Application the activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment in machinery spare parts no 1 joint stock company (FUTU 1)

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM MINH TUAN APPLICATION CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS ON LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT IN MACHINERY

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

PHAM MINH TUAN

APPLICATION CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS ON LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT IN MACHINERY

SPARE PARTS NO.1 JOINT STOCK COMPANY (FUTU 1)

BACHELOR THESIS

Study mode : Full-time

Major : Environmental science and management

Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office

Thai Nguyen, 20/08/ 2018

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management

Thesis Title

Application the Activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment in Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company (FUTU 1)

Supervisor (s) Assoc Prof Nguyen Hung Quang

of sampling and assessment about liquid waste result By the process in FUTU 1

to give conclusion about level of water in FUTU 1 and give comment for company leaders about solution if the factory have problem

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To complete this thesis, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the School Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, International program office and all the teachers in the school have taught me basic knowledge, lessons, and valuable experiences so that I can visualize what I need to do when I do internship as well as apply that knowledge during the internship and writing report

In particular, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors,

Assoc Prof Nguyen Hung Quang for their invaluable useful comments,

remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis

Finally, I would like to thank the environmental department of Machinery spare parts NO.1 joint stock , for giving me a chance to internship at the

company In particular, Mr Vu Xuan Tinh, also all members in group give me

an opportunity, guidance and helped me during my internship

I would like to sincerely thank!

Student

Pham Minh Tuan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES iv

LIST OF TABLE v

PART I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1.Research rationale 1

1.2.Research’s objective 2

1.3.Research questions and hypotheses 2

1.4.Limitations 2

1.5.Definitions 3

PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1.Theoretical background 6

2.1.1.Water pollution 6

2.1.2.Causes of Water Pollution 6

2.1.3.The effect of water pollution: 8

2.2.Law of environment 11

2.3.The situation of water pollution in Thai Nguyen 12

PART III METHODS 15

3.1.Material: 15

3.2 Methods 15

3.2.1 Job-training content 15

PART IV RESULTS 29

4 Results 29

4.1.The amount water discharge per day 29

4.2.Collect water waste after treatment 1 time per week 29

PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 31

5.1 Discussion 31

5.2 Conclusion 31

REFERENCES 33

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures 3.3 Diagram of chemical, physical and activated sludge 18Figures 4.1 the water discharge per day 29

LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.2 The standard of water waste after treatment 16 Table 4.2 Quality of waste water analysis after treatment Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 4.3 The mean of output value after treatment 41

PART I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research rationale

Nowadays the environmental are most important in our life It is not only a living space, a place to entertain our natural landscapes and make us more comfortable, but also provide natural resources to serve in the process of production and consumption According to some Yale studies (Sweden, 2006), Vietnam is one of the eight lowest ranking countries in Southeast Asia for the environment The biggest problem is the increase of waste from industrial factories to environmental pollution Each factory has its own waste treatment system and depends on the technology used

This report about the study and job-training in 3 month in Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company (FUTU 1) live in Mo Che ward, Song Cong city, Thai Nguyen province When the project starts operation It will bring many benefits for the socio-economic development of Thai Nguyen province such as with 130,000

m2 and 1200 people with 182 engineer and 300 skilled workers Socio-economic development and independence of the region, and a net contribution to the province; Project multipliers such as social infrastructure, businesses, and peripheral employment; estimated US$20 million corporate tax and royalties over the 50 year mine life; Estimated 12,000 MW hours per month in power consumption Creation of opportunities for local business to expand and new business to develop during the project’s at least 50 years of production Producing, buying and selling materials, equipment, spare parts of engines and agricultural machines Producing and trading mechanical products, tools for agriculture, forestry, fishery and transportation Manufacture of spare parts, assembly and repair of automobiles and motorcycles

In addition to its benefits, it also has a strong negative impact on the environment in general and the water environment in particular One of the most important and essential factors for the life of organisms on earth in general and the person in particular is the water

Derived from the reality, through the agreement of Dean of Environmental Faculty and Advance Education Program Office - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry the report about job-training study about: “Application chemical, physical and the activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment in FUTU 1in Mo Che ward, Song Cong city, Thai Nguyen province”

1.2 Research’s objective

- Assessment of water quality of FUTU 1 company

- Identify sources of water pollution of company

- Propose some solutions to enhance the environmental protection of FUTU 1 company

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses

- What is an overview of Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company ?

- What is current situation of water quality Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company ?

- What is Method and principle of operation of wastewater treatment technology

in Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company ?

- Does the effluent quality meet the requirements of the environmental law?

1.4 Limitations

- Due to limitation of time and resources, this study mainly focuses on using chemical, physical and the activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment of FUTU 1 company

- The time job-training not enough for study all about environment in FUTU 1 company

1.5 Definitions

1 What is waste ?

A natural part of the life cycle, waste occurs when any organism returns substances to the environment Living things take in raw materials and excrete wastes that are recycled by other living organ-isms However, humans produce an additional flow of material residues that would overload the capacity of natural recy-cling processes, so these wastes must be managed in order to reduce their effect on our

aesthetics, health, or the environment

Solid and fluid, hazardous and non-toxic wastes are generated in our households, offices, schools, hospi-tals, and industries No society is immune from day-to-day issues associated with waste disposal How waste is handled often depends

on its source and characteristics, as well as any local, state, and federal regulations that govern its management Practices generally differ for residences and industries, in

urban and rural areas, and for developed and developing countries

2 What is industry waste ?

Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, industries, mills, and mining operations It has existed since the start of the

Industrial Revolution

Toxic waste, chemical waste, industrial solid waste and liquid waste are designations of industrial wastes Sewage treatment plants can treat some industrial wastes, i.e those consisting of conventional pollutants such as biochemical oxygen

demand (BOD) Industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants require specialized

treatment systems

- Classification of liquid waste:

+ Daily waste: Waste of all workers and staff during their life and work at the company

+ Waste from the production process: Liquid waste (oil, grease, toxic chemicals)

- Pollution Management and Control

There are many approaches that could be adopted in water pollution control and management It could be through prevention, practice efforts or join a project/program; Regulation and monitoring or engaging in control measures by reducing or minimizing waste Prevention of water pollution according to Wikipedia includes the following ways:

(i) Wash your car far away from any storm water drains

(ii) Don’t throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewer drains

(iii) inspects your septic system every 3 – 5 years

(iv) avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can run off into water systems (v) sweep your driveway instead of hosing it down

(vi) always pump your waste-holding tanks on your boat

(vii) use non-toxic cleaning materials

(viii) clean up oil and other liquid spills with kitty litter and sweep them up (ix) don’t wash paints brushes in the sink Another way is to join or get involved with pollution prevention is to practice efforts on your own or join projects or programme Some of these are available with the Environmental Protection Agency website (EPA)

Regulation and monitoring is an effective way of pollution management Many

nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as

well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution

Pollution control means to control the emissions and effluents into the air, water

and land or soil Without pollution control, the waster products from consumptions,

heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities,

whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment Pollution

prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control

However, pollution could be minimize by adopting these practices (i) by recycling, (ii)

by reusing, (iii) waste minimization, (iv) by mitigating, (v) by preventing, (vi) by

compost

Apart from all these mentioned above, you can also use pollution control

devices which include dust collection system example bag houses, cyclones,

electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers example: baffle spray scrubber, ejector venture

scrubber, mechanically aided scrubbers, spray tower, wet scrubber, sewage treatment

Sedimentation (primary treatment), activated sludge bio filters (secondary treatment,

also used for industrial waste water), aerated lagoons, constructed wetlands (also used

in urban runoff); industrial wastewater treatment e.g ultra filtration, API oil-water

separators, bio filters, dissolved air flotation (DAF), powdered activated carbon

treatment; the last but not the least are vapour recovery system and phytoremediation

PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical background

2.1.1 Water pollution

Water they say is life, and indeed they were right With about 70% of the earth’s cover being water, it undeniably becomes one of our greatest resources As young students, we learned about the various ways to conserve water; coming to think of it, water is used in almost every important human chores and processes It is an important element in both domestic as well as industrial purposes However a closer inspection

of our water resources today, give us a rude shock Infested with waste ranging from floating plastic bags to chemical waste, our water bodies have turned into a pool of poison The contamination of water bodies in simplest words means water pollution Thereby the abuse of lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, reservoirs etc is water pollution Pollution of water occurs when substances that will modify the water in negative fashion are discharged in it This discharge of pollutants can be direct as well as indirect As per the Economist report (dated 2008) each day over 1000 children die of diarrheal sickness in India and the numbers have only increased alarming in the last five years Water is polluted by both natural as well as man-made activities Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, Tsunamis etc are known to alter water and contaminate it, also affecting ecosystems that survive under water

2.1.2 Causes of Water Pollution

1 Industrial waste:

Industries produce huge amount of waste which contains toxic chemicals and pollutants which can cause air pollution and damage to us and our environment They contain pollutants such as lead, mercury, sulphur, asbestos, nitrates and many other

harmful chemicals Many industries do not have proper waste management system and drain the waste in the fresh water which goes into rivers, canals and later in to sea The toxic chemicals have the capability to change the color of water, increase the amount

of minerals, also known as Eutrophication, change the temperature of water and pose serious hazard to water organisms

2 Sewage and waste water:

The sewage and waste water that is produced by each household is chemically treated and released in to sea with fresh water The sewage water carries harmful bacteria and chemicals that can cause serious health problems Pathogens are known as

a common water pollutant; The sewers of cities house several pathogens and thereby diseases Microorganisms in water are known to be causes of some very deadly diseases and become the breeding grounds for other creatures that act like carriers These carriers inflict these diseases via various forms of contact onto an individual A very common example of this process would be Malaria

3 Mining activities:

Mining is the process of crushing the rock and extracting coal and other minerals from underground These elements when extracted in the raw form contains harmful chemicals and can increase the amount of toxic elements when mixed up with water which may result in health problems Mining activities emit several metal waste and sulphides from the rocks and is harmful for the water

Marine dumping: The garbage produce by each household in the form of paper, aluminum, rubber, glass, plastic, food if collected and deposited into the sea in some countries These items take from 2 weeks to 200 years to decompose When such items enters the sea, they not only cause water pollution but also harm animals in the sea

4 Accidental Oil leakage:

Oil spill pose a huge concern as large amount of oil enters into the sea and does not dissolve with water; there by opens problem for local marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters For e.g.: a ship carrying large quantity of oil may spill oil if met with an accident and can cause varying damage to species in the ocean depending on the quantity of oil spill, size of ocean, toxicity of pollutant

5 Burning of fossil fuels:

Fossil fuels like coal and oil when burnt produce substantial amount of ash in the atmosphere The particles which contain toxic chemicals when mixed with water vapor result in acid rain Also, carbon dioxide is released from burning of fossil fuels which result in global warming

6 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides:

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect crops from insects and bacterias They are useful for the plants growth However, when these chemicals are mixed up with water produce harmful for plants and animals Also, when it rains, the chemicals mixes up with rainwater and flow down into rivers and canals which pose serious damages for aquatic animals

2.1.3 The effect of water pollution:

2.3.1 On human health:

To put it bluntly: Water pollution kills In fact, it caused 1.8 million deaths in

2015, according to a study published in The Lancet Contaminated water can also make you ill Every year, unsafe water sickens about 1 billion people And low-income communities are disproportionately at risk because their homes are often closest to the most polluting industries

Waterborne pathogens, in the form of disease-causing bacteria and viruses from human and animal waste, are a major cause of illness from contaminated drinking water Diseases spread by unsafe water include cholera, giardia, and typhoid Even in wealthy nations, accidental or illegal releases from sewage treatment facilities, as well

as runoff from farms and urban areas, contribute harmful pathogens to waterways Thousands of people across the United States are sickened every year by Legionnaires’ disease (a severe form of pneumonia contracted from water sources like cooling towers and piped water), with cases cropping up from California’s Disneyland to Manhattan’s Upper East Side

Meanwhile, the plight of residents in Flint, Michigan—where cost-cutting measures and aging water infrastructure created the recent lead contamination crisis—offers a stark look at how dangerous chemical and other industrial pollutants in our water can be The problem goes far beyond Flint and involves much more than lead, as

a wide range of chemical pollutants—from heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury to pesticides and nitrate fertilizers—are getting into our water supplies Once they’re ingested, these toxins can cause a host of health issues, from cancer to hormone disruption

to altered brain function Children and pregnant women are particularly at risk

Even swimming can pose a risk Every year, 3.5 million Americans contract health issues such as skin rashes, pinkeye, respiratory infections, and hepatitis from sewage-laden coastal waters, according to EPA estimates

When water pollution causes an algal bloom in a lake or marine environment, the proliferation of newly introduced nutrients stimulates plant and algae growth, which in turn reduces oxygen levels in the water This dearth of oxygen, known as eutrophication, suffocates plants and animals and can create “dead zones,” where waters are essentially devoid of life In certain cases, these harmful algal blooms can also produce neurotoxins that affect wildlife, from whales to sea turtles

Chemicals and heavy metals from industrial and municipal wastewater contaminate waterways as well These contaminants are toxic to aquatic life—most often reducing an organism’s life span and ability to reproduce—and make their way

up the food chain as predator eats prey That’s how tuna and other big fish accumulate high quantities of toxins, such as mercury

Marine ecosystems are also threatened by marine debris, which can strangle, suffocate, and starve animals Much of this solid debris, such as plastic bags and soda cans, gets swept into sewers and storm drains and eventually out to sea, turning our oceans into trash soup and sometimes consolidating to form floating garbage patches Discarded fishing gear and other types of debris are responsible for harming more than

200 different species of marine life

Meanwhile, ocean acidification is making it tougher for shellfish and coral to survive Though they absorb about a quarter of the carbon pollution created each year

by burning fossil fuels, oceans are becoming more acidic This process makes it harder for shellfish and other species to build shells and may impact the nervous systems of sharks, clownfish, and other marine life

2.2 Law of environment

- Law on Environmental Protection 2014, No 55/2014/ QH13 dated 23/6/2014

of the National Assembly, effective from 01/01/2015

- Decree No 179/1999/ ND-CP dated December 30, 1999 of the Government stipulating the implementation of the Law on Water Resources and came into effect on January 15, 2000

- Decree No 19/2015/ ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 by the Government on the regulation

- Detailed implementation of some articles of the Law on Environmental Protection 2014

- Decree No 179/2013/ ND-CP dated November 14, 2013 of the Government stipulating administrative sanctions in the field of environmental protection

- Circular 36/2015/ TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulates the management of hazardous waste

- Resolution No 41/ NQ / TW dated November 15, 2004 on environmental protection in the period of accelerating national industrialization and modernization

- Directive No 36/ CT-TW of June 25, 1998 of the Politburo on enhancing the environmental protection in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country

- Decision No 185/ QĐ- UBND dated 24/01/2007 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee promulgating the "Project on environmental protection in the period of accelerating national industrialization and modernization in the 2006-2020 period and The next years"

- The environmental protection regulation of Thai Nguyen province is in accordance with Decision No 1593/2002 / QĐUB dated 04/06/2002 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee

National standards, technical regulations, environmental decisions

2.3 The situation of water pollution in Thai Nguyen

In recent years, Thai Nguyen has had strong development steps in the economy, step by step improving the social life However, Thai Nguyen has been facing enormous challenges in terms of environmental pollution, with a series of industrial parks rising, which in turn has severely affected the environment, affecting lives of people The project of environmental protection in Thai Nguyen province from 2015

to 2021 has been formally approved by the Provincial People's Council in order to focus thoroughly on urgent environmental issues in the area By 2020, Thai Nguyen city has about 90% of municipal waste and 70% of daily garbage in inner cities, towns and districts are collected, treated and 100% , industrial clusters fully comply with environmental protection regulations; Preventing and remedying pollution in residues

of plant protection chemicals

To be specific, localities will deal with 100% of establishments causing serious environmental pollution; relocate polluting establishments in population quarters into industrial parks and clusters; To overcome the pollution in the areas of mineral exploitation and processing, focusing on the areas around waste plots and open-pit mining pits

The environmental protection project in the period of 2016-2021 was approved in the context of increasing environmental pollution in Thai Nguyen, and the nature of violations of environmental protection law has become increasingly complex

The source of water pollution in the province of Thai Nguyen province is mainly:

- Industrial production activities

- Living activities

- Infrastructure development

According to the preliminary statistics, every day the whole province discharged over 400 tons of daily-life waste, but the amount of waste collected and treated was only about 36%, separate medical waste is collected, treated hygienically just over 50% The results of the annual environmental monitoring showed that the water environment was polluted locally, especially in Nui Voi Cement Plant, Quang Son Cement Plant (Dong Hy district), Factory La Hien Cement (Vo Nhai district) More worri some, around the mine coal mining water content has exceeded the standards allowed up to 5 times Along with the water pollution, land environment in the area near the industrial zone showed marked heavy metal contamination, such as rice fields near the Song Cong industrial zone the content of Zn exceeds 8.9 times , Cd content exceeded 11 times; In Thai Nguyen Iron and Steel Factory, the content of Pb exceeds 2.8 times, the content of Zn exceeds 46.6 times Especially in the areas of mining and processing of minerals mainly exploited in the direction of Formal exposure, mechanical handicrafts have caused adverse impacts on the environment, causing loss

of resources such as at the mine sites: Village Cam, Lemongrass Village, Trai Can iron mine More harmful, at a The mining of Khanh Hoa, Phan Me, Nui Hong, and Trai Cau iron mine, which has been exploited by the open-cast mine, has created the mining pits more than 100 m above sea level and pumped more than 100 m above the surface This will have to be rectified in time To ensure economic development along with environmental protection