The thesis examines and assesses the positive and negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security, points out the causes and contradictions that need to be addressed from the status of the impact of foreign investment. to economic security in Vietnam. Proposing views and solutions to promote positive impacts, limit negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam in the near future.
Trang 11. Rationale for the study
In 1987, the National Assembly promulgated the Law on Foreign Investment in Vietnam, effective from January 1, 1988. Over the past 30 years, attracting and using FI in Vietnam, on the one hand, FI has made important contributions to the socioeconomic development, contributing to the improvement of the market economy institution, improving business investment environment, developing foreign relations, cooperation, international integration, ensuring national security and enhancing our country's reputation and position in the international arena. The reality of the past 30 years also shows that FI has always played a role as one of the important components, a driving force in the development of the economy towards industrialization and modernization. With US $ 184 billion out of a total of US $ 334 billion disbursed in 30 years, FI has added
an important capital source to the total social investment capital contributing to the formation of some key industries of the economy such as oil and gas, telecommunications, electricity, electronics ; FI contributes to the development of many high quality services such as finance banking, insurance, auditing, legal consultancy, shipping, logistics, education training, health, tourism ; transferring agricultural structure, improving the value of export agricultural products, expanding export markets, promoting the transformation of export commodity structure and gradually bringing Vietnam to join production networks and global value chains. On the other hand, FI
in Vietnam has also caused certain adverse impacts on socioeconomy in general and economic security in particular. First of all, the spreading effect of the linkage between the foreign invested sector and the domestic sector is still limited, the productivity is not high and there are signs of encroachment. Technology transfer has not achieved the expected results The investment proportion of transnational corporations (TNCs) is still low; Investments from the United States and the EU into Vietnam are not commensurate with the potential Some foreign investment projects have not strictly complied with the provisions of the law on environmental protection. There is still a situation where foreigninvested enterprises use old
Trang 2generation machines and equipment which are not suitable and cause environmental pollution. In particular, there have been a number of projects causing serious environmental pollution Some foreigninvested enterprises violate the law, declaring false losses and true profits, seeking ways to transfer prices regularly and very sophisticatedly to avoid taxes, causing great losses to the state budget. In fact, many Vietnamese enterprises have to withdraw from joint ventures, enterprises to become 100% foreign capital The dispute of labour contracts, benefits leading to the situation that strikes in foreign invested enterprises tend to increase, causing social instability In some cases, the attraction of foreign investors has not been fully calculated, all elements related to national defense and security have not been thoroughly considered.
In the open trend of integration, attracting foreign investment, the special attention of the countries to the economic benefits and national economic security makes the issue of economic security become an important factor, having an important impact not only on the NS but also on regional and international security. Meanwhile, the awareness about the threats of national economic security due to the impact of foreign investment in Vietnam is still inadequate and has not kept up with the rapid development of the situation, especially the issues of Finance Security, Food Security and Energy Security. We still have gaps in the strategy of attracting and using foreign investment in state management and national security ensure in general and economic security in particular
Theories and practices of the impact of FI on countries receiving investment in many fields, especially economic security, have attracted the research interest of many scientists in different angles, different areas and achieved certain results. However, until now, there has not been any research project that fully and systematically studies the impact of FI on economic security in Vietnam from the perspective of political and economic science, the requirement is to continue to clarify the theory and practice of the above issue, thereby propose points of view and solutions to promote positive impacts, limit negative impacts of FI on economic security
in Vietnam. In that sense, the author chooses the topic "The impact of
Trang 3foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam" as his
* Tasks:
Giving an overview of research situation related to the thesis.Building theoretical foundations about the impact of FI on ES; indicating the concepts, contents of the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam
Investigating, assessing the current situation of negative and positive effects of FI on ES, pointing the causes and issues need dealing with from the current situation of impact of FI on ES in Vietnam
Proposing viewpoints and solutions to promoting positive effects and limiting the negative ones of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come
* Practical basis: The thesis is conducted by making
surveys, analysing, assessing and sintering the actual situation of different cities and provinces in the country dealing with the impact of
FI on ES in recent years; consulting the data and findings of the foreign and domestic researches published previously; reports of the Government, instructions and directives of different branches, Ministries and People’s Committees in the country related to the study
Trang 4materialism and historical materialism, combined with the use of methods of analysis and synthesis; history and logic; generalization and abstraction; sociological investigation methods to fulfil the purposes and tasks of the dissertation
5. New contributions of the thesis
The thesis builds up its own concept and interprets different contents and influential factors of FI on ES in Vietnam
The analyses and assesses the current situation of positive and negative impact of FI on ES in Vietnam in the 2011 2018 period, identifying the causes and five urgent issues need addressing regarding
to the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam
Base on the practical and theoretical basis, the causes and rising issues, the study proposes four viewpoints and five solutions to promoting the positive effects and limiting negative ones of FI on ES
in Vietnam in the time to come
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis The thesis contributes to clarify some practical and theoretical basis about the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam. The findings
of the thesis serve as practical and theoretical basis for references for different departments in giving directions to attract FI and ensure ES in Vietnam today. The dissertation it can be used as references researching and teaching related to the impact of FI on ES in Vietnam
7. Structure of the thesis
The thesis includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (9 periods), Conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the dissertation, list of references and Appendices
Chapter 1OVERVIEW OF THE THESISRELATED RESEARCH
SITUATION1.1. The foreign works related to the thesis
1.1.1. The works on security and economic security
“The link between economics, stability and security in a transforming economy” by Katarzyna Zukrowska (1999); Report of a
Trang 5workshop organized by the Institute of Defence and Strategic
Studies (IDSS) (2003), “Globalization and Economic Security in East Asia Governance and Institutions; “Economic security in an era of globalization: definition and provision” by Miles Kahler (2004);
“Some Opinions on the Relation between Security Economy and Economic Security” by Valeriu Ioan Franc (2010); “Globalization, security, and economic wellbeing” by Stephen M.Carmel (2013).
1.1.2. The works on international trade, foreign investment and impacts of security on foreign investment
“Analysing the impact of foreign direct investment on the development of domestic firms” by Salvador Barrios, Holger Gorg, Eric Albert Strobl (2004); “Foreign direct investment in Africa: The role of natural resources, market size, government policy, intuitions and political instability” by Asiedu (2006); “The Interplay between Foreign Direct Investment, Security and European Integration: The Case of the Central and Eastern European Countries” by Carmen Raluca Stoian & Roger Vickerman (2005); “The Impact of Inward FDI on Host Countries: Why Such Different Answers” by Robert E.Lipsey and Fredrik Sjoholm (2006); “Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Impact on Distribution and Employment” by Faramarz AKARAM (2008); “FDI and Economic Growth in Malaysia” by Mohammad Sharif Karimi and Zulkornain Yusop (March 2009); “Nonequity Modes Of International Production And Development” by World Investment Report (2011); “International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Security” by Avinash Dixit (2011); The Impact of National Security on Foreign Direct Investment
in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis” by Dickson Oriakhi Presley Osemwengie (2012); Foreign Investment, the National Interest and National Security Foreign Direct Investment in Australia and China”
by Viviane Bath (March 2012); “Why Do Companies Invest Overseas?” by John Dunning (2014).
1.2. The domestic works related to the thesis
1.2.1. The works on foreign investment
“Foreign direct investment in the key economic areas in the South issues for security work” by Đinh Văn H ng (2002);ồ
“Foreign direct investment with industrialization and modernization
in Vietnam” by Nguy n Tr ng Xuân (2002); ễ ọ “Foreign direct
Trang 6Thông (2016); “30 years of attracting foreign investment in Vietnam, insight and new opportunity in the new era” by Ministry of Planning
and Investment (2018)
1.2.2. The works on economic security, national security protection
“Strengthening the State management on national security in our country today” by Tr n Đ i Quang (1996);ầ ạ “Reality and solutions for economic security protection in FDI in Hung Yen province” by Bùi
M u Quân ậ (2001 2002); “Violation of national security in FDI current situation and solutions of Institutions of Security” by Bùi Trung Thành (2001); “Economic security protection in the current period
in our country today theoretical and practical issues” by Bùi Trung Thành (2002); “Security in foreign investment in Ho Chi Minh city and some Southern provinces” by Tr n Kim Ng c (ầ ọ 2003) and “Nguy n Xuânễ
Th ng ắ (2006); “Different levels of development and economic security in ASEAN” by Nguy n Văn Dũng (2007);ễ “FDI in the border provinces in the North Rising issues for ensuring security and order” by Nguy n Thễ ường L ng (2008);ạ “Security in foreign investment in Vietnam in the international integration era” by
Nguy n Xuân Yêm (2008ễ ); “economic security in the integration era and WTO” by Nguy n H ng H i (2010); ễ ồ ả “The work of protecting economic security for Vietnam’s importexport with America” by Đỗ
Ng c Quang (2011); “ọ Some challenges for national security in the international integration era” by Nguy n Th Kim H ng andễ ị ồ Nguy n Th Bé Ba (2011);ễ ị “Food security in the Mekong Delta River”
by Ph m Ng c Hi n, Nguy n Văn Lan; ạ ọ ề ễ “International economic integration rising issues for the Police work” by Nguy n Vănễ
Trang 7Vi t, Lê Th Qu nh (2011); ệ ị ỳ “Ensuring environment security for the country’s sustainable development in the new situation” by Tr nầ Minh T n (ơ 2014); “Ensuring security for the industrial areas in Hanoi city” by Lê Minh Th o (2014); ả “The work of ensuring argicultural economic security practical and theoretical issues” by
Nguy n Ng c Th (2014); ễ ọ ế “Monetary financial security in Vietnam
in the changes of the world financial market” by Nguy n Th Mùiễ ị
(2015); “Nontraditional security in the international integration time” by Tô Lâm, Nguy n Xuân Yêm (2017); ễ “Nontraditional security practical and theoretical issues” by T Ng c T n, Ph mạ ọ ấ ạ Thành Dung, Đoàn Minh Hu n (2018).ấ
1.2.3. The works on the impacts of foreign investment
“Foreign sponsor and investment in Tay Nguyen and their rising issues on security” by Tr n Xuân Dung (2006), ầ “Rising socioeconomic issues in foreign direct investment of some Asian countries and solutions for Vietnam” by Tr n Quang Th ng (2012), ầ ắ “Antiprize transforming and some financial issues related to FDI” by Vũ Đình Ánh (2012), “Negative impacts of FDI and some rising issues for economic security in our country today” by Ph m Văn Th a ạ ừ (2013),
“Global financial crisis: the world and Vietnam’s response” by
Nguy n Th Thu Hoài (2014).ễ ị
1.3. Overview of the findings of the published scientific works and issues need addressing in the thesis
1.3.1. Overview of the findings of the published scientific works related to the thesis
The above mentioned works show that the foreign and domestic authors have touched upon a variety of aspects of FI, ES and impacts of FI on ES
Firstly: These works present the concepts and categories of
economy and ES However, the concepts, categories, relations and impacts of ES are only in general in the region and in the world. Security and ES in the global world and its impacts should be specialized in each aspect and each country. These works help this thesis’s author better understand the names and relations between economy and ES
Secondly: Some works touch upon impacts of ES on attracting
FI and the role of the Government in maintaining the security
Trang 8Fourthly: Some works give an analysis on security in
integration and FI and point out impacts of FI in Vietnam and challenges of national security in the integration process These authors also propose solutions to ensuring ES in socioeconomic development. Some works state the reality; solutions to the protection
of ES in FDI and the cities and provinces’ industrial areas, other works mention the sabotage of ES made by the hostile forces in the name of FDI Some works add, complete the theory of security, security protection and give advisory for leaders to manage the investment activity. Some other works analyse systems of specialized theory on ES protection and propose solutions to promoting the task
of ensuring ES of the police in terms of FI. The point that interests this thesis’s writer is the negative and positive effects of FI on ES in different regions in the whole country. Therefore, both negative and positive factors of FI affecting ES should be taken into consideration.
Fifthly, these works touch upon negative impacts of FDI on
socioeconomic problems and ES These impacts are shown in the security sabotage by investment and sponsorship
So far, there have no works thoroughly and systematically researching on negative and positive effects of FI on ES in Vietnam. Thus, “Impacts of FI on ES in Vietnam” needs systematically researching both theory and practice and specialized knowledge of
ES in the integration period to promote positive effects and limit negative effects of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come
1.3.2. Issues need further addressing in the thesis
From the above overview of the published works overseas and in the country, the thesis’s author finds out some scientific gaps in
the impacts of FI on ES in Vietnam. Firstly, what are FI and ES? What
Trang 9time; Thirdly, proposing systems of views and solutions to promote
positive effects and limit negative effects of FI on ES in Vietnam in the time to come
Summary of Chapter 1Chapter 1 gives an overview of 16 works by foreign authors;
33 works by domestic researchers in such different types as textbooks, doctoral dissertation and articles Accordingly, this thesis’s author generalizes achievements and shortcomings of the above works and points out issues need dealing with in this study
Chapter 2THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC SECURITY IN
VIET NAM 2.1. Overview of foreign investment and economic security
2.1.1. Conception, forms and roles of foreign investment
2.1.1.1. Conception of foreign investment
With the 2014 Investment Law, there are a lot of new points about
FI in Vietnam. Under this law, the forms of investment in Vietnam are generally applied to investors (under Section 13, Article 3 of the 2014 Investment Law, “Investors are organizations and individuals performing the activities of business investment, including domestic investors, foreign investors and foreigninvested economic organizations”
2.1.1.2. Forms of investment: The 2014 Investment Law clearly
stipulates investment forms in Vietnam. Accordingly, there are 4 forms
of investment as follows: Investment in establishing economic
Trang 102.1.1.3. Roles of foreign investment
1) Add an important source of capital to the development investment in the country, solving difficulties in internal capital for investment countries; 2) Contribute to changing the structure of the economy towards industrial development and potential exploitation; 3) Promote the transformation of technology, technique, advanced and modern management methods directly and quickly, creating a premise for technological innovation and promoting domestic capacity and development goals; 4) Create conditions for countries receiving investment to access to the world market, explore and promote the advantages of their own and times’, help participate and compete internationally; 5) Create more jobs for domestic workers on the basis of developing new industries or general services; 6) Help countries receiving investment participate in various international and regional forums, creating advantages of bilateral and multilateral relations both economically and politically, step by step improving position in the international arena
2.1.2. Economic security
2.1.2.1. Conception of Economic Security
From the above analytical study, the author argues that: ES is a part of national security, the state of an economic with a stable development, with little or no risk of threats to the nation's core economic interests, able to effectively prevent and deal with the effects of domestic and international factors; ES includes finance security, energy security and food security.
National ES is the state of a stable development economy a selfcontrol economy having ability to compete internationally in the key manufacturing industries. The economy has little or no risk of threatening the nation's core economic interests; the economy has the ability to effectively prevent and deal with the effects of domestic and international factors
The contents of ES include: finance security, energy security and
Trang 112.1.2.2. Components of Economic Security
* Finance security is the category indicating a stable, safe, strong, noncrisis financial status, being able to effectively prevent inside and outside negative impacts in the process of developing market economy and international economic integration.
* Food security: In 1996, FAO defined food security, which the author agrees very well: Food security exists when everyone, at all times, can access to the society both materially and economically
to food in a full, safe and nutritious manner, meeting the people’s eating needs and preferences for an active and healthy life.
* Energy security: The conception of energy security has
undergone many different debates and approaches, but the current notions in Vietnam are relatively unified, the author's thesis also
agrees that: Energy security is a guarantee of enough energy in many different forms, clean and reasonably priced.
2.2. Conception, and contents of the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam
2.2.1. Conception of the impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam
From the analysis of some arguments, the author gives the notion:
The impact of foreign investment on economic security in Vietnam is the activity of foreign investment with the participation of the entities creating positive and negative changes affecting elements of economic security such
as finance security, food security, and energy security in the process of developing a socialistoriented market economy.
The conception clearly points out the following issues:
In reality, the impact of FI on economic security is reflected
in a number of issues such as: Firstly, FI with its subject is a large,
transnational group; FI has become a decisionmaker at the backstage
of the process of forming foreign policy of a sovereign state.
Secondly, the core of the foreign investors' concern is only the
difference in the rate of return compared to the factors and resources
of different countries and regions for working capital Thirdly, the
promotion of foreign investment on a large scale has a great impact
Trang 12* Negative impacts of foreign investment on finance security Firstly, multinational companies (TNCs) can intervene and
manipulate the market economy, affecting financial autonomy
Secondly, the proportion of foreign investment is too large,
overwhelming domestic investment; currency speculation activities, sudden capital withdrawal leading to a market dependent economy
Thirdly, foreign investment is very limited in transferring
Secondly, increasing the opportunity to participate in the world agricultural supply chain.
Thirdly: Foreign investment creates agricultural economic restructuring towards modernization and diversification of
Trang 13Fourth: Foreign investment improves the quality of human resources and creates jobs in the agricultural and rural economy.
* Negative impacts of FI on food security in Vietnam Firstly, there are not many foreign investment projects in agriculture, the capital is low and they are unevenly distributed in different fields affecting food supply.
Secondly, altering the structure of resources that are detrimental
to food security.
Thirdly, increasing competitive pressure on the domestic market Fourthly, the strong impact of "technical barriers" on businesses and farmers the supply of food security.
Fifthly, causing insecurity to the business environment and the living environment of the population in the area of investment.
* Negative impact of FI on energy security in Vietnam Firstly, many risks in the national electricity supply.
Secondly, adverse impacts on energy resource management and energy price mechanism.
Summary of chapter 2
In chapter 2, the author has developed a theoretical framework. This is an important basis for the researcher to continue studying the current situation of attracting foreign investment and the impact of foreign investment on economic security, thereby proposing the views and solutions to promote the positive impacts and limit the negative impacts of foreign investment on economic security in the coming time
Chapter 3CURRENT SITUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN