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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION& TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LÊ ĐỨC HÙNG DOCTORAL DISSERTATION ON COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE PRACTICED BY THE PEOPLE

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION& TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

LÊ ĐỨC HÙNG

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION

ON

COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE PRACTICED BY

THE PEOPLE’S PUBLIC SECURITY

Major: PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

Code: 9.34.34.03

HA NOI – 2019

The dissertation is accomplished at the

National Academy of Public Administration

2 Dr Nguyễn Bùi Nam

Reviewer 1:

Reviewer 2:

Reviewer 3:

The dissertation is upheld in the presence of NAPA Doctoral Assessment Board, at the National Academy of Public Administration

Time: , date 2019

The dissertation can be found at the National Library of Vietnam or the Library

of the National Academy of Public Administration.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

1

“Some issues on the communicative culture by the people’s public

security”, People’s Public Security Magazine of Political Theory, No

29-03/2018;

2

“Building the communicative culture and code of conduct for cadres

and officers of the Capital’s Public Security in the new context”, State

Management Magazine, No 271 (8/2018)

INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale

Communications by the people’s public security, including the public security force in the capital, are one of the core issues in the public administration reform towards democratic values and citizen-friendly public administration

In recent time, economic development has given rise to major social changes, involving a lot more burden on the public security force and complicatedness in their mission, with new circumstances arising Given such a situation, communications by the public security force have changed accordingly Practical experience shows that several scandals have resulted from inappropriate communicative behaviours exhibited

by the public security force, not only causing them to fail to fulfil their job but also compounding the problem In response to that issue, the state is now proceeding with a study to find ways to build a modern culture in the civil service to meet the practical demand for sustainable development

To respond to the new context characterized by socio-economic changes, technological advance, and imported cultural elements, it is urgent to study, in a systematic manner, the building of new communicative values and skills to be acquired by the public security force In the context of international integration, promoting the political strength must take precedence over the building of the armed forces so as to ensure the special power that is built into the people’s public security

In order to build a people-friendly communicative culture, special emphasis must be placed on communicative activities as a strategic task and an underlying foundation for developing the armed forces Communicative culture is expected to work as a means

to win the people’s trust Therefore, it is necessary to study the communicative practice of the public security force and to define determinants thereof, with aims to establish a specific communicative culture as a way to ensure the effective communications

Given such a rationale, the author takes up the topic “Communicative culture practiced by the people’s public security” for the doctoral dissertation

2 Research questions and methodology

2.1 Research questions

The dissertation is expected to find answers to the following research questions:

- What is the communicative culture by the Vietnamese people’s public security defined?

- How is the communicative culture currently practiced by the Vietnamese people’s public security?

- What should be done to improve the communicative culture to be practiced by the Vietnamese people’s public security?

The communicative culture practiced by the people’s public security is defined

as rational and equitable conducts and behaviours exhibited by them in their dealing with the people and the colleague while performing official duty That communicative culture will help to build the people’s public security as a sharp tool to protect the Party, the regime, the revolutionary fruits, and the people Practical experience shows that the currently practiced communicative culture by the people’s public security sees too many inadequacies for them to fulfil their role as the real public security force in the people’s eye Therefore, solutions to these problems will help improve the communicative culture expected of this contingent

3 Research objectives and missions

3.1 Research objectives

By establishing scientific and practical bases for the communicative culture by the people’s public security, the dissertation is aimed to find solutions so as to improve the said culture

as to form the theoretical bases for the research

- To analyze and assess legal regulations and the practice of communicative culture by the Vietnamese people’s public security so as to point out inadequacies to

be resolved

- Upon study of theoretical and practical issues relevant to communicative culture by the people’s public security, the dissertation raises scientific arguments and recommends theories and solutions to improving the said culture

4 Research object and scope

In theoretical terms, the dissertation has not only systematized the theoretical basis for the general communications like other previous research works, but also sought to improve such communications towards forming communicative culture for a system, specifically the people’s public security:

- The dissertation has defined the improvement of the communicative culture as the top strategic mission of the people’s public security in order to fulfil the duties entrusted by the Party and the people

- Given such a research direction, the dissertation has built a set of evaluation criteria and a set of methods for organizing communications as a basis on which the communicative culture is built This will direct communicative activities towards sustainable values

- The dissertation has built theoretical issues to point out how to ensure effective communicative culture

- The dissertation has recommended some solutions to improving the communicative culture to be practiced by the Vietnamese people’s public security

6.2 In practical terms

The dissertation has analyzed the communicative culture by the people’s public security and its characteristics, whereby contrasting the communicative culture exhibited by this contingent against that exhibited by other types of state officials The dissertation has assessed the communicative culture currently practiced by the people’s public security so as to provide a more panoramic view of this matter Based on scientific demonstration both theoretically and practically, the dissertation has raised solutions to improving the communicative culture by the people’s public security in the coming time

New contributions in theoretical terms are made in the following three aspects First, the dissertation has, based on the set of evaluation criteria, produced survey findings on which general assessment of the communicative culture by the people’s public security is made, and analyzed the aspects in which culture is practiced: types

of public security force, types of operation, regions The dissertation has also assessed the findings based on constituent values of culture such as truth, kindness, and beauty…

Secondly, the dissertation has defined conditions and the extent to which effective communicative culture is ensured for the public security force, whereby recommending solutions in response to the practical demand

Thirdly, to put solutions into practice, the dissertation has been focused on refining the set of evaluation criteria against which the communicative culture by type

of operation is assessed The dissertation has raised specific proposals for revising operational regulations and policies applied to this force as well as penalties The dissertation has also recommended how to apply the set of evaluation criteria: integrating into specific activities of this force such as movement building, typical exemplary model, control and assessment

7 Theoretical and practical significance

of the people’s public security

The dissertation can be used as a monograph or the research and teaching of communication, conduct and regulations for the people’s public security

Following the dissertation, other studies may be undertaken on the communicative culture in general and the communicative culture by the people’s public security in particular

8 Structure of the dissertation

The dissertation is structured as follows:

Introduction

Chapter 1: Literature review

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis for the communicative culture by the people’s public security

Chapter 3: Reality in the communicative culture by the people’s public security Chapter 4: Guidelines and solutions to improving the communicative culture

by the people’s public security

Conclusion

List of research works by the author

List of references

Appendices

CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 The extent to which relevant research works have been conducted

General judgment of relevant research: The extent to which research has been undertaken: International and domestic research into the communicative culture among the people’s public security includes doctoral and master dissertations, ministerial-level scientific research or higher, monographs, research articles, magazines, seminars, articles on the web forum There are doctoral theses on communicative skills by civil servants Most others are seminar articles, monographs, and scientific articles

With respect to the communicative culture in the people’s public security, some documents are relevant to the following contents: The concept, content, characteristics, requirements, methods of performing communication activities; structure of the communicative culture and the method of constructing the communicative culture Regarding the extent to which research is undertaken: Major state-level projects have only discussed the culture in the civil service in general or one part of the communicative culture such as the code of conduct of the public security force Other research papers on the communicative culture of the public security force are limited within training materials and scientific articles

1.2 General issues on communication and communication in the civil service

Relevant documents have virtually introduced the method of performing communication skills in some general situations in civil service practice However, there exist many other situations and types of communication relevant to decision-making, instruction, conflict resolution, individual and collective disputes specific to the performance of security that have not been analyzed or demonstrated thoroughly

In general, there have not been specific policies and regulations about the system of principles and guidelines, or the rules of conduct relevant for communication based on which agencies and organizations can adapt them to their contexts

1.3 With respect to the communicative culture and organizing for performing communication in the civil service

Relevant documents have virtually introduced the method of performing communication skills in some general situations in civil service practice However, there exist many other situations and types of communication relevant to decision-making, instruction, conflict resolution, individual and collective disputes specific to the performance of security that have not been analyzed or demonstrated thoroughly Thus, in terms of communication in the civil service, relevant documents have discussed the characteristics and principles of communication in consistence with the nature, requirements and objectives of communication in the civil service Especially, although the characteristics and principles are analyzed against criteria of aesthetics,

behaviour and influence level, such documents have not built a system of criteria related to cultural factors in official communication Neither have they built a system

of cultural communication criteria for a specific sector

Documents on organizing and judging communication activities are limited to providing general evaluation criteria, without profoundly studying the specific communicative culture of particular sector and area

With respect to communication practice in particular sectors and areas

The relevant document has introduced the nature and concept of communication, the nature of official communication, methods and ways to perform communicative skills, methods of understanding and analyzing the audience being communicated with

so as to adopt an appropriate communicative method In particular, this document highlights the preparation and procedure for conducting presentation activities

* Regarding the communicative culture by the public security force: Relevant research works have generalized common perceptions about the communication practiced by the administrative police for social order, in which they have provided clear analysis on the nature of the said communication and its characteristics The research works have made theoretical contributions relevant to the conduct of the public security force in the following aspects: Defining the significance for improving the conduct of the public security force; introducing the conditions, contexts, and determinants that affect the performance of conduct; analyzing both domestic and foreign factors

* With respect to international practice of the communicative culture by the public security force: scientific presentations by experts in the police force of England, Japan, France, Australia, Laos and China have pointed out the necessity, both theoretically and practically, to dispose specialized forces to ensure security and order

in rural areas Typical publications of foreign authors relevant to communicative culture have made new contributions by linking cultural values with the manifestations

of communication activities However, the limitations of these works are that they have not built a system of cultural values in communication Neither have they showed how to manage and build a uniform and consistent communicative culture in the organization On the other hand, these works have not discussed the communicative culture in specific forces

1.4 Assessment of research work relevant to the dissertation

As such, such research works have contributed certain theoretical and practical values relevant to the conduct of the public security force However, such works are only limited to theories and solutions to improving the conduct, without fully addressing other types of communication They have not studied profoundly the content and skills of official communication in various forms and cases, such as reports, conference statements, interviews, presentation activities, guest receptions and transaction with citizens Regarding communicative culture in the civil service,

relevant documents have discussed the characteristics and principles of communication in consistence with the nature, requirements and objectives of communication in the civil service Especially, although the characteristics and principles are analyzed against criteria of aesthetics, behaviour and influence level, such documents have not built a system of criteria related to cultural factors in official communication Neither have they built a system of cultural communication criteria for a specific sector

Unresolved issues

Firstly, regarding the theory of official communication in particular sectors and

areas, the theory of official communicative culture among the public security force has not been developed or elucidated There has not been specific research on situations and types of communication or communicative culture, which takes into account the characteristics of the capital's public security force so as to form a basis for official communication, whereby enforcing relations of state power and fulfilling the mission

of the civil service

Secondly, determinants that influence the communicative culture of the people’s

public security have not been systematized or analyzed to form a basis to account for the positive and negative aspects of official communication practiced by the people’s public security

Thirdly, the practice of communicative culture by the people’s public security

force has not been thoroughly or systematically assessed in a study with an interdisciplinary approach, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches

Fourthly, a system of criteria for evaluating and developing official

communicative culture has not been built There exist no measures for developing the communicative culture for the people’s public security with a comprehensive and systematic approach

Upon review of relevant research, it is seen that practical demand has given rise

to the necessity for a more comprehensive study of the communicative culture by the people’s public security It is necessary to identify the implication and characteristics

of the communicative culture by the people’s public security and define the role of the multi-dimensional approach Such a study should point out the determinants that influence the communicative culture, highlight positive values and irrelevant factors, propose solutions to developing and improving the communicative culture of the people’s public security, build a "professional, accountable, dynamic, transparent and effective civil service" while ensuring that they deserve the title: the public security force of the people, by the people, and for the people

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE

BY THE PEOPLE’S PUBLIC SECURITY

2.1 Theory on culture and communicative culture

2.1.1 Theory on communication

Communication is defined as the practice of establishing and performing social relationships between man, or between man and social elements so as to satisfy certain needs Communication is the process of exchanging information between a speaker and a listener to serve a certain purpose Communication is the transmission of what one wants to say to others so that the audience can understand the messages transmitted

Communication performs psychological and social functions such as information, coordination, control, motivation and stimulation

Communication is also an important tool that enables organizational managers to function Communication is an important opportunity for managers to influence and exhibit their superiority over other officials, civil servants or managers Communication is a very important skill in the daily life of a person in general and particularly in the performance of civil service

2.1.2 Concept of communicative culture

Communicative culture is a part of the overall culture, referring to the cultured communications between people in the society (polite communication, friendly attitude, openness, sincerity, with respect to each other) It is the combination of various elements: words, gestures, behaviours, attitudes, conduct Communicative culture is the behaviours opted for when people communicate with each other so as to achieve the communication purpose to a certain extent on one hand, while satisfying other party on the other, in accordance with specific circumstances and conditions Culture works to organize and regulate the society, helping people communicate and disseminate information Culture educates and socializes people Culture is both the spiritual foundation of society and the goal and driving force for the society to develop throughout time and space Culture is the glue that binds people together Culture is characterized by systematism, value, humanity, and historicity

Functions of culture: First, culture has the function of organizing Second is the function of regulating Thirdly, culture has the function of communication Fourthly, culture has the function of educating In addition to the four basic functions, culture assumes other functions such as cognitive function, aesthetic function, recreational function However, they are all constituent or derivative elements of the four basic functions as stated (for example, the aesthetic function and the recreational function can only be found in art, which is a component of culture; the cognitive function is one part of the function of educating)

The combination of the two terms of culture and communication results in the perception of communicative culture as follows: Firstly, culture means good values that has influential effects on the thinking, ways of action and the conduct of every member of an organization; at the same time, it helps to create beautiful images and

"brands" for the members; Secondly, the “culture” element in the term of communicative culture is seen as an adjective Therefore, communicative culture is understood as the ways, the criteria and standards for communication to be performed

by members of the organization in accordance with the cultural foundations of the organization and of the nation embracing that organization; Thirdly, the communication by the organization members itself assumes certain cultural values, which are characterized by historical values of that organization and of the nation

The relation between communicative culture, conduct and official culture

Progressive countries all desire a professional, clean, democratic and objective civil service to ensure an effective and efficient state apparatus in order to better serve the people Official culture, therefore, is considered as a system of values, behaviours, symbols and standards formed during the construction and development of the civil service It is capable of transmitting to and influencing the psychology and behaviour

of the personnel performing official duty The structure of official culture, if seen as a system of values, is a combination of the following factors: knowledge, beliefs, ideals, traditions, standards, organizational methods

2.2 Theory on the communicative culture by the people’s public security

2.2.1 Duty and management of the people’s public security

This is a special force, holding special responsibilities and duties which have been associated with the slogan from the early days of its establishment: Safeguarding Homeland Security Therefore, it can be ascertained that the culture of this organization is also very special as compared with that of other institutions in society: That is the culture

in safeguarding homeland security and safety for the people The people’s public security force includes various types of people's security force and people’s police force; the people’s police force includes mobile police, traffic police, environmental police, and fire prevention police

2.2.2 Characteristics and roles of the communicative culture assumed by the people’s public security

The communicative culture of the People's Public Security is a system of values which is manifested through the attitudes and behaviours of individual and collective body of public security cadres and officers, in order to establish effective relations between the public security force and organizations and individuals inside and outside the public security sector, with the natural environment and with themselves, complying with legal, ethical and cultural standards, in accordance with Vietnamese political institutions Given the special operation performed by the people’s public security, its communication has the following characteristics: Firstly, the audience to

which and the environment and circumstances in which the people’s public security communicate are very diverse and complicated; Secondly, the people’s public security perform communication with high frequency and intensity; Thirdly, communication by the people’s public security aims to do many complicated and tough jobs; Fourthly, communication by people's public security is conflict-arising and psychologically stressful; Fifthly, communication by the people’s public security is politically oriented; Sixthly, communication by the people's public security is of high standards; Seventhly, communication by the people's public security is specialist

Basic and essential characteristics of the communication culture of the people's

public security: The first is systematism and unity; The second is scientism and

modernity; The third is standardization; The fourth is class-consciousness, nationalism, and inheritability; The fifth is flexibility and creativity; And the sixth is sociality - historicity

The role assumed by the culture of the People's Public Security: Communication changes the awareness, attitudes and behaviours, acting to form the revolutionary ethics for the people's public security officers The communicative culture helps the people's public security build and strengthen good relationships with other social forces, facilitating the mutual respect, understanding, sympathy, sharing and assistance The communicative culture is an important factor that facilitates effective operation of the people's public security in all aspects of job The culture of communication also acts as an educational measure

2.2.3 Contents of communicative culture by the Vietnamese people’s public security

The culture of communication in the people's public security force is a system of values that governs the awareness, attitudes and behaviours of police individuals and police organizations (agencies) in the relation between man with the nature, with society and with themselves It reflects the extent to which the revolutionary people's public security develops in response to the requirements for development of the society The cultured communication exhibited by the people's police demonstrates their level, capacity, and style of law enforcement, earning them credibility and winning trust from the people It is an important condition for the successful fulfilment

of assigned tasks

Given its internal and external contents, daily communicative culture of the Vietnamese people’s public security is viewed on the following perspectives:

- Adopting standards in daily communication

- Posture of communication, ceremony, manner, greeting, name addressing, gestures and behaviours

- Using costumes in communication

- Communicative culture in speech, information and reporting

- Reception and conference communication

- The communicative culture in handling administrative procedures