3.2.1 Situation of agricultural growth in suburban districts

In the past, due to the urbanization process, agricultural land in the suburbs

of Hanoi has tended to decrease, and is continuously affected by natural calamities and epidemics However, the scale and rate of GDP growth of Hanoi's suburban agriculture has increased steadily over the past years The value of agricultural,