Based on theoretical and practical issues, this study aims to give the best solutions as well as make further suggestions for developing and improving the policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs. To achieve mentioned objectives, this research attempts to review literature on a policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs, study international experiences and the current status of meeting social needs level in HE in Vietnam, as well as explore policy state that has a supportive role to ensure that the universities in Vietnam provide their educational services based on social needs. A review of literature of this study reveals both positive and negative points to provide a basis for giving the most effective solutions, making suggestions to improve the policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs by the year of 2025 until 2030 and the next years.
Trang 2Ha Noi 2018The study has been completed at: Thuongmai University
Venue: ………Time: ………
2
Trang 3National Library of VietnamLibrary of Thuongmai University
Trang 41. “Developing Current Teaching Staff in Vietnam: Situation and Solutions”,
Economy and Forecast Review, vol. 12/2012 (524).
2 “Developing Teaching Staff under “Training for Social Demands””,
Conference proceedings “Current World Context and Issues on Vietnam”, Program of KX 04/1115, Statelevel project, Center for
5 “Internal Factors Affecting the Development of University Education
Services for Social Demands”, Journal of Science and Technology,
University of Thai Nguyen, vol. 156, ed. 11, 2016
6 “Enhancing Accountability of Public Universities in Reforming
Performance under Resolution No 77/NQCP”, National conference
proceeding “University training management in Autonomy”, National
10. “Improving University Training Quality of Human Resources to Meet the
Requirements of Industry 4.0”, International conference proceeding
“Industrial Revolution 4.0: Opportunities and Challenges to Economic Development in”, Thuongmai University, Hue College of Economics,
Haiphong University, University of Toulon, France, Lunghwa University
of Science and Technology, Taiwan, 2018
Trang 51. Rationale of the study
The Higher education (HE) plays a decisive role in the development of high quality human resources However, today, with the expansion of globalization and the advancement of science, the HE in many countries is facing a number of challenges. The positive effects of Vietnam's HE development have played a very important role in the development of human resources at the university level, thereby contributing to the country's industrialization and modernization (industrialization and modernization), socioeconomic development (SEDP), and improvement in people’s living standards. However, such a rapid growth has not met the social needs yet. In fact, the published studies indicate that the HE in Vietnam hardly meets or just meets the minimum social requirements due to a wide range of reasons. It is possible that this limitation is caused by the HE system and other objective reasons
The subject who provides HE services may be the universities which are known as the HE institutions which have many difficulties in identifying the social needs for higher education in relation to their mission and their objectives. Moreover, although the universities identify educational needs, it is difficult to make the HE meet social needs. For this reason, the universities must have a link with the employers. Nevertheless, the association between the universities and employers in the HE in Vietnam is still limited. Therefore, it is quite challenging for the universities in Vietnam to implement the social needs.
It was found that such limitations could result from the history of Vietnam's HE development in the econometric economic mechanism
Since the resolution on the basic and comprehensive renovation of Vietnam's
HE in a period of 20062020, Vietnam's HE has increasingly developed towards actively removing the imprint of economic planning, enhancing adaptability to the market economy, scientific and technological revolutions, and opening up and international integration In this view, the universities are gradually expanded autonomy associated with the implementation of accountability. As a result, the universities are increasingly operating in the same way as service providers, including training services
Trang 6There have been a number of studies related to the HE and the policy of HE based on social needs, etc Previous studies have contributed to the interpretation of theoretical issues as well as giving solutions to the development of higher education, pointing out the contributions as well as the issues of higher education development institutions in Vietnam in various aspects which could provide a basis for giving more effective solutions.
Several studies on the policy of HE Vietnam based on social needs were done
in previous years. However, today, due to the rapid change in the HE, it is important for the universities to provide HE services based on social needs; for example, business organizations can provide the commodity and service under the marketing regulation. Thus, there is a need to further research and provide the most effective educational policy of HE that could meet the requirements of the development of HE in Vietnam In this regard, the government should monitor the universities and support the policy of HE to help the universities in Vietnam to complete their missions to meet social needs.
There have need a number of studies on the policy of HE to help the universities in Vietnam to complete their missions based on social needs. However, within the scope of the thesis in the field of economic management, this research emphasizes on “Improving completion in government policies on social needoriented training at higher education Institutions (HEIs) in Vietnam”
2. Research objectives
Based on theoretical and practical issues, this study aims to give the best solutions as well as make further suggestions for developing and improving the policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs To achieve mentioned objectives, this research attempts to review literature on a policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs, study international experiences and the current status of meeting social needs level in HE in Vietnam, as well as explore policy state that has a supportive role to ensure that the universities in Vietnam provide their educational services based on social needs. A review of literature
of this study reveals both positive and negative points to provide a basis for giving the most effective solutions, making suggestions to improve the policy
Trang 73. Subjects and scope of research
Research subjects
The subjects of this research are theoretical and practical issues about educational policy of the universities in Vietnam based on social needs
Research scope
Content: This research limits studying theories and assessing the current status
of relevance as well as explore the impact of educational policy in HE that plays a key role in supporting, promoting and assuring the universities in Vietnam by providing educational services based on social needs, namely: (1) policy of educational development, the identification of enrollment criteria of the universities associated with social needs; (2) policy of capacity development
of the universities based on social needs; (3) policy of alliance and collaboration development between the universities and employers (enterprises are representatives); (4) policy for learners; (5) policy of the implementation of accountability of universities. However, this research limits studying policy that plays the most important role in HE in Vietnam based on social needs. Moreover, it limits studying policy that has an impact on the system of universities as well as studying other stakeholders nationwide. Noticeably, it only studies social needs for university training in three basic aspects of scale, structure of training majors and quality of higher education. It also aims to study the evaluation of policy content based on the most appropriate criteria. It finally aims to evaluate the impacts of policy of the universities through the impact criteria of education based on social needs
Secondary data is collected from documents published in a period of 20072017, updated to 2018, whereas primary data is collected from documents published between March, 2017 and midNovember, 2017; aiming to focus on the proposed solutions and proposals by the year of 2025 until 2030 and the next years
Trang 8The subject of this research includes the universities and HE institutes in Vietnam (excluding security universities, military universities, and international universities).
4. Research questions
Based on the above research objectives, the key research questions of this research are addressed as follows:
RQ1: What is the theoretical framework of policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs?
RQ2: What ate international experiences in policy of HE based on social needs?
RQ3: How do universities in Vietnam provide educational services based on social needs?
RQ4: How does the educational policy of Vietnam ensure the appropriateness and impact of education of the universities in Vietnam based on social needs?RQ5: From the educational perspective based on social needs, what are the advantages, the drawbacks and causes of educational policy of Vietnam?
RQ6: What should we do to improve educational policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs?
5. The contributions of this thesis
This thesis has the greatest following contributions
In terms of theoretical aspects: It summarizes and clarifies the theoretical issues of education of HE in Vietnam based on social needs. It attempts to analyze, clarify and define the concept of educational policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs In particular, it analyzes, clarifies and defines the necessity of implementation of educational policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs, and followed by the analysis of important factors of educational policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs. This thesis presents the process
of education in HE in Vietnam based on social needs. It also presents a brief summary of summary and explains the theoretical issues of educational policy
of HE in Vietnam based on social needs. It then analyzes and clarifies the role
of policy that has an impact on the system of universities. It also presents policy that plays a key role in supporting, promoting for assuring the universities in Vietnam to provide educational services based on social needs. It
Trang 9on social needs as well as identifies the criteria used in the policy assessment
HE in Vietnam based on social needs.
In terms of practical aspects: These theses studied the experiences of some countries, the current situation and then make conclusions as well as assess the policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs. It also clarifies the strengths, limitations, and causes that contribute to the modification or confirmation of previously published research results in the new contexts. This has contributed
to the establishment of a scientific basis for giving solutions and making recommendations to improve the educational policy of HE in Vietnam, thereby contributing to the support, promotion and assurance of the education of universities in Vietnam based on social needs.
Chapter 3 describes the current status of the educational policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs.
Chapter 4 provides some solutions and presents further recommendations of improving the educational policy of HE in Vietnam based on social needs.
Trang 101.1. Literature Review of Previous Studies
1.1.1. Studies on social needs for higher education and Social needoriented
higher education
There have been several studies on university training and other aspects of university training development including social needs for university training and training for social demands. The authors have analysed and presented some theoretical and practical issues on social needs for university training and training for social demands and business demands; situations of university training in local, regional and national level They then proposed some assessment on the advantages and limitations of university training in relation with social needs. Most studies generally concluded that university training in Vietnam has yet to fully meet social needs for various reasons. Based on the findings, researchers made some recommendations on improving the quality of university training to meet social demands. Those studies are significant for the dissertation to build the theoretical background, analyse and evaluate the situation of different aspects in university training for social demands and policies on university training for social demands in Vietnam
1.1.2 Studies on government policies on Social needoriented higher
education
A number of studies have been conducted on policies on developing university training system and aspects of university training development. They applied different approaches including theoretical and practical analyses as the ground for suggested solutions. Almost none of them looked into the issue of university training for social demands. However, they provided the ground and information to form the theoretical background to determine the conclusions on policies related to university training for social demands as presented in the dissertation. Some research on policies on university training for or to meet social demands analysed theoretical and practical issues on university training for social demands as well as related state policies. It is noted that they were all conducted a long time ago including one on college training from the perspective of education management. However, some of their findings are still
Trang 111.1.3. Conclusions from previous studies and research gap
From the previous studies, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The development of university training for or to meet social demands in Vietnam has drawn the attention of individuals and organizations Various studies have presented different views on university training for social demands, the affecting factors as well as the situation and solutions for university training for social demands in Vietnam. However, there has yet to be
a systematic research on state policies as a tool to motivate and ensure universities to train for social demands; (2) Some research studied policies on developing university training as a system on national, local, public and nonpublic areas. Some studied the state administration and management policies on university training with different aspects of its development, in which it is commonly accepted that the state need to eliminate its direct intervention in the performance of universities for their autonomy. However, they hardly studied university training for social demands; (3) State policies on university training development were studied in doctorate dissertations from such perspectives as political economy, education management, public administration management, Theory and history of State and law, economic management, etc. with specific topics on different aspects of university training development. Among those, there has not been any dissertation on policies on university training for social demands with the economic management approach; (4) There is a doctorate study on state policies on university training for social demands, but it studied the issue at college level from the approach of education management. One studied the supporting mechanism for university training for social demand whose actual focus is on the supporting policies. However, it was conducted in
2010 when university education in Vietnam was far different from now; (5) There has yet to be any research on public policies in relation with the university training for social demands in Vietnam from the economic management approach in which universities can be seen as an autonomous service provider and the state as a stakeholder with the issuance of policies to support and ensure universities to training for social demands
The dissertation adopted the findings from some published studies to form
Trang 12the theoretical background for the analysis and assessment of the situation, then suggest some recommendations on completing policies on university training for social demands in Vietnam.
Trang 131.2.1. Research framework
Trang 141.2.2.1. Research methodology and approach
The dissertation takes the view of dialectical materialism and historical materialism with the systematic approach under economic management major. Accordingly, universities are seen as the autonomous service provider; the state serves as the policy maker to support, motivate and ensure universities to provide training services to meet social demands
1.2.2.2. Data collection
Secondary data: The dissertation mostly uses secondary data from some course books on policies and public policies, specialized books on public policies, issues on university education, published doctorate dissertations related to university education, its policies, ministrylevel science projects, journal articles; official state documents; and statistics from reports
Primary data: The author collected primary data by questionnaires. Questionnaires were designed with both closed and open questions. Most of them are closed with a few open questions for additional information. Data from survey questionnaires was collected in two stages, i.e. Pretest and official survey. The respondents are divided into such groups as university leaders (214 respondents with 115 valid questionnaires); employers of university graduates (378 respondents with 232 valid questionnaires); learners (258 valid questionnaires). The questionnaires use Likert 5point scale as follows:
Trang 15EXPERIENCE IN POLICIES ON UNIVERSITY TRAINING FOR
SOCIAL DEMANDS2.1. Social needoriented Training at Higher Education Institutions
2.1.1. Definitions
2.1.1.1. University
The dissertation uses the concept “university” as the higher education institution defined in 2012 Law on Higher Education [1] and 2014 Law on Vocational Education [2] issued by the National Assembly. In the dissertation, the terms of university and higher education institution are interchangeably used with the same concept. However, the above laws have not clearly defined higher education institution or university, but only listed different types of universities Besides, within the scope of university level, higher education institutions or universities as stated in the dissertation are classified as universities, academies; local universities and national universities
2.1.1.2. Education and university education
Among various definitions of training, the dissertation defines education as
“the development of capacity in professional knowledge, skills and attitudes of
learners, university training is conducted by universities including university and higher education level (master and doctorate)” The dissertation sets the
scope of study in university training.
2.1.1.3. Social needs for university education
In order to answer such questions as Whose are social needs for university education? and What are their needs for university education?, the dissertation
adopts the concept of social needs for university education as “the relevance
between the needs of learners, employers and the State for the scale, structure and quality of university education as well as its outcomes (graduates) in the certain socioeconomic context.” The dissertation sees social needs for
university education as a single unit combining the needs of learners, employers and the State in terms of scale, structure and quality
2.1.1.4. Social needoriented Training at Higher Education Institutions
Among several different concepts, the dissertation adopts the definition of