Assessing the current state of water pollution in traditional bamboo weaving village in yen tien commune, y yen district, nam dinh province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY PHAM NGOC KIEN TOPIC TITLE: Assessing the current state of water pollution in traditional bamboo-weaving village in Yen

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY

PHAM NGOC KIEN

TOPIC TITLE:

Assessing the current state of water pollution in traditional

bamboo-weaving village in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district,

Nam Dinh province

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode: Full-time

Major: Environmental Science and Management

Faculty: International Training and Development Center

Batch: 2011 - 2015

Thai Nguyen 30/09/2015

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the thesis entitle: “Assessing the current state of water pollution in traditional bamboo-weaving village in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province” submitted by Pham Ngoc Kien towards the fulfillment of the undergraduate degree of Environmental Science and Management is based on his original research and study under the supervision of Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai The thesis

in part or full is the property of the Advanced Education Program of the Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry and thereof not be used by any other public or private institution without prior consent

Signed by:

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management

Thesis title

Assessing the current state of water pollution in traditional bamboo-weaving village in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province

Yen Tien commune is the local there are traditional villages The status

of waste management in here still exist many shortcomings, The status of waste management in here still exist many shortcomings, difficult in management systems, lack of synchronous investment In addition, environmental protection sense of people is not good

Therefore, to do the management of waste in Yen tien commune effectively, we have to offer appropriate solutions to overcome these shortcomings

Keywords Product waste, wastewater, treatment, collected,

transported Number of pages:

Date of submission: September 30th, 2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai for her invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis I sincerely thank the lecturers who enthusiastically imparted useful knowledge on water treatment during the University program to all class attendants I also thank the support of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their support and assistance

Furthermore, I sincerely thanks to officers in Y Yen Environmental protection Agency during the implementing the research topic at Yen Tien commune Also, I like

to thank the participants in my survey, who have willingly shared their precious time during the process of interviewing in Yen Tien commune

Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship

Thank you all very much!

Pham Ngoc Kien

TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

TABLE OF CONTENT iv

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix

PART I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Research rationale 1

1.2 Research’s objectives 2

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 2

PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 3

2.1 Scientific foundations 3

2.1.1 The basic definitions 3

2.1.2 Waste, wastewater classification 4

2.1.3 Features of wastes in village’s production 4

2.1.4 The generation sources wastes production 5

2.1.5 The impact of waste water to environmental and human health 6

2.2 Legal basis 8

2.3 Situation of wastewater pollution in traditional craft villages in Vietnam 9

2.4 Situation of wastewater pollution in the traditional villages in Nam Dinh 10

2.5 Environment current status in Yen Tien trade village 11

PART III: METHODS 14

3.1 The objects of research 14

3.2 Location and research time 14

3.3 Research Methodology 14

3.3.1 The secondary method collection 14

3.3.2 Research methodology theory 14

3.3.3 Survey methodology reality 14

3.3.4 Practice methods 15

3.3.5 Questionnaire and Interview methods 20

3.3.6 Statistical methods for data processing 21

PART IV: RESULTS 22

4.1 The current status of waste source in Yen Tien Bamboo-weaving village 22

4.1.1 Origins arise of the waste in producing rattan and bamboo

Yen Tien Commune 22

4.1.2 The composition of wastes from producing rattan and bamboo

in Yen Tien Commune 22

4.1.3 The waste treatment in Yen Tien commune 23

4.1.4 Advantages and disadvantages in working waste treatment in the locality

of Yen Tien trade villages 24

4.2 Sampling Results Waste water produced 25

4.2.1 Waste water produced 25

4.2.2 Wastewater 29

4.2.3 Result of Questionnaire and Interview methods 32

4.3 Propose solutions for managing and handling wastes in Yen Tien craft villages 33

4.3.1 Raising awareness about productive waste management and encourage

community participation in the management productive waste management 33

4.3.2 The disposal solutions for waste and waste water to improve and minimize environmental pollution 33

4.3.3 The treatment method for water and wastewater 35

PART V: CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION 38

5.1 Conclusion 38

5.2 Dicusstion 38

REFERENCES 40

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2 1- Sources of waste generation in manufacturing rattan 5

Figure 4 1- The change in concentration of the substances in the wastewater

produced in 3 years 27

Figure 4 2- The change in concentration of the substances in the

wastewater produced in 3 years 28

Figure 4 3- The change in concentration of the substances in the wastewater

produced in 3 years 28

Figure 4 4- The change in concentration of the substances in the wastewater

in 3 years 31

Figure 4 5- The change in concentration of the substances in the wastewater

in 3 years 31

Figure 4 6- The change in concentration of the substances in the wastewater

in 3 years 32

Figure 4 7- The biological treatment of wastewater 36

Figure 4 8- Wastewater treatment by technology system using activated sludge 37

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Sampling method follow TCVN 15

Table 3.2 Analysis methods 15

Table 4.1 Composition of waste in Yen Tien villages rattan 23

Table 4.2 The analytical results of wastewater produced of Yen Tien in 2013 25

Table 4.3 The analytical results of wastewater produced of Yen Tien in 2014 26

Table 4.4 The analytical results of wastewater produced of Yen Tien in 2015 26

Table 4.5 The analytical results of wastewater of Yen Tien in 2013 29

Table 4.6 The analytical results of wastewater of Yen Tien in 2014 30

Table 4.7 The analytical results of wastewater of Yen Tien in 2015 30

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BVMT : Protect the Environment CTSX : Product wastes

ĐKTN : Natural conditions KT- XH : Economy - society UBND : Committee of the People

NTSX : Wastewater produced TCVN : Standard of Vietnam VSMT : Sanitation

QCVN : Regulation of Vietnam QLMT : Environmental Management

PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale

Currently, besides industrialization and modernization of the country and the economic achievements, traditional handicraft villages are also invested to develop, maintain cultural traditions But accompany with the rapid development of the producing, the environment have to receive a significant amount of waste That leads to the accumulation of pollutants overload as the harmful factor for human habitat Wastes from the manufacturing in the traditional craft villages being not managed properly will cause serious impact on the environment and human health In Vietnam, in recent years, environmental pollution in traditional craft villages is being more common and more serious that is responsible for environmental degradation of land, water, air The waste management of the ministries, branches and localities currently does not meet the requirements of the actual situation Therefore the risk of pollution from garbage is an urgent problem for most traditional craft villages in Viet Nam

As a traditional craft village of Y Yen district - Nam Dinh province, Yen Tien commune continuously develops along with the development pace of other traditional craft villages over whole country The producing scale of Yen Tien commune is constantly opened widely to meet demand of both domestic and abroad market As the result, waste volume also increases exponentially In Yen Tien commune, the productive waste management has also been local agencies established and managed However managing productive waste thoroughly to avoid environmental pollution is still a heavy burden for managers The new methods being suitable to the local conditions in reality are necessary Therefore the collecting and managing of productive waste and

Bamboo-weaving village in particular and in rural areas in general are being concerned

by departments and local offices to protect environment As situation mentioned above,

to assess and solve the problem of environment pollution in Yen Tien carft village, the

implementation of thesis: “Assessing the current state of water pollution in traditional bamboo-weaving village in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province”

is really necessary to pose suitable solutions in managing and reducing environment pollution effectively

1.2 Research’s objectives

- Find out the composition and proportion of waste types the local waste resources

- To assess of the water status in bamboo-weaving village in Yen Tien commune,

Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province

- To assess the current waste management in the traditional bamboo-weaving village in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province

- To propose measures to mitigate pollutants and wastewater treatment technologies in production

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses

- What is the overview of waste source in Yen Tien Bamboo-weaving village?

- How is the situation of environmental pollution due to waste water weaving village in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province

bamboo What are reasonable solutions and technologies to mitigate environmental pollution for bamboo-weaving village in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province

PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Scientific foundations

2.1.1 The basic definitions

Definition of waste: Waste is a product generated in the process of human

activities, industrial production, agriculture, trade, tourism, transport, activities in the family, schools, residential areas, restaurant Hotel Also, there is the rise in transport emissions as vehicles on land roads and, waterways Waste metals, chemicals and other materials

Definition of solid waste: Solid waste is understood as all the waste generated by

the activities of humans and animals exist in solid, was discarded when no longer useful

or when not want to use any more

Definition of industrial waste: Is the waste generated from the production mills,

factories and workshops, including:

- Solid waste hazardous: flammable, toxic for human health and corrosive many

other materials

- Non-hazardous solid waste

Definition of wastewater: Wastewater is generated in the production process from

the stages of production and service activities for production waste water in the production is very diverse, differ on composition as well as the amount of emissions and depend on many factors

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that

causes adverse change Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign

substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants Pollution is often classified as

point source or nonpoint source pollution (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 2010)

Vietnamese handicraft villages: in the past, after harvest time, Vietnamese people

made handicraft works to meet their own needs Their products are very skillful and sophisticated, even though they are farmers and do not specialize in handicrafts The techniques were kept secret, but taught to relatives or fellow villagers

2.1.2 Waste, wastewater classification

Hazardous solid wastes are those wastes is highly toxic to the environment and humans as the pim, batteries, oil machinery production, chemical compounds in the production

 Wastewater

Wastewater production dirty: water is generated during the production of products and cleansing machinery This water contains many toxic contaminants, microbes

Waste water production no dirty is generated primarily water when cooling equipment, cooling in the cooling station, moisture condensation, so this type of waste water is often conventionally clean water

2.1.3 Features of wastes in village’s production

In the production of bamboo and rattan villages, traditionally, waste mainly is waste water in handling raw materials and by-products surplus in the process production

of bamboo and rattan An essential component of wastes is organic compounds Specifically wastes in Yen Tien’s traditional villages of bamboo and rattan mainly water soaked bamboo, the amount of shredded bamboo redundancy in the production process, together with an amount of oil machines and lacquer

Figure 2 1- Sources of waste generation in manufacturing rattan

2.1.4 The generation sources wastes production

- From handling raw materials: bamboo soaking activities

- The manufacturing process in the factory

- Oil handling, cleaning, washing machines and production equipment

- Materials surplus production

- Paints, oil in the process of finalizing products

- Waste from the packaging, transporting the products

2.1.5 The impact of waste water to environmental and human health

• Effect on soil environment

The organic waste is decomposing microorganisms in the soil environment in two aerobic conditions and anaerobic When appropriate humidity will create a series of intermediate products, eventually forming simple minerals, water, CO2, CH4

With a volume of waste and seepage moderate self-cleaning ability of the soil to decompose these substances become less polluting substances or pollutants

But with the large amount of garbage beyond the capacity of land, self-cleaning soil will become overcrowded and polluted These contaminants with heavy metals, toxic substances and microbes in the soil under the water flowing down to pollute the aquifer This aquifer

For non-biodegradable garbage like plastic, rubber if no appropriate disposal solutions, they would be likely to cause degradation and reduced soil fertility

• Impacts on water environment

Solid waste, especially organic waste, in water will decompose quickly they combine with other water sources such as rainwater, groundwater, surface water seepage formation Water leakage move will increase the ability of biodegradable rubbish as well

as during transport of contaminants in the surrounding environment The environmental pollutants in the leachate potential include: COD: 3000 ÷ 45000 mg/l, N-NH3: 10÷800

mg / l, BOD5: 2000 ÷ 30000 mg/l, TOC (Carbon Organic total: 1500 ÷ 20000 mg/l, total Phosphorus from 1 ÷ 70 mg/l

The contaminants of the water change color to black, from no smell to smell unpleasant The concentration of organic contaminants made aquatic organisms in surface water is disturbed reduce the area lakes, reduces self-cleaning ability of the country, hindering the flow, ecosystem ponds destroyed Lead to water pollution

• Impacts on atmosphere

The biodegradable waste in temperature and humidity appropriate (optimum temperature is 350C and humidity of 70 ÷ 80%) will be the microbial decomposition odor and create more pollution gases Other adverse impact on the urban environment, the health and performance of humans

• Affecting human health

Wastes generated from the traditional village if not managed and handled properly will cause environmental pollution, adversely affecting community health and urban aesthetic

The composition is very complex, which contains the germs from human or animal and organic wastes, dead animals die create good conditions for flies, mosquitoes, rats reproductive and spread germs for people, sometimes become epidemic Some bacteria, viruses, parasites exist in trash can cause disease in humans, such as malaria, skin diseases, plague, typhoid, diarrhea, parasites, TB

According to the World Health Organization, worldwide there are 5 million people dead and nearly 40 million children suffering from diseases related to waste, 26 infections in the community are related to environmental pollution Prominent among the diseases caused by environmental pollution is a group of infectious diseases including respiratory infections, acute pneumonia, pharyngitis, flu, diarrhea, dysentery

syndrome, cerebral palsy, hemorrhage, inflammation viral hepatitis, There are also up

to 80% of Vietnam's population infected with helminths

Infections related to approximately 36.1% of respiratory, eye symptoms was 28.5% dysfunction lung ventilation was 22.8% Especially diseases related to environmental pollution affects children most

2.2 Legal basis

Locally, in recent years the issue of environmental management by the National Assembly, the Government of Vietnam and the authorities specified in the legal documents A series of documents specifying the advent of the powers, responsibilities and management practices and environmental protection

Strategy National Environmental Protection to 2010 driven by 2020, proposed common goal: "Limiting the extent of pollution and overcome recession and improve environmental quality; solve a fundamental step environmental degradation in the industrial park, crowded neighborhoods in large cities and some rural areas "

- Decree 81/2006/ND-CP dated 09/08/2006 Regulations on handling of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection

- Government Decree No 179/2013/ND-CP of November 14, 2013: Regulations

on handling violations of law in the field of environmental protection

- Decree of the Government No 19/201 /ND-CP dated 14/02/2015: regulations on environmental protection villages There are some specific provisions are as follows: Article 15 General provisions on environmental protection villages

Article 16 Responsibility for the environmental protection of production facilities

in the village

Article 17 Responsibility of communal People's Committee

Article 18 Responsibilities of People's Committees at district level

Article 21 Policies to encourage village development, production base of the business lines are encouraged to develop

2.3 Situation of wastewater pollution in traditional craft villages in Vietnam

According to the Vietnam Association of the village, there are about 2,800 villages, including 240 traditional villages, creating jobs for over 11 million workers Therefore, the traditional villages are being focused on investment and development in order to avoid erosion Currently, in rural areas, the pollution of water is at an alarming rate, particularly severe in the villages Most of the water in the villages are leaving the serious pollution The survey, a survey by the Ministry of Science - Technology showed 100% wastewater samples, even of surface and groundwater in villages are beyond the permitted standards Results of the surveying in 52 villages throughout the country typically show, 46% of the villages are heavily polluted environment (for air, water, land or on all three forms) Currently, environmental pollution in craft villages still have complicated, aggravated by increasingly dependent on various types of production and distribution of region: For sewage, pollution organic matter and food processing villages, food, farming and slaughter Concentrations of pollutants, COD and BOD5 least , reached Vietnam Regulations dozens of times Especially wastewater from pulp filtering and black powder splitting of starch producing process from cassava or arrowroot have low pH, concentration of BOD5, COD exceeding standard by over 200 times Meanwhile, inorganic pollutants mainly concentrated in the craft villages textile,

crafts and rattan, paper recycling, wastewater sludge and large concentrations of pollutants contained as solvents , residues in the process of dyeing, polishing

So far, the majority of waste water in the village is not discharged directly out through any stage of any treatment This sewerage backlog in anaerobic digestion often pollute the air and seep into the ground, cause soil pollution as well as groundwater quality degradation

2.4 Situation of wastewater pollution in the traditional villages in Nam Dinh

Nam Dinh province, 90 villages, including many industry groups are active producers, distributed in all nine districts and cities of which 15 villages specializing in production mechanics, she cast aluminum, copper, galvanized bleach, 19 village crafts, rattan, 7 weaving village, embroidery

The villages are mainly produced manually, with old equipment, outdated technology, work force mainly work experience "hereditary" Area villages are interspersed with residential areas Most villages have no planning, investment planning, management and treatment of waste sources in the long term as well as immediate

Investigations by authorities, nearly 50% of the villages are discharged wastes typical forms of pollution; including untreated sewage, seriously affecting people's health Aware of the environmental protection of the household, the production facilities

in the villages are weak so the pollution is increasing In many villages the pollution is considered very serious, especially rattan craft villages Yen Tien (Y Yen), mechanical casting Van Chang, Dong Coi (Nam Truc) Many villages using large quantities of chemicals such as acids, shot, plating solutions, organic solvents, paints (HCL,

aldehyde, acetone, phenol, Xyclohecxan) very harmful to the environment, influence

to human health and cause respiratory infections, allergies, skin diseases, gynecological diseases

According to the results of the assessment of pollution in 63 villages by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Nam Dinh province recently conducted, the type of mechanical manufacturing, textile, dye bleaching, crafts, rattan, manufacturing food-food variables are causing the most impact on the environment The monitoring results showed that parameters BOD5, COD, total N (TN) and total P (TP)

in many villages in the province have exceeded the permitted threshold, while NH3 pass parameters from 1.5 to more 13 times

2.5 Environment current status in Yen Tien trade village

For many years now, Yen Tien is one of the key communes of Nam Dinh province in economic development with more than 2,000 households (3,200 households

in total) participated in lacquer, worshiping, bamboo and rattan exports and 30 enterprises with large-scale production

Thanks to the development of handicrafts so that in a few recent years the economic life of the people in the commune are improving, many families get rich quickly However, due to unplanned development, does not focus on the environmental protection measures, this habitat is heavily contaminated, which direct impacts on the life and health of people in the commune as well as surrounding areas

Bamboo and cork pieced is causing severe environmental pollution, due to processing stages soaked bamboo material before being to put into production Estimated daily average, Yen Tien using150-200 tons of bamboo Each year, the people

in this commune use about 70,000 tons of bamboo material To produce the finished

product, the amount of this material should be handled in compulsory stages is soaked under water for 2 to 3 months

Due to the large amount of material, so all of these points in surface water in the communal areas where people employed to soak bamboo and cork All areas of the Yen Tien’s surface water gradually turns black, thick, foul smell concentration anonymously The conclusion of the analysis also confirmed in Yen Tien surface water can not be used for any other purpose, including agricultural irrigation Also, due to prolonged periods, pollution was absorbed from ponds, lakes into groundwater All dug wells, drilled well, underground water source of Yen Tien also are dark, and a strange smell Meanwhile, clean water from water factory Y Yen can only supply high demand of more than 50%

of households in the commune, while the rest have to use rain water, water from wells filters to life

For many resent years, every day people must smell of soaked bamboo water rising from the ponds and canals in the village

From the interview Mr Nguyen Van Hien locals said: On summer days, people have closed all the doors, otherwise could not stand the stench stormed into the house Two main irrigation canal are S40 and S48 commune throughout the year are bamboo soaked sealed flow, in the rainy season, water is not drained away, stagnant smelly concentration anonymously

Due to the impact of environmental pollution should the recent years, the proportion of people suffering from respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal, skin diseases and eye diseases in the commune increased, the percentage of active trachoma is 1 student , 28%, is the most worrisome given year commune had several cases of deaths from

The Center's survey data monitoring and analysis environment (Department of natural resources and the environment of Nam Dinh Province) showed that environmental pollution in the Yen Tien craft village has reached alarming levels of toxic harmful substances, which always released into the environment with out of the prescribed permit, as COD concentrations exceed domestic: standard 1.1-2.3 times the permitted Vietnam; BOD5 parameters exceed 1.24-1.68 times; suspended solids beyond 1.07 times; parameters for NH3 beyond 1.5-6.2; Coliform exceeded the 1.96-3.3 times Besides, the indicators of the dust, the noise in Yen Tien also exceed the level allows

PART III: METHODS

3.1 The objects of research

Research sources of waste generation, environmental pollution and environmental management the bamboo and rattan of Yen Tien village

3.2 Location and research time

The research location in Yen Tien commune - Y Yen district - Nam Dinh province

Time: From Match 2015 to July 2015

3.3 Research Methodology

3.3.1 The secondary method collection

Collecting and using the documents related to bamboo and rattan in Yen Tien commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province

The data and information about pollution, management, treatment the waste produced in Vietnam and around the world were gathered through documents (press, conferences, journals, books) were published and through information on the Internet

3.3.2 Research methodology theory

- Collecting the documents related to the production technology of bamboo and rattan craft village

- Looking up the documentation relating to the taking and analyzing samples

- Using previous research as a basis

3.3.3 Survey methodology reality

Sampling surface water at producing facilities by using specialized equipment

Table 3 1- Sampling method follow TCVN

No Parameter Code Standard

Table 3 2- Analysis methods

No Parameter Code Standard

Standard Methods for the examination of water and wasewater

- Metals b Electrothermal Atonic Absortion Spectromatry

6 Mn, Fe,

NO3-- N

SMEWW 3111B-2012

Standard Methods for the examination of water and wasewater – Driect Air – Acetylene Flame Method

7

Cd

SMEWW 3111B-2012

Standard Methods for the examination of water and wasewater

- Metals b Electrothermal Atonic Absortion Spectromatry

Sampling from the factory and analyze samples at the lab, treatment the data were measured at the factory to get the appropriate data comparable to standards of environmental regulation under Vietnam law

These measurements are performed quickly at the scene measure

The indicators analyzed according to international standards such as APHA 2012, ASTM 2006, the EAP and the current standards of Vietnam

Sampling method and analysis method: Wastewater samples are taken at the

point of discharge of the factory and at the pond dipping fresh bamboo

Chemicals and Instruments

K2Cr2O7 (Kali dicromat) crystals PA

HOOCC6H4O4 (Kaliphtalat) PA

KNaC4H4O4 (Kali-natri tactrat) PA

KOH (Kali hidroxit) PA

Acid Sunfanilic PA

NH4Cl (amoniclorua) PA

Inhibitors of the nitrated Alylthiorea PA

NH4MoO4 (Amoni Molipđat) PA

NH4VO3 (Amoni Vanađat) PA

NaH2PO4 (natriđihiđrophotphat) PA