Research effects of environmental and ecological factors to the distribution of some rare plant species in xuan thuy national park, nam dinh province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY TRAN THI CHIEN RESEARCH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME RARE PLANT SPECIES IN

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY

TRAN THI CHIEN

RESEARCH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME RARE PLANT SPECIES

IN XUAN THUY NATIONAL PARK, NAM DINH PROVINCE

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode : Full - Time

Major : Environmental Science and Management

Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : K43 – AEP

THAI NGUYEN, 30/09/2015

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT

Abstract

Nowadays, the issue of biodiversity conservation is an interested issue of countries worldwide, particularly ecosystems in conservation areas or National Parks Mangrove ecosystem is one of the diverse ecosystems and most abundant It has a tremendous role in the economic development of a country Besides the role supply forest product, mangrove plants have a role in the conservation of coastal tropical region, maintain the rich nutrient source to ensure the development of some species in the mangroves It controls climate, expansion alluvial area, and limit erosion Under the influence of the weather conditions, the development of the economic and social activities, the ecological environment such as: the vegetation, canopy cover, fresh vegetation cover, salinity of sea water, tide amplitude… mangrove ecosystem has suffered tremendous impact That has influenced the development of flora, especially rare plant species are needing protection With many different methods such as: Collect information, identifying information about the plant, selected plots research, we have listed rare plant species Based on the fact identified, we have launched a number of appropriate measures for the conservation of rare plant species in general and in particular biodiversity of species such as: policy solutions, technical and economic solutions

Ecological environment, diversity, rare plant, National Park

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Thesis Title

Research effects of environmental and ecological factors to the distribution of some rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the process of implementing the research topics: “Research effects of environmental and ecological factors to the distribution of some rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province” I got the guide and help, encouragement of the teachers and the students I would like to express sincere gratitude to:

First and foremost, I wish to express sincere thanks to the Director Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, board of managers of International Training and Development Center and all the teachers have dedicated teaching, the scientific knowledge and the valuable experience for me during the training period, learning in school

In particular, I take this opportunity to express profound gratitude and deep regards to the supervisor A/Prof Hoang Van Hung, who guided wholeheartedly, to advise, imparted knowledge and valuable experience help me during the study and completed thesis

I also would like to express my gratitude to the Management Board and staff officers Xuan Thuy National Park in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province has helped me during practice, the actual investigation to completion this thesis

Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship Due to the short time, limited professional qualification and less experience the report may have inevitable mistakes I very much look forward to the valuable inputs and recommendation of teachers and friends to my thesis more perfect

Thank you very much!

Thai Nguyen, 30/09/2015

Student

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES 1

LIST OF TABLES 2

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 3

PART I INTRODUCTION 4

1.1.Research rationale 4

1.2 Research’s objectives 5

1.2.1 General objective 5

1.2.2 Specific objective 5

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 6

1.4 Significance 6

1.5.Limitations ……….6

PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 7

2.1 Scientific basis of topics 7

2.1.1 Related Concepts 7

2.1.2 The conventions concerning threatened species 8

2.2 The legalbasis……… 10

2.2.1 The text of Central 10

2.2.2 The texts related to the Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 11

2.3 Factual basis and reasoning 11

2.3.1 The influence of environmental factors to the flora in the world 11

2.3.2 The influence of environmental factors to the flora in Vietnam 13

2.2.3 Introduction to Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 14

PART III METHODS 16

3.1 Material 17

3.1.1 Object of study 17

3.1.2 Location and Time of the research 17

3.1.3 Research contents 17

3.2 Research Methods 18

3.2.1 Methods of collecting data, analysis and synthesis of secondary data 18

3.2.2 Methods for ditermining information about the vegetation and ecology should collect……… 19

3.2.3 Choices and establish research plots 19

3.2.4 Collect information 19

3.2.5 Processing data 20

3.2.6 Data analysis 20

3.2.7 Method: Investigate plants following the lines 20

PART IV RESULTS 22

4.1 Assessment of natural conditions of the Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 22

4.1.1 Geographical location 22

4.1.2 Topographic characteristics 23

4.1.3 Land characteristics 24

4.1.4 Climate characteristics 26

4.1.5 Tidal characteristics, hydrology and sedimentation rate 27

4.1.6 Advantage and disadvantage 28

4.2 Socio-economic characteristics affect biodiversity conservation in Xuan Thuy

National Park, Nam Dinh Province 28

4.2.1 Population, labor and employment 28

4.2.2 Economic development situation 30

4.2.3 Infrastructure 30

4.2.4.Culture affects indigenous plants in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 31

4.3 Assessment of the status of biodiversity in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 32

4.3.1 Diversity ecosystems of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 32

4.3.2 Diversity of plant species in Xuan Thuy NP, Nam Dinh Province 32

4.3.3 Species composition of phytoplankton 34

4.3.4 Scientific value and practicality of the flora in Xuan Thuy NP 34

4.4 The distribution of vascular plants occurs in the research area 35

4.4.1 The relationship between ecological and environmental factors in 5 standard plos……… 38

4.4.2 The relationship between the plants in 5 plot research 40

4.4.3 Resources endemic plants and rare trees 42

4.5 Proposed solutions to conserve, maintain the flora of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province 43

4.5.1 Policy solutions 43

4.5.2 Management solutions 43

4.5.3 Technical solutions 44

4.5.4 Economic solutions 44

PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 45

5.1 Discussion 45

5.2 Conclusion 46

REFERENCES 49

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1: Map of Xuan Thuy National Park 22

Figure 4.2: The relationship between the ecological and environmental factors with the

distribution of flora in Xuan Thuy National Park 38

Figure 4.3: Rate uniformity of ecological factors in the standard plots 39

Figure 4.4: The relationship between species appears in 5 plots research 40

Figure 4.5: The relationship between the plants in 5 plots research

in Xuan Thuy NP 41

Figure 4.6: The relationship between the 5 plots based research of species 41

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1: The area of natural land areas in Xuan Thuy National Park 25

Table 4.2: Statistics of all soil type in Xuan Thuy National Park 26

Table 4.3: Area, population and population density of the buffer zone 29

Table 4.4: Statistics area of ecosystem types in Xuan Thuy National Park 32

Table 4.5: The number of plant species found in coastal mangrove areas 32

Giao Thuy District 32

Table4.6: Botanical ingredients are useful in Xuan Thuy National Park, 35

Nam Dinh Province 35

Table 4.7: The list of species appear in all standard plot research 35

in XuanThuy National Park 35

Table 4.8: A number of rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park 42

PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale

Vietnam is located in the belt tropical monsoon climate along with the diverse

topography has made high biological diversity That made Vietnam become one of the

few countries in the world has ecosystems mangrove coastal very unique of wetland

The role and significance of economic, social, environment mangroves have been

confirmed in several studies and in practice not only in our country but all over the

world, especially where there are mangroves Thereby, shows the importance of the

ecosystem this potential The economic value of mangroves is to provide food,

medicine, feed for livestock, timber, firewood, coal, oil and many other raw

materials Regarding environment, mangrove fixed mudflats estuary expand plain

rapidly encroaching sea, combat coastal erosion and the banks of rivers and canals

in coastal areas, protecting of levee system coastal, prevent salt water, climate

regulation coastal areas, mangrove forests are ideal habitats for mammals, water

birds live in mangrove areas

To learn more about the rare species in the mangrove areas, subjects chose

research location is the National Park (NP), Xuan Thuy - Nam Dinh in Giao Thuy

first in South East Asia in 1989 It has the total area about 7,100 hectares, including

3.100 hectares of well-forested land and 4.000 hectares mangroves forest land

According to statistics, the national park is 182 vascular plant species, including

many species of algae have high economic value

In plant species, 14 species of woody, of which there are 6 species involved in

mangroves concentration such as River mangroves, Grey & white mangroves,

Large-leafed orange mangrove, Corky stilt mangrove, Casuarinas … Composition more

diverse small woody species and grass species

Plant composition of Xuan Thuy National Park is relatively poor compared to

many other national parks in the country, but has implications for biodiversity

conservation in wetland areas, fixed sandbanks, mudflats, breakwater and protection

activities agriculture and fisheries

There have been many domestic and foreign projects are done in the NP

However, there isn't thesis to study and fully statistic of biodiversity, particularly

systematic study on the effects and correlation of environmental and ecological factors

to the distribution of plant species, as the basis for biodiversity conservation strategy in

the NP

From the urgency above, us to conduct research: “ Effects of environmental

and ecological factors to the distribution of some rare plant species in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province”

1.2 Research’s objectives

1.2.1 General objective

Identify some ecological and environmental factors impacts to the distribution

of some plant species in the Xuan Thuy National Park

1.2.2 Specific objective

+ Assessment of the status plant biodiversity at Xuan Thuy National Park

+ Identify relationships between ecological and environmental factors for the

distribution of some rare plants in Xuan Thuy National Park

+Proposed solutions to conserve biodiversity of plant species in Xuan Thuy

National Park

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses

1 What is current status of plant biodiversity at Xuan Thuy National Park?

2 How do ecological and environmental factors affect the distribution of some

rare and precious species in Xuan Thuy National Park?

3 What is the conservation measure biodiversity of plant species in the Xuan

Thuy National Park?

1.4 Significance

+ The significance in learning and scientific research: Helping students have the

opportunity to approach with how to performing a scientific research project, helped

me applied the knowledge learned into practice

+ The significance in practice: Research equipped for students the basic

knowledge about the environmental and forest ecosystems, made me understand

more about the biodiversity of our country as well as their localities From which

helping region oriented measures for conservation and maintain of some rare plant

species in the future

1.5 Limitations

This study can’t include all the management problems of plant species in the

park Because the study was done in a short time, the thesis is limited by many

factors in the process of survey and investigation of the diversity of plant species in

the study area

PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Scientific basis of topics

2.1.1 Related Concepts

Ecosystem: Ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with

the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral

soil), interacting as a system

Biodiversity: Biodiversity is the abundance and diversity of life, has a vital role

on Earth Biodiversity has many great values, focus on three groups: economic values,

humane values and ecological values (Gaston and Spicer, 1998)

+ Economic value is to provide food, only food for humans According to

calculations of scientists around the world, annually, biodiversity gives people a

product output worth 33,000 billion

+ Human values of biodiversity is richness, colorful beauty of nature, provide

aesthetic value

+ Value ecological role is to maintain biological balance, protect resources,

climate regulation and decomposition of waste

National Park: NP is an area on land or at sea, no or just slightly affected by

human activities, there are rare plant and animal species and endemic or has a range of

beautiful landscapes national or international

The goal NP is protected:

+ Protect the ecosystems and species of rare plants have national importance

and international

+ Science research

+ To develop ecotourism

Extinction: The concept of extinction has many different meanings A species

is considered extinct when no particular individuals of that species to survive

anywhere in the world A species that only some individuals surviving thanks to the

care and rearing of humanity, so it is considered extinct in the wild A species is

considered locally extinct if it does not survive in places where they lived, but people

still find them in other places in nature

The mangroves: Mangroves are forest growing in marshy land, saline wetlands

of the estuary, the coast, along the rivers and canals have brackish water tidal risen and

fall daily Mangrove formed by the mangroves if the cover of over 10% This forest

consists of mangrove species orthodoxy, these are the only species in the mangroves,

theses plants can be found in both the mangroves and other areas

2.1.2 The conventions concerning threatened species

International Convention is writing, stating what to follow and what is

prohibited implementation, involving a certain field by a group of countries with

commitments agreed upon and implemented, in order to create a common voice, unity

of action and cooperation in member countries

Vietnam has participated and signed a lot of international agreements related to

the Convention on Biological Diversity

Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) is a program of the United Nations

Environment (UNEP) has drafted since 1988, undergo many meetings and discussions

between the countries since 1992, at an international conference on environmental and

development in Rio (Brazil), 168 countries have signed the Convention and

implemented in dated November 28, 1994 The Convention on Biodiversity includes

the preamble, 42 articles and two appendices Vietnam has signed the Convention on

contents of the convention made three main objectives:

+ Protect Biodiversity

+ Sustainable use of biodiversity

+ Profit distribution of new products derived from wild species and

domesticated species

wild species have be endangered)

Cites convention was signed through dated March 1, 1973, effective from dated

July 1, 1975 in Washington Contents of Cites are member countries implementing the

prohibition on trade of wild animal and plant species international, which are

threatened with extinction listed in the appendix attached to the convention

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was established to

target to influence, encourage and assist organizations throughout the world to

conserve the integrity and diversity of nature, ensure the use of natural resources

sustainable and equitably ecologically Vietnam has become a country member of

IUCN since 1993

Ramsar Convention is an international convention for the conservation and

rational uses of an appropriate and wetland area, purpose to prevent the increasing

encroachment on wetland areas as well as the loss of them in this time as well in the

future, recognizing the ecological function of the platform and the values wetland

areas of entertainment, science, culture and our economy

2.2 The legal basis

2.2.1 The text of Central

Biodiversity Law 2008 provided for the conservation and sustainable

development of biodiversity, the rights and obligations of organizations, households,

citizen in conservation and sustainable development of biodiversity

Environmental Protection Law dated November 29, 2005

+ Law on Protection and Development of forest (effect from dated August 1, 2005)

+ Fishery Law promulgated in 2003

+ Decree No 32/2006 / ND-CP dated November 30, 2006 on forest vegetation

management, endangered animals, rare-Law Environmental protection dated

November 29, 2005

+ Decree No 80/2003 / ND - CP dated August 9, 2006 of the Government

stipulating in detail and guiding the implementation of some provisions of

environmental protection law

+ Decree No 117/2009 / ND-CP on handling violations of law in the field of

environmental protection

+ Decree No 32/2006 / ND-CP dated March 30, 2006 about managing the

forest flora and fauna endangered, rare and precious

+ Decree No 48/2002 / ND-CP dated April 22, 2002 amended list of plants,

rare wildlife

+ Decree No.109/2003 / ND-CP on the conservation and sustainable

development of wetlands in Vietnam

+ Decision 04/2004 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

approved an action plan for the conservation and sustainable development of wetlands

period 2004- 2010

2.2.2 The texts related to the Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

+ Decree No.48 / CP dated August 12, 1996 of the Government on sanctioning

administrative regulations in the field of protection of aquatic resources

+ Decision No 01/2003 / QD-TTG on Xuan Thuy conversion of wetland

protected areas converted into Xuan Thuy National Parks, Nam Dinh Province

+ Decision No 04/2004 / QD NRE April 5, 2004 by the Minister of Natural

Resources and Environment approved a plan of action on conservation and sustainable

development of wetland areas for 2004 to 2010

2.3 Factual basis and reasoning

2.3.1 The influence of environmental factors to the flora in the world

The crisis of species of plant and wildlife, even worse financial crisis and global

recession today That is the warning from the deputy director of animal programs of

conservation group Biodiversity International Federation of nature conservation

(IUCN) G Cry VI-XTOP when his analogy here is the time to recognize that nature is

the largest "company" is the world's profitable100% of humans Yet nature is being

devastated to serious consequences for the environment.( G Cry VI-XTOP, 1997)

The plants and animals make up the magic of wildlife have a specific role and

contributions are essential for human life, such as providing food, medicine, oxygen,

water and balance ecosystem Climate change leads to habitat changes and the fauna

and flora must also change the growth cycle and the physical characteristics or alter

migratory routes to adapt to the new environment, undermines the biodiversity

According to a recent study of international biodiversity, scientists warned more

than a third of the world's animal species in danger of extinction In addition 47 677

species in Red list, a most authoritative assessment of some countries of the species

on Earth has endangered and are based on research by thousands of scientists, today

17.291 species are threatened, of which 21% are mammals, 30% of amphibians, 70%

of plants and 35% invertebrates The amphibian species are groups of organisms most

seriously affected on the word, with 1.895 among 6.285 species in the list threatened

Of these, 39 species extinctions, 484 species at risk high extinction, 754 species

threatened, 657 species are not protected (Twinkle and colleagues, 1992) The

scientists warned the world not to fear the species at risk high extinction, but also

threatened, breaking completely ecosystems The numbers on the alarm-risk species

disappear forever though leaders world have pledged to take action to reverse that

trend

The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) came into force in 1993 made three

goals: conservation of biodiversity; to use biological diversity in a sustainable way;

benefit sharing of biodiversity in a fair manner Currently, 168 countries have signed

on, which aims to 2010 significantly reduced rate of biodiversity loss at the global

level, regional and national levels However, according to conservationists, mankind

has not conducted sufficient measures to prevent major threats

Environmental pollution, climate change leading to the gradual loss of habitat

of the fauna and flora, one of the main causes leading to the loss of biodiversity Loss

of habitat affects 40% of mammals, IUCN Director, Ms G Mat warning, is the

scientific evidence for a serious extinction crisis The loss of biodiversity most serious

occurred in Central and South America; East, West and Central Africa, especially in

Madagascar, South and East-South Asia (Ms G Mat, 1994) Loss of biodiversity is

one of the most serious crisis the world as the number of species decreased to low

African countries warned that the ecosystem of the continent most vulnerable to

shocks world of weather Famine, water scarcity, desertification status, reduced

agricultural productivity caused human quality of life in Africa is low Africa accounts

for about a fifth of the global land area and about a fifth of the plants, mammals and

birds in the world, accounting for one-sixth of amphibians and reptiles About a fifth

of the birds in southern Africa have seasonal migration in Africa and one in ten

migrants between Africa and other continents of the world

2.3.2 The influence of environmental factors to the flora in Vietnam

Drought occurs in most areas of the country, average annual temperature

increased by 0, 1 and 0, 30 ° C / decade Temperature increase and rainfall changed

that will affect agriculture and water resources Sea levels likely rise one meter by the

end of the century, then Vietnam will take over 12% of land area, the residence of 23%

of the population

The consequences of global climate change cause more clearly, including

impacts on biodiversity, valuable resources of the country Based on some research

done in the world and the natural conditions of Vietnam, forecast consequences of

climate change will impact on the Mekong Delta and Hong Delta, the coastal area and

the system forest ecology in the country Sea level rise will affect the wetland coast of

Vietnam, the most serious is the mangrove area in Ho Chi Minh City, Vung Tau

Two deltas and coastal in our country, including mangroves and wetland system

are very rich in species, are very vulnerable ecosystems Sea level rise along with the

intensity of storms will change the composition of the sediment, salinity and pollution

levels of water, degrade and threaten the survival of mangroves and species in dirty

As sea levels rise, about half of the 68 wetlands will be affected, saltwater will

penetrate deep into the mainland, killing many species of freshwater plants, affecting

freshwater supply for drinking and cultivation of many areas, 36 protected areas,

including eight national parks , 11 natural reserves will be flooded ( Phan Nguyen

Hong and colleagues, 1999) The marine ecosystem will be hurt, the coral reef is the

habitat of many marine species, are the shield wave against coastal erosion and protect

mangroves would escape the risk of being degraded by heat rising sea Temperature

increase to make the source seafood dispersed The tropical fish species increased,

subtropical fish species (high economic value) decreases

The environmental changes taking place will threaten developing, threaten the

lives of all species, ecosystems Climate change and its consequences such as floods,

droughts, forest fires, erosion and landslides will promote faster biodiversity

degradation, exacerbated, especially tropical forest ecosystems is not intact, increases

the risk of extinction of animals and plants, make you disappear, genetic resources,

rare and emerging diseases can arise Climate change increases the risk for some

patients, changes characteristic in circadian rhythms of humans According to the

World Health Organization (WHO), global warming is likely to make more than 150

thousand people dead and five million people suffer from various diseases The above

figure may be doubled by 2030

2.2.3 Introduction to Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

On May 1, 1989 alluvial estuary in Xuan Thuy District was officially

recognized joined the Ramsar Convention by UNESCO (Convention for the Protection

of wetlands of international importance, especially as internally displaced resident of

Asia, Vietnam's most exclusive for 16 years On December 12/2004, UNESCO

continues recognized biosphere reserve coastal intercity of Hong River Deltas, in

which Xuan Thuy National Park is core area has a special importance of the biosphere

reserves world

Xuan Thuy National Park represents the wetland ecosystem typical estuary in

simultaneously carries many other international honors, where would have been a lot

of advantages

Considered by many sectors and institutions in domestic and international

activities, community development activities and ecotourism

Xuan Thuy National Park has characteristic ecosystem:

+ Ecosystem evergreen tropical rain, the wind edaphic type mangroves daily,

this vegetation type distribution center in Con Lu and Con Ngan covers a large area

of the park has an area 1.589ha Species composition mainly is river mangroves, holly

mangroves, gray & white mangroves, thick vegetation intertwined, ecosystems have

two main cum laude union:

_ Laude union river mangroves, Holly mangroves, gray & white mangroves,

this laud union are distributed in the North of the NP

_ Laude union pure forest plantations distribution center in the South of the Park

+ Ecosystem evergreen forest tropical rain, soil subtype daily mangrove, this is

a place to shelter, overnight, nesting, feeding of birds and their habitats as well as

species of otter fish, aquatic, amphibian, reptile

+ Ecosystem subtypes soil This vegetation type occupies 182ha area,

distributed northern geese of Con Ngan and a small part of Con Lu

+ Ecosystem dunes land and dune sandy is a kind of empty land occupied

636ha area of the Park, distributed mainly in Con Xanh and Con Lu

+ Ecosystem dumps alluvial muddy sediment: focuses on Con Ngan, Ba Lat

estuary, the dump south of the Vop estuary It is about 596ha This is where the

development of the species of clams, fish, crabs, and feeding habitats of water birds

+ Ecosystem casuarinas forest was planted on the narrow strip of sandy land

near the beach in the east

+ Ecosystem creeks river water surface and sea water: The density of water

covers a large area of the NP (4,000 hectares), which is an ecosystem with high

biodiversity including:

_The water surface of rivers and creeks: including water surface of the Hong

River, Tra River, Voc River and narrow passages formed by them This is the habitat

of water birds: geese, mallards, storks, kingfishers, hawk… foraging inshore

_The sea water surface is calculated from the depth under 6 meters, this is

inhabited and is feeding habitats for birds and fishes

Species diversity of Xuan Thuy National Park:

Cording to statistics, the national park is 182 vascular plant species, including

many species of algae have high economic value Class dicotyledonous has species,

genera and family is the most, 123 species (accounting for 67.4% of total species)

( According to statistics of Phan Hong Anh and colleagues, 2004)

PART III METHODS 3.1 Material

3.1.1 Object of study

The ecological and environmental factors affect the flora forest in Xuan Thuy National Park NP, Nam Dinh Province

3.12 Location and Time of the research

Location: Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

+ Education, health of local people

+ Economic conditions and other social effects to National Parks

+ Indigenous culture relating to the use and protection of natural resources

3.1.3.3 Investigate and assess the status biodiversity of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

+ Diversity ecosystems: coastal ecosystems, Ramsar ecosystem

+ Diversity of species: Endemic species, specific species of mangrove water

+ Diversity of populations

3.1.3.4 Determine the environmental and ecological factors affect the distribution of the flora in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

+ Ecological factors: The vegetation, canopy cover, fresh vegetation cover, litter

+ Impacting from other factors: road distance, the distance near residential

areas, the devastation

+ The geographical factors: Location research, altitude, coordinates

+ Other factors

3.1.3.5 Determine the distribution of high vascular plants appear in the research area

+ Determine the frequency of occurrence of vascular plant species on plots research

+ Determine the classification plant species: order, family, genus, species

+ Determine the species composition

3.1.3.6 Proposed solutions to conserve, maintain the flora in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

+ Technical solutions

+ Policy solutions

+ Economic solutions

3.2 Research Methods

3.2.1 Methods of collecting data, analysis and synthesis of secondary data

Method of collecting data, analysis and synthesis of secondary documents is a common method, often used when we researched a theme This is the reference

method available data related to the research problem This method is the traditional method of quickly and efficiently With this method can be applied to study the contents:

+ Collect data and documents, legal documents, related to forest ecosystems of

NP, information got from the NP office or internet

+ Collect secondary data in NP, information got from NP office

+ Collect information relating to the thesis through the field, books, internet

3.2.2 Method for determining information about the vegetation and ecology should collect

Collect information in the field trip, using:

+ The types of yardsticks:Folding rule, tape measure about 100m

+ Blumeiss rule

+ Instruments, chemical experiments to determine pH, administrative maps

Information about vegetation and ecological conditions collected each plot and

parts that were information about ecological conditions, including slope, elevation,

canopy cover, water surface regime, pH, distance to the nearest village, etc.,

information about vegetation

3.2.3 Choices and establish research plots

random based on the existing vegetation type in the study area A total of 5 research

plots will be set

3.2.4 Collect information

Information obtained through two sources: foreign work (in fieldwork), and

domestic work Information collected from fieldwork includes altitude, direction of

exposure, pH, water surface regime, soil types Information from the internal part was

part of the calculations based on data obtained from fieldwork such as the total number

of species appears in the research, the useful species, timber tree density This

information will be collected and processed

3.2.5 Processingdata

Data were entered into dedicated software for ecological research and biological

PRIMER to store, extract, manages surveys The database consists of two parts: the list

of all the species appears in the research and ecological factors, and the relationship

between environmental factors

3.2.6 Data analysis

Includes (i) vegetation was classified by using techniques/ analysis that have

been used worldwide as analytical categories based on composition TWINSPAN

species (Hill, 1979a) and PRIMER Version 6.0, based on the presence of plant species

appear at least in 10% of plots research, (ii) determine the relationship between

ecological factors, the vegetation with the distribution of the species

3.2.7 Method: Investigate plants following the lines

+ Investigate plant following the lines method

Methods for determination of plant species appeared in plots under free

methods listed in ecology, and sorting plant

will be appeared within the scope research

PART IV RESULTS

4.1 Assessment of natural conditions of the Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province

4.1.1 Geographical location

Xuan Thuy National Park is a region of vast a submerged alluvial water,

located at the South outfall of Hong River, including a part Con Ngan and entire Con

Lu in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province

Figure 4.1: Map of Xuan Thuy National Park

Nam Dinh Province