Moreover, information of norm, estimation, analysis and provision about production cost and product cost in terms of Financial Accounting and Administrative Accounting that are one of th
Trang 1INTRODUCTION
1 Rationales of of thesis topic
With the development of market economy, it has opened a beneficial environment
of business for the enterprises Also, it is challenging the agricultural enterprises 2in general and the livestock enterprises in particular To keep it standing steadily, the price and quality of the products are always the top concerns of livestock enterprises From the competitions of the agricultural products, the livestock products from China and other ASEAN countries which are imported into Vietnam will be benefited the export-import tax preferentially 0% having great effects on the domestic animal husbandry Moreover, the cost of production of the animal products in Vietnam is higher than that of some developed nations in that field To face up with the opportunities and challenges, the livestock enterprises do need to have innovations in livestocking, increasing in the productiveness, saving the cost and reducing the price of products in order to enhance the competitiveness among the domestic and international livestock enterprises
The industrial enterprises of cattle with their own particularity in the production are the main material that are the food of feeding which accounts for a large proportion in total expense In addition, the feeding products which are diversified in different cattles and livestocks Possibly, they are single or dual products, or the products which are each stage of feeding process And each product has its own growth and development characteristics Moreover, information of norm, estimation, analysis and provision about production cost and product cost in terms of Financial Accounting and Administrative Accounting that are one of the key contents to enterprises in general, and in livestock enterprises in particular From these problems, it is necessary to perform well in terms of both production cost and product cost of livestock enterprises of cattle
On the other hand, through the survey of the actual situation in the livestock enterprises currently, they have just focused mainly on financial accounting to serve the purposes of reporting accountin
In addition, the applications of accounting norms and accounting policies in accounting performance general, and accounting of production cost and product price in particular have remained the limitations recently
Vietnam, currently, with Laws of accounting and 26 principles of accounting and accounting policies which have served and intergrated with internationals However, the application of regulations of norms of international accounting needs to be selective to meet the government‟s requirements which have remained limited Biological assets and agricultural products which have collected from biological assets of many stages which have not been updated and concerned appropriately
Thus, research on “Accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in the Northern Vietnam” is a theoretical and practical requirement of accounting which is suitable with the trend of international integration
2 Overview of the research works related to the thesis topic
Up to now, there have been many both domestic and foreign works which published the problems of accounting of production cost and product cost in the aspects of theory and practice The author reviewed the excellent works based on the aspects of each follơing work:
2.1 The research works of identification and category of production cost
Identifying and classifying the costs are to provide information for the administrator to make a decision is extremely important Therefore, each research work of its different fields shows its criteria to identify and categorise the certain expenditures The studies have
Trang 2approached to identifying and classifying the expenditures in the aspects of Financial Accounting or Administrative Accounting Here are some considerable works:
- In Eric John Wittenberg „s research (2007): “Michigan‟s dairy profitability and enterprise accounting on dairy farms”
- In Tran Thi Du‟s research (2012), the author studied the actual situation of 52 of food processing for livestock which categorised the expenditures based on their goals and uses
- In the research of Luca Cesaro and Sonia Marongiu (2008), the authors supposed that each farm had its own structure of expenditures
- In Magdalena Kludacz‟s research (2013), classify expenditures as the ability to induce costs and subjects who are subject to costs
- In Dang Nguyen Manh‟s research (2018), from the result of survey of 30 of enterprises of manufacturer of pottery which presented the way to c ategorise the production cost of those enterprises
2.2 The research works of building norms and estimations for expenditures
- According to Birmberg et al (2006), the authors stated the approaches to research on estimaion of costs of activities which are based on three basic theoretical frameworks
- In the thesis of Nguyen Quoc Thang (2011), the author considered that norms and cost estimation had important implications in enterprise administration Also, cost norms are the basis for controlling, operating and analysing the results of enterprises
- The author Moolchand Raghunandan et al (2012) stated that estimation was a complex process The best results of the estimation will be achieved when there is combination of factors
- In the research of Luca Cesaro and Sonia (2013)
2.3 The research works of identifying the costs for objects who are subject to the costs and calculation of the product cost
2.3.1 Study in the actual cost method
In the livestock enterprises, the domestic and foreign studies have been discussed about this method Therefore, the author generalises and focuses on determining the criteria for allocation of production cost and product cos.t
- According to Tahir et al (2004), the authors stated that the agricultural companies would face with changes of the scale and diversity of products
- In the research of John Blaker and et al (2008), the authors presented 3 methods of identifying the costs
- In Vietnam, the studies on production costs in the enterprises mainly point out the common method is the actual cost method Initial studies on this issue are mentioned in the study
of Nguyen Quoc Thai (1983); Along with that is the study of Doan Dinh Thiem (1995); Nguyen Thu Hien (2016); Pham Quang Thinh (2018); The authors stated that enterprises are applying the actual cost method, the period of calculating the prices by the months
2.3.2 Study in the method of cost- based determination (ABC)
- In Kamilah Ahmad‟s research (2012), the author used the qualitative and quantitative research methods with the number of survey samples were 1.000 small and medium-sized enterprises in Malaysia
- In the thesis of Dao Thuy Ha (2015), the author proposed to apply the ABC method and thought that this was a method of determining complicated costs and difficulties in the implementing process
- Nguyen Thi Dieu Thu (2016) suggested the solutions to apply the ABC method
- In the Ahmed E Haroun‟s writing (2015)
Trang 3- The authors Lu, Cedric; Sridharan, V.G.; Tse, Michael S C (2016) with their work “
Implementation of Activity – Based Costing Model for a farm: An Australian Case”
2.4 Studies in the application of IAS 41 Standard and the issue of fair value in accounting of production cost and product cost
- In the study of Liliana et al (2012), there were significant differences betwe en
the accounting rules and regulations of Romania and IFRS
- Research by Luca Cesaro and Sonia Marongiu (2013)
- Another study by Hinke Janaa, Stárová Martab (2014), in this study was done by the
author through a survey of questionnaires with a sample of 104 SOEs on measuring Biological Assets and agricultural products based on the IAS 41 by product cost
- The article of Kamaruzzaman Muhammad (2014)
- With the study of Adrienna Alys Huffman (2014), the author experienced and studied empirically in the construction of the theoretical framework of asset measurement and the linkage between measurement and the use of assets on the framework of survey samples It was 182 international companies from 33 different countries applying IAS 41
- In Vietnam, there have recently been some remarkable researchers related to this issue Namely, it is the research of Hoang Thuy Dieu Linh (2018); Nguyen Ngoc Lan (2017); Trinh Hong Hanh (2018)
Thus, from those studies above, they show that the authors have systematis ed the basic theoretical issues of production cost and product cost and the direction of practical application for each industry, and each specific job to each topic
The conclusions are drawn from the research works as follows:
- In Vietnam, there have been many research works on production cost and product cost accounting, but there are are researchers for SOEs, namely in the enterprises In recent years, especially since Vietnam joined in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), there has not been a complete research project on accounting of production cost and product cost in
the livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
- Next, the previous studies have not mentioned or already mentioned but there are still many points that have not been clarified on accounting of production cost and product cost in the aspect of the administrative accounting of manufacturing enterprises
in general, and industrial enterprises in particular
- On the other hand, the current studies have been done in accounting of production cost and product cost associated with the actual activities of enterprises in many types of businesses and with many scales, areas and different fields of business, but representation is still low But studies that have applied this issue in industrial enterprises are still rare or, if so, just focused on the Financial Accounting perspective Therefore, it is necessary to continue researching, implementing, verifying and applying accounting of production costs and product
prices in industrial enterprises to implement in practice effectively
- Finally, the previous works have not studied, clarified the rationale and proposed solutions on accounting of production cost and product cost for livestock enterprises on the Financial and Admistrative Accounting perspectives with specific issues of industrial enterprises such as: Biological assets and agricultural products obtained from Biological assets for many products, cost of caring, cost of harvesting, price of livestock product, measuring and presenting information in controlling Biological Assets and agricultural products at the end of the period when preparing
financial statements in the direction of applying IAS 41 international accounting standard
3 Objectives of the research
The thesis is conducted with the general objective of studying and proposing solutions to complete the accounting of production costs and product prices in livestock
Trang 4enterprises in Northern Vietnam In order to achieve the overall research goal, thesis needs to implement specific objectives as follows:
- Systematising, analysing, clarifying and developing the basic theoretical issues
of accounting of production cost and product cost in industrial enterprises under the Financial and Administrative Accounting perspectives;
- Survey, study and evaluate the current status of production cost and product cost for livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam on the Financial and Administrative Accounting perspectives Indicate advantages, limitations and causes of limitations in accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
- Propose solutions to complete the accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam under Financial and Administrative Accounting perspectives
4 The questions of research process
To achieve the research objectives of the thesis, the questions have been raised in the research process are as follows:
- What are the basic theoretical issues about accounting of production cost and product cost in industrial enterprises?
- What is the current status of accounting of production cost and product cost for livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam now? What are the advantages and limi tations and what are the reasons for these limitations?
- What are the solutions to improve accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam?
5 Subject and scope of the research
5.1 The research subject
The thesis studies the theoretical issues and the reality of accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
5.2 The research scope
In terms of content: The thesis focuses on researching and systematising the basic
theoretical issues of accounting of production cost and product cost on Financial and Administrative Accounting perspectives In order to ensure the concentration the cost content mentioned in thesis is only production cost of the enterprises does not include selling expenses, enterprise management costs (operating expenses), and operating expenses of finance, other costs and corporate income tax costs Study of accounting of production cost and product cost in the two leading-countries in livestock breeding, theoretical and practical experience of accounting of production cost and product cost is such as the US and France to draw lessons for the implementation process in industrial enterprises of cattle in Vietnam
The project limited research on accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam with livestock product if considering the scope
of the IAS 41 as “products obtained from biological assets for high products of period
“and is” Agricultural Products at time of harvest”
In terms of research space: The author chose the scope of livestock industrial
enterprises in the provinces of Northern Vietnam with 31 of cattle enterprises according
to the scale of breeding The surveyed industrial enterprises were typically pig raising and dairy farming
In terms of the study time: Researching the current status of accounting of
production cost and product cost of livestock enterprises from 2012 to 2018 Data collected from vouchers, accounting books and financial statements of livestock enterprises from January, 1ST 2016 to December, 31st 2018
Trang 56 Research methodology
6.1 The process of research
The research process is designed and described in steps according to GT.2 diagram
6.2 The method of data collection
6.2.1 Primary data collection
In order to collect primary data, the author uses a combination of three main methods: survey, interview, and observation
Investigation method: this data is collected by the author from the industrial
enterprises of different types, including limited liability companies, joint stock companies, private enterprises with typical farms in areas with domestic livestock activities of cattle is the pig breeding, dairy breeding The author selected 31 of industrial enterprises (Appendix 1A)
The questionnaires were sent to a group of two subjects with a total of 235 votes sent In which (i) the group of people who manages the functional departments and technical heads of the livestock farms with the number of survey sent out was 93 survey forms (Appendix 1B); (ii) livestock enterprises‟ target group for accountants were 142 questionnaires (Appendix 1C)
Interview method: In order to find out more in-depth and specific information about
enterprises, the author conducted a direct meeting to interview manager with the number of interviewed people of 18 people to investigate the information requirements to serve the management and support the decision of the leaders, the role of accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam (Appendix 1D)
Observation method: During the study of the topic along with the interview, the
author observed the actual process of livestock production of livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
6.2.2 Secondary data collection
Secondary data sources were collected from Website of cattle enterprises, Vietnam Livestock Association, Vietnam Veterinary Association, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development; Summary of previous studies by domestic and foreign authors; Refer
to the analysis of experts; Summary of statistical yearbook data; Research works, articl es
on books, newspapers, magazines on Financial Accounting, Administrative Accounting, Administrative Accounting of cost textbooks of many authors
6.3 The analysis method
After collecting the data, the author analysed the data, using methods: synthesis comparison, economic analysis
6.4 Method of presenting data
The author presents qualitative and quantitative data mainly on two forms, tables and diagrams
7 Research results and contributions
The thesis presented the research results and the contributio ns of the thesis in theory and practice
8 Conclusion
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the content of the thesis consists of 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: The basic theoretical issues of accounting production cost and product
cost in livestock enterprises
Chapter 2: the actual accounting of accounting of production cost and product cost
in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
Chapter 3: Solutions to improve accounting of production cost and product cost in
livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
Trang 6CHAPTER 1:
THE BASIC THEORETICAL ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING OF PRODUCTION
COST AND PRODUCT COST IN LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES
1 Characteristics of livestock activities affecting accounting of production cost and product cost in industrial enterprises
1.1.1 Characteristics of livestock products affecting accounting of production cost and product cost in industrial enterprises
First of all, the author mentioned some related and specific terms of industrial enterprises such as: animal husbandry, livestock, livestock types of livestock enterprises, animal husbandry products
The main characteristics of livestock products are:
Firstly, livestock products are very diverse
Secondly, livestock products are seasonal
Thirdly, livestock products are able to reproduce naturally
Fourthly, livestock products are living organisms
1.1.2 Characteristics of the livestock process affecting accounting of production cost and product cost in industrial enterprises
In industrial enterprises with the basic characteristics of the breeding process affecting the accounting of production cost and product cost is synthesised by the author including: Forms of production organisation, production time of livestock products, factors of natural conditions, weather, epidemics, main breeding methods in industr ial enterprises, production management organisation in industrial enterprises
To sum up, on the basis of the characteristics of livestock products , especially livestock products in industrial enterprises and methods of animal husbandry, production organisation in livestock have a direct impact on accounting of production cost and product cost With the analysed contents, it is the basis for the next research of the author in the topic
2 General problems of production cost and product cost in industrial ent erprises 1.2.1 Identify and classify production cost
1.2.1.1 Definition of production cost
The author summarised views on production cost , then it is likely to draw the author‟s perspectives on production cost
Thus, there are many concepts of production cost, but from the author‟s point of view, it
is approaching the concept of production costs: production cost is the expression of money of
the entire living labor and physical labor and cost Other necessities that businesses have spent to carry the production process in a certain period
1.2.1.2 Classification of production cost
In industrial enterprises in general and livestock enterprises in particular, production cost of enterprises include many type of costs Depending on management requirements and cost characteristics in the enterprises, it is possible to classify costs in different way,each classification method brings specific effects for management and accounting on economic or economic aspects
1.2.2 Product price and product price classification
1.2.2.1 Defintion of product cost
The author summarised the views on production cost The majority points of view are favourable on certain angles, which are fundamental in terms of the theoretical basis
of product cost in Vietnam
Trang 7To sum up, there are many opinions and approaches on production value, but the author
agreed with the price approach: Product cost is the monetary expression of production cost
calculated for a volume of products or services certain to be completed
1.2.2.2 Classify product cost
In addition to the standard of production cost classification as other common manufacturing enterprises, industrial enterprises can classify production cost according to a number of different criteria: Classification of production cost based on data and timing of calculation of costs, classification by the scope cost in price, classificaition by the purposes of international economics, classification by the orientation of applying the IAS 41 Each industrial enterprise depends on product characteristics, breeding process, type of animal and information requirements for governance Therefore, industrial enterprises need to choose for themselves the appropriate costing system
3 Accounting of production cost in livestock enterprises in terms of Financial Accounting
1.3.1 Basis, types, principles, dominant accounting standards of accounting of production cost and product cost of livestock enterprises
1.3.1.1 Basis of accounting
There are two basic accounting bases: cash accounting and accrual accounting Within the scope of the thesis, cumulative accounting research is the basis for recognising arising economic operations affecting production cost and product cost factors of livestock enterprises
1.3.1.2 Types of accounting
Accounting theories have been developed and applied in practice and accounting has really become a science with basic accounting types such as static accounting, dynamic accounting and current accounting Within the scope of the thesis, the author only mentions dynamic accounting which directly affects the accounting of production cost and the quality assurance of livestock enterprises
1.3.1.3 Principles of accounting
Industrial enterprises are based on accruals and dynamic accounting models, generating many accounting, accounting principles to accounting of production cost and product cost of livestock enterprises such as: Principles of original prices, prudential principles, principles of materiability, principles of suitability
1.3.1.4 Accounting Standards
For VAS, the main standards governing the accounting of production cost and product cost
of livestock enterprises can be mentioned as VAS 01, VAS 02 For IAS, following the orientation
of applying international accounting standards Combined from the relevant documents standards directly control the accounting of production cost, the quality assurance of livestock enterprises is the IAS 41A “Agriculture” The contents of accounting of production cost and product cost under the Financial Accoungting perspective of enterprises in general, and livestock enterprises in particular include the following contents:
+ Receiving information of production cost and product cost of livestock enterprises through accounting vouchers
+ Processing and systematising information of production cost and product cost of livestock enterprises through accounts and accounting book system
+ Providing information of production cost and product cost of livestock enterprises through the financial statement system
1.3.2 Collecting information of production cost and product cost through accounting vouchers
Based on accounting vouchers to collect information on costs and prices of livestock enterprises as a basis for accounting books The contents include: Organise the construction of
a system of accounting vouchers, receive, check, complete, rotate and preserve the documents
Trang 81.3.3 Processing and systematising information through accounts and accounting books
1.3.3.1 Processing and systematising information through accounts
Organisation of the accounting account system: For the stock of information Technology, Research and Development, the expenditures of production cost and product cost Since then, the content and process of accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises will be generalised through accounting diagrams in the accounting of inventory according to the methods of perpetual inventory count and periodic inventory count
1.3.3.2 Processing and systematising information through accounting books
In industrial enterprises in keeping a written record of production cost related to operations Product cost is designed to include general and detailed books In addition to the prescribed accounting books, it is possible to base on the characteristics of the livestock products, require managers to open the detailed books to suit the units
1.3.4 Presentating of information of accounting of production cost and product cost on financial statements
Information on production cost and product cost shown on the financial statements includes two basic indicators: the cost of goods sold index on the report of business results and the target of unfinished business production cost on the balance sheet or for with enterprises complying with Circular 133/2016/TT-BTC is a report on the situation of assets
1.4 Accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in terms of Administrative Accounting
1.4.1 Develop norms and estimations of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises
1.4.1.1System of cost norms
Building norms can be done with one or more combinations of methods to obtain the best results With the commonly used methods is the method of statistic al experience, economic technical methods, and direct testing methods Livestock enterprises that implement
to build the cost norms including: Norms for of labor protection cost, norms for construction investment cost, and norms for production cost
1.4.1.2Estimation system of production cost
Estimations are also considered as calculations, expected to co-ordinate the objectives to
be achieved with the ability to mobilise resourcing the process of business production according to the quantity and value targets at the most time in the future The estimation system of livestock enterprises is mentioned only focusing on the estimation of the stock of information technology, the estimation of the construction investment and estimation of the production cost in the livestock enterprises of the agricultural sector
1.4.2 Method of determining cost for objects who are subject to expenses
1.4.2.1Objects of cost accumulation
Objects of cost accumulation of livestock enterprises can be as follows: groups, animal farms, orders, processing contracts, and products
1.4.2.2Method of cost accumulation
When collecting production cost and product cost, the enterprises should determine and select appropriately costing methods With the method of collection can be used is as the direct collection method and indirect application method
1.4.3 Product cost
1.4.3.1Cost object
Cost object of livestock enterprises is a type of livestock products that livestock enterprises have completed the breeding process, which requires calculating the total cost and unit price
Trang 91.4.3.2Time and period of product cost
The period of calculating the price of livestock products is stipulated uniformly in the livestock enterprises which are the finished products in any year, then calculate the cost of products of that year Therefore, the expenses paid for this year, but after the new products are collected, all expenses of this year are considered as unfinished products at the end of the period, moving to the next period
1.4.3.3Method of calculating product cost
In livestock enterprises, when determining production cost for each type of livestock, the method of calculation of cost is applied as follows: Calculating production cost for cattle for meat ( growing, and raising fat); production cost calculation of breeding animals; calculating production cost of domestic animal through the orders; calculate cost
by the ABC method
1.4.4 Providing, using and analysing information of production cost and product cost serving for management in livestock enterprises
1.4.4.1Providing information of production cost and product cost through administrative reporting system
Administrative report means that it reports specifically, reflecting criteria for the production costs and product prices clearly according to various criteria in order to provide timely and sufficient information management requirements of enterprises
1.4.4.2 Using information of production cost and product cost to serve business administration
Information about production cost and product cost is provided on the reports of livestock enterprises From accurate, complete and timely information, it helps the managers make timely, appropriate and effective decisions if the information provided is accurate Information about production cost and product cost is used from information on production reports, product cost report, according to cost items, reporting cost based on variable fee
1.4.4.3 Analysis of information of production cost and product cost for corporate governance
The methods can be used in the process of cost information analysis such as exclusion, and comparison To consider the fluctuations between the total actual cost incurred and the total standard cost applied through the total volatility indicator
1.5 Accounting of production cost and product cost of advanced countries and lessons for Vietnam
1.5.1 Accounting of production cost and product cost in some advanced countries
1.5.1.1Accounting of production cost and product cost according to the US accounting system
In terms of accounting documents, Financial and Administrative Accounting documents, all of them use a single accounting voucher system In addition, there is a separate accounting voucher organisation to collect detailed information and forecast information
In terms of accounting accounts, the system of general accounting accounts is used for the purposes of Financial Accounting and analytical accounts for the purposes of Administrative Accounting In addition, the US does not build a system of accounting accounts of production cost uniformly for enterprises
Accounting book: Financial accounting uses the system of accounts and general accounting books, international payment system and account details of production cost in accordance with management requirements
Accounting report: Each accounting department has the function of receiving and providing accounting information both in general and detailed form according to management requirements The Administrative Accounting reports provide information
Trang 10for internal enterprises Also, the financial reporting system provides information for external businesses
1.5.1.2Accounting of costs and prices according to the French accounting system
France is a country that applies a static accounting model and the design Financial Accounting and Administrative Accounting systems are separate
Accounting vouchers are used, apart from the general accounting voucher system of financial accounting for international economic development, there are separate accounting vouches for internal management of enterprises System of accounting accounts built separately for financial accounting and international economics System of financial accounting accounts prescribed and required for enterprises.And the system of administrative accounting accounts depends on the management requirements of the enterprises to open and decentralise the account details About the system of accounting books, there is an independecne between financial accounting and international economics In particular, administrative accounting builds a separate accounting system to serve the recording of international accounting operations
In terms of the accounting reporting system:
In addition to the reports prepared under financial accounting regulations In addition, for production cost and product cost accountants, International economic relations have setup separate report forms such as report on production estimates, profit and loss reports for each division At the same time, the planned targets and estimates are also concerned
1.5.2 Lessons learned from accounting of production cost and product cost for livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
Financial accounting is an official accounting, regulatory, and economic accounting plays an important role in implementing the function of managing, controlling, estimating and providing information for management decisions Therefore,
in the context of Vietnam‟s accounting system integration, it is build on the view of respecting international practices and standards and applying it to each stage of economic development in Vietnam
in the following chapters of the thesis
Trang 11CHAPTER 2 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF ACCOUNTING OF PRODUCTION COST AND PRODUCT COST IN THE ENTERPRISES OF LIVESTOCK BREEDING
IN NORTHERN VIETNAM 2.1 Overview of livestock businesses in Northern Vietnam
2.1.1 General introduction to livestock industry and livestock enterprises in Northern
Vietnam
Animal husbandry is a key industry in the livestock industry Up to now, livestock production has developed rapidly and strongly in terms of husbandry scale as well as the number of households involved in animal husbandry
According to statistics from October 2018, in raising cattle with livestock s uch as dairy cows and pigs, the number of cows in the whole country was 294,382 (of which Northern Vietnam was 60,711, accounting for 20,6%, compared to the whole country.)
As for pig raising, the number of pigs of the whole country was 49,743,746 (of whic h Northern Vietnam was 23,848,050, accounting for 47.95% of the whole country)
Since then, it has been shown that animal husbandry in Northern Vietnam plays a key role in the livestock industry of our country Specific figures are described in the chart(2 1)
Diagram 2.1: Statistics of cattle ranching by 10/2018
3. N
or C
PRODUCTIVITY OF MILK COW
Milk cow (Animal)
23.848.050
14.496.735
9.351.315 9.815.673 3.391.997
5.000.000 10.000.000 15.000.000 20.000.000 25.000.000
-N th
n V
ietnam (1) + (2)
1.Red iv
Del
2.N
orth
n Mid
nds an
M
3. Nor C
(Source: General Statistics Office & summary’s authors)
2.1.2 Organisational characteristics of animal husbandry, product, breeding process of livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
2.1.2.1 Organisational characteristics of breeding activities
Animal husbandry in terms of how livestock is organised includes two basic types: natural breeding and industrial breeding
In terms of the form of husbandry, the livestock system in Vietnam is the main types of animal husbandry currently as follows: the State-owned breeding enterprises, livestock farms, cattle-breeding households
2.1.2.2 Characteristics of products and methods of animal husbandry
+ Product features: With the main products in animal husbandry mentioned by the
author in the thesis are livestock products, meat products (raising and fattening), fresh milk products
+ Livestock raising method: Livestock products can be formed through one of two
methods of raising animals: (i) self-consumption of breeding; (ii) breeding by the the orders; (iii) outscouring livestock
Trang 122.1.2.3 Characteristics of cattle breeding process
+ The process of raising livestock is raising pigs
+ The process of raising cattle is dairy farming
2.1.3 Characteristics of management organisationi in livestock enterprises of cattle in Northern Vietnam
+ Type of enterprises surveyed
+ Administrator‟s position
+ The age of the administrator
+ Level of training of administrator
+ Building a management of organisation model
2.1.4 Characterisitics of accounting in livestock enterprises of cattle in Northern Vietnam
2.1.4.1 Characteristics of organisation of accounting apparatus in livestock enterprises
of cattle in Northern Vietnam
When studying the situation in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam, most enterprises used accounting models combining between Finacial Accounting and Administrative Accounting and organised the apparatus in the concentrated form
2.1.4.2 Characteristics of accounting policies applied in the enterprises
@Accounting regime applied in the businesses
According to the author‟s survey, most livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam applied accounting regime according to Circular 200/2014/TT-BTC with 22/31 (accounting for 71%) of livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam, the remaining 9/31 (accounting for 29%) The livestock enterprises implemented the accounting regime issued under Circular 133/2016/ TT-BTC
@Form of accounting applied in the enterprises
According to survey data, there are 27/31 (accounting for 87.1%) enterprises applying the general journal form, 1/31 (accounting for 3.2%) of enterprises recording in the form of vouchers logs, having 3/31 (accounting for 9.7%) recorded in the form of book vouchers, other forms did not apply
2.2 The current situation of accounting of production cost and product cost in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam
2.2.1 Classification of production cost in livestock enterprises in the North
Through survey results in livestock enterprises in Northern Vietnam, there were 31/31 (accounting for 100%) of livestock enterprises that applied the cost classification according to the content, the economic nature of costs and the cost items to recover service and information for Financial Accounting Besides, through survey of livestock enterprises of cattle with 8/31 enterprises (accounting for 25.8%) have implemented cost classification according to the behavior of costs, including 6/31 large -scale enterprises and 2/31 small and medium-sized enterprises following this classification
2.2.2.The current situation of accounting of production cost and product cost in cattle
industrial enterprises in Northern Vietnam on the perspective of financial accounting
2.2.2.1 The current situation of applying accounting voucher system to receive information
In accounting of production cost and product cost of livestock, to get accurate, complete, timely and objective information, it is necessary to have accounting vouchers Currently, livestock enterprises of cattle in Northern Vietnam have belonged to the author who surveyed the majority of using the accounting voucher system under the guidance of Vietnamese accounting regime in Circular 200/2014/TT-BTC dated September 30, 2016 was 8/31 (accounting for 25.8%) of livestock enterprises There is 1/31 livestock enterprises have