Learning about monitoring methods of water environment in thai nguyen center for resources and environment monitoring

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN KHANH HUONG LEARNING ABOUT MONITORING METHODS OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN THAI NGUYEN CENTER FOR RESOURCES AND ENVIRO

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY

NGUYEN KHANH HUONG

LEARNING ABOUT MONITORING METHODS OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN THAI NGUYEN CENTER FOR RESOURCES AND

ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode: Full-Time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: The Advanced Education Program

Batch: 2014 - 2018 Type: On-the-Job Training (OJT)

Thai Nguyen, 25/09/2018

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management

Student name Nguyen Khanh Huong

Student ID DTN1453110065

Thesis Title

LEARNING ABOUT MONITORING METHODS OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN THAI NGUYEN CENTER FOR RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

Keywords: Water pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Water

environment; Monitoring methods;

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to send my sincere thanks to teachers of the Advanced Education Program (AEP) as well as teachers of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, who have taught enthusiastically with extensive knowledge not only for my subjects but also for my soft skills and give me a chance to practice at Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring In addition, I would like to thank all supports and help from the leadership of Thai Nguyen Center for Environment and Resources Monitoring, has enabled me to practice at the Center During the internship at the Center, I have learned a lot of practical experience, specialized knowledge and high sense of responsibility in the work In order to get that

result, I would like to thank Mr Duong Van Hung - Head of Monitoring Room and

all the staffs for their help and created favorable conditions to help me complete my internship

I would like to give special thank to Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai, who is always

supported and helped me a lot in spending much time for checking my thesis report Finally, I would like to express my deeply gratitude to my family and friends for providing me emotional, unceasing encouragement, physical and financial support I would like to thank all those other persons who helped me in completing this report Because of my lack knowledge, the mistake is inevitable, I am very grateful if I receive the comments and options from teachers and others to contribute my report Sincerely yours,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF ABBREVIATION viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Rationale 1

1.2.Objectives 2

1.3 Content of work 2

1.4 Profile of the cooperating agency 2

1.4.1 History of formation and development 2

1.4.2 Functions and main tasks 3

1.4.3 Organization of the apparatus 6

1.5 Assigned tasks during internship 7

1.6 Timeline 8

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 9

2.1 The scientific basis of the topic 9

2.1.1 Concepts of environment 9

2.1.2 Water pollution 9

2.1.3 Environmental monitoring 11

2.2 Research situation in Vietnam and in the world 14

2.2.1 International literature review 14

2.2.2.National literature review 15

CHAPTER III CONTENTS AND WORK STEPS OF WATER ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 17

3.1 Planning and building monitoring contents 17

3.2 Environmental monitoring in the field 18

3.2.1 Preparation 18

3.2.2 Work in the field 19

3.2.3 The preservation of water samples 24

3.3 Practice of water environment monitoring 26

3.3.1 Action plan on 18/4/2018: 26

3.3.2 Action plan on 09/05/2018 27

CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNED 29

4.1 Discussion 29

4.2 Lesson learned 30

4.2.1 Results after monitoring 32

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 34

REFERENCES 35

APPENDICES 37

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Examples of the various types of field meters available From up to

down: a multi-parameter meter YSI 556 and TOA 22A 23 Figure 3.2 Sampling of wastewater from workshop 2 of Luu Xa Cement Plant 27 Figure 3.3 Rapid measurement of parameters and preservation of samples in the

field 27 Figure 3.4 Sampling of surface water in Son Cam 28 Figure 3.5 Rapid measurement of parameters and preservation of samples in the

field (Son Cam)Some photos of other field monitoring 37

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

BOD Biochemical or biological oxygen demand

BTNMT Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

QCVN National Technical Regulation

QD-UBND Committee of people

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale

Today, environment is not just a matter of a locality or a nation but has become a common concern of all humanity The strong socio-economic development, urbanization and industrial development in our country, together with insufficient awareness and lack of human responsibility that has made environment are increasingly seriously degraded This leads to the risk of ecological imbalance, the depletion of natural resources that affect the quality of life and the goal of sustainable development of the country

Facing a series of urgent issues, one of the solutions that the State attaches great importance is the promotion of scientific and technological research and the training of experts in the field of environment, which contribute significantly to the protection of the environment and the country, keeping the planet Earth green for generations to come

As a final year student in Environmental Science and Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the internship is one of the necessary and useful subjects So, I proceed to topic “learning about monitoring methods of water environment in Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring " to assist each student to better understand about water environment monitoring and their specialization, consolidate the theories were approached at school since then apply that knowledge in practical Simultaneously, give students the studying and working style properly when they graduate to become qualified professionals who meet the practical

1.2 Objectives

- Give students the opportunity to apply the theory to practice, to practice their skills in a harsh working environment that requires not only knowledge in books but also practical knowledge

- Understand the knowledge of monitoring about water environment components Simultaneously, know some skills such method as taking and preserving samples and methods of quick measurement of some indicators (pH, BOD, COD, DO, TSS, ) in the field

1.3 Content of work

- Learn about the functions, tasks and activities of Thai Nguyen Center for Resource and Environmental Monitoring

- Learn about the content and steps of water environmental monitoring

1.4 Profile of the cooperating agency

Name: THAI NGUYEN CENTER FOR RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Address: 425A - Phan Dinh Phung Stress, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen

Province

Phone: 0280.3750876 Fax: 0280.3650871

Email: cemp@vnn.vn

Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring was formerly the Station for Environment Monitoring and Analysis, built in 1998 by the Ministry of Science and Technology for Environment, with the aim of building a monitoring station for the Northeast

- In 2004, the station for environmental monitoring and analysis was upgraded to the Center of Environmental Monitoring and Protection - Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment

- Decision on renaming and reorganizing Center for Environmental Monitoring and Protection into Center for Environmental Monitoring No 319/QD-UBND dated 18/02/2008 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee

- Decision on the reorganization and renaming Center for Environmental Monitoring into Center of Environmental Monitoring and Technology No 292/QD-UBND dated 02/12/2010 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee

- Decision on the reorganization and renaming Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology into the Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring No 1856/QD-UBND dated 28/07/2015 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee

1 To measure, monitor and analyses the environmental indicators in the system

of environmental monitoring network in the province, Song Cau basin in 6 provinces, the Northeast region

2 To measure and monitor indicators in the field of water resources (water quality monitoring, water reserve, water dynamics, surface water flow for surface water, degraded and depleted water areas); Measurement, observation and analysis of indicators in the field of mineral resources (mineral composition in mineral samples)

3 To serve the monitoring, inspection and control of environmental pollution and solicitation of environmental technical expertise according to the requirements of environmental technical expertise as required

4 To investigate, survey and assess the current state of the environment, environmental impact assessment synthesis and predict changes in the environment, assess the impact of climate change; Statistical surveys, assessment of waste, pollution, degradation, environmental incidents; Projects on biosafety and biodiversity conservation

5 To formulate and implement of schemes and projects: classification, collection, treatment, reduction, recycling and burial of wastes; Projects, tasks on protection, remediation, and renovation of the environment of polluted and degraded river basins

6 To research, investigate; survey the current status and the happening of pollution impact on community health

7 To organize the research, apply and deploy the scientific and technological advances in the field of environment; to formulate and organize the implementation of projects on application of scientific and technological achievements; research and develop sustainable production models, cleaner production, and replication

8 To research, build, transfer skills, techniques and techniques in the field of environmental protection; method analysis tools

9 To participate in the research the impact on the surrounding environment of resource extraction activities and propose preventive management measures to reduce environmental pollution

10 To implement the environmental consultancy services: making environmental impact assessment reports, environmental protection commitments, mineral exploitation projects and projects on environmental rehabilitation and restoration after mineral exploitation To compile dossiers of registration for hazardous waste collection, transportation, treatment and destruction, compile dossiers of registration and certification of establishments and environmentally friendly products and cleaner production

11 To investigate the preparation of investment reports, investment projects, technical designs and cost estimates of environmental protection works and treatment

of environmental pollution of land and water, dust and gas treatment; to construct, monitor the construction; install the equipment for environmental protection and treatment of environmental pollution

12 To get involved in training, communicating to raise awareness about environmental protection To implement domestic programs and projects and international cooperation on environmental protection iron mentally friendly products and cleaner production

13 To cooperate in joint-venture, associate and receive financial assistance from organizations and individuals, contributing capital in cash, assets and value of intellectual property rights in order to conduct scientific research and consultancy, providing technical and environmental services in accordance with the law

14 To organize financial management, property, personnel and other resources assigned to the Center's operations in accordance with the law

15 To Autonomy and self-responsibility in conducting environmental technology activities, signing research contracts, techno-economic contracts, labor contracts, training and fostering of cadres in the field area

16 To implement the reporting regime according to regulations

17 To perform other tasks assigned by competent authorities

- Deputy Director: Ms Tran Thi Minh Hai

Professional departments:

- Department of Planning

- Department of Administration – General

- Department of Expert and Environmental Impact Assessment

- Department of Environment Technology

- Station of Environmental Monitoring:

+ Monitoring room

+ Laboratory

*) The organizational model of the Center:

*) Qualifications: The center currently has 46 staffs

Of which: - Master degree: 24 people

- University level: 23 people

1.5 Assigned tasks during internship

- Strengthening knowledge by studying legal documents on environment such as laws, decrees, circulars and decisions

- Participate in internal training sessions on wastewater and exhaust gases from Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring

Director

Deputy Director

Station of EnvironmentalMonitoringDeputy Director

LaboratoryMonitoring

Department

of Environment Technology

Department of Administration – General

- Learn the position, functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring

- Monitor the field in a number of enterprises in the province to explore the environmental management work: ground water and wastewater

- Carry out the works and tasks assigned by the staff of Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring

1.6 Timeline

Total months working at Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring are from 1st March, 2018 to 30th June, 2018

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The scientific basis of the topic

2.1.1 Concepts of environment

a Environment

"Environment refers to a system of natural and artificial physical factors affecting the existence and development of human beings and creatures" (Law on Environmental Protection, 2014)

b Environmental pollution

"Environmental pollution refers to the change in the environment components in breach of technical regulations on environment and environmental standards, which can result in adverse impacts on human beings and creatures" (Law on Environmental

"Water pollution is a bad change in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water, , With the presence of foreign substances in liquid, solid that make water becomes toxic to humans and organisms, reducing biodiversity in water (Water

Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control New Delhi: New Age International p 179)

b The importance of water

The presence of water is the first condition to determine the existence of life Where there is water, there is life For human life, water is the foundation for all activities Water gives us a drink, creates food for us to eat, creates energy that supports our modern economy, maintains ecological services, and other factors that we

all depend on For the human body:

One can fast for a few weeks and still live but if he refuses to drink for three or four days he will die Because in the human body, water accounts for 60-70% of body weight, distributed in all organs like brain, blood, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, joints, muscles If these parts lack water will make the body tired, sleepy; nosebleeds because of dry mucous, blood vessels are vulnerable; headache, dizziness, muscle weakness; kidney stones are easy to form or regenerate due to the concentration of minerals; increased risk of oral, throat, and respiratory infections due to air through the nose is not dampened, irritating and causing the lungs to become sensitive to smoke, dust, chemicals, allergic rhinitis Severe water shortage will lead to lower blood pressure, fast heart beat, less urination; dry mouth, very thirsty; skin, dry mucous, no sweat; dry eye and swollen pain, body lose balance (West, Larry (2006-03-26) "World Water Day: A Billion People Worldwide Lack Safe Drinking Water")

For social, economic and ecological environment

Water ensures food security for society so that no one is hungry and the food maker is not poor compared with the common ground of society;

Water helps every human activity such as bathing, washing, cleaning, cooking, ensure the quality of each human life and health for the community

Water generates electrical energy to provide economic activity through the use of dynamics or river flow power to spin water turbines and generators This is a clean energy source and accounts for 20% of the world's electricity, while limiting fuel costs and labor costs Water engages largely in the production of products for exchange,trading in the market as producing a cup of coffee requires 140 liters of water, a medium size cotton shirt requires 2.700 liters of water, 1 kg of rice requires 3,400 liters of water, a glass of 125ml of alcohol needs 120 liters of water Thus, we can see the majority of economic activity much depends on water resources The economic value of water can not always be converted into money, because money is not a measure of economic value, there are services of water that can not be evaluated but of great economic value Water also creates culture and civilized society, such as Egyptian culture in the Nile Basin, Mesopotamia culture in the Tigris and Euphrates basins, Indian culture in the Indus basin, and Chinese culture in the Yellow River basin

For other living species on earth

Water is very important for plants and animals to survive and develop as well as for the exchange of nutrients within their bodies In other words, without water, there would be no life and no existence of any living creature on earth

2.1.3 Environmental monitoring

a Concept

"Environmental monitoring refers to the formal processes and activities that need

to take place to monitor the quality and components of the environment in a systematic

information to prepare the assessment on current status and change of the environment quality, and harmful impacts on the environment."(Law on Environmental Protection, 2014)

b Indicators to assess water resources

The assessment of water quality as well as the level of water pollution may base

on some basic indicators and regulate the limits of each indicator in accordance with the Law on Environmental Protection of a country or international standards prescribed for each type of water used for different purposes Combination with the requirements for water quality and water pollutants, it is possible to provide some indicators as follows (Water quality indicators, Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program, 2016):

- pH

pH is one of the most important parameters and is used most frequently to assess the level of water pollution, the quality of wastewater; evaluate of water hardness, flocculation, ability of corrosion and in many calculations of base oxide balance The pH value indicates the degree of acid (when pH <7) or alkalinity (when pH> 7), showing the chemical effects of entering the water Low or high pH values are harmful to aquatic life

- SS (Suspended solid)

Suspended solids refer to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water The high suspended solids content in the water causes poor visibility for many purposes; For example, it reduces the ability of light transmissions in water, thus affect the photosynthesis

under water, which causes the exhaustion of oxygen in the water and lead to impact aquatic life such as fish and shrimp Suspended solids can obstruct fish gills, inhibit respiration that lead to reduce fish growth, prevent the growth of eggs and larvae

- DO (dissolved oxygen)

DO is the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water, which is essential for the respiration of aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimp, amphibians, insects, etc Lakes with high DO content are considered to be healthy and many species live there Low

DO in the water reduces the growth of aquatic animals, even disappears or can kill some species if DO drops dramatically The cause of DO reduction in water is due to the discharge of industrial wastewater, rainwater overflows draw the agricultural wastes containing organic matter and leaf in the receiving source Microorganisms use oxygen to consume organic matter, which reduces oxygen levels

- COD (Chemical oxygen Demand)

COD is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed

by reactions in a measured solution It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution which in SI units is milligrams per liter COD is

an important criterion for assessing the level of water pollution (wastewater, surface water, and living water) as it indicates the amount of organic matter in the water The high COD content of the water indicates that the water source contains many organic substances that pollute

- BOD (Biochemical oxygen Demand)

BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e demanded) by aerobic

at certain temperature over a specific time period The BOD have a practical importance as it is the basis for the design and operation of the wastewater treatment station; the greater the BOD value, the higher the level of organic pollution

- Heavy metals

Heavy metals (arsenic, lead, chromium (VI), cadmium, mercury ) are abundant

in water for many reasons: the dissolution of minerals, the metal components available

in nature or used in buildings, industrial waste; The effect of heavy metals varies depending on their concentration, which may be useful if at low concentrations and very toxic if at high concentrations

- Coliform

Coliform bacteria (Coliform, Fecal coliform, Fecal streptococci, Escherichia coli ) are universally present in large numbers in the feces of warm-blooded animals, through the gastrointestinal tract they enter the environment and thrive if favorable temperature conditions The coliform data provides us with information on the level of water hygiene and environmental sanitation conditions surrounding the sampling area

2.2 Research situation in Vietnam and in the world

2.2.1 International literature review

Currently, continental and ocean water pollution is increasing at an alarming pace The speed of water pollution reflects realistically the pace of economic development in the countries The more the society develops, the more risk it will be Some examples as follow: