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The dissertation focuses on surveying and comparing English and Vietnamese fashion terminologies in terms of structural features, terminology formation and nominal features in the hope

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

HOANG THI HUE

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FASHION TERMINOLOGY

Major: Contrastive Linguistics

Code: 9222024

SUMMARY OF PH.D DISSERTATION IN LINGUISTICS

Ha Noi - 2019

The study has been completed at:

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Scientific supervisor: Assoc.Prof Dr Vu Thi Thanh Huong

External examiner 1: Prof Dr Nguyen Quang

External examiner 2: Assoc.Prof Dr Ho Ngoc Trung

External examiner 3: Assoc.Prof Dr Pham Tat Thang

The dissertation will be defended before the Academy-level Examining Committee at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences

At ……… 2019 (hhddmmyy)

The dissertation could be looked up at:

- Vietnam National Library

- Graduate Academy of Social Sciences

LISTS OF RESEARCHES RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION

1 Hoang Thi Hue (2017), Fashion terminology in Vietnamese classified by

structural and nominal features, Journal of Social Sciences Manpower, No.02 (45)

2 Hoang Thi Hue (2018), History of fashion term’s development, Culture and

Arts Magazine, No.408, June, 2018

3 Hoang Thi Hue (2018), Borowing terminologies in the Vietnamese fashion

terminology system, Journal of Language and life, No.10 (277), 2018

4 Hoang Thi Hue (2018), Terminologization: the way of forming fashion terms

in Vietnamese, Journal of Lexicography & Encyclopedia, No.6 (56), November,

2018

5 Hoang Thi Hue (2019), Nominal models of fashion terms in Vietnamese,

Publication in proceedings of the scientific seminar “Professor Hoang Phe with

Vietnamese and Vietnamese language standardization”, Dan Tri publishing house, Jannuary, 2019

INTRODUCTION

1 The reason for choosing the title

The terminology plays an important role in building specialized scientific fields Along with the growing trend of international integration, fashion has become not only a strong industrial development but also a specialized scientific field The study of fashion terminology has been so practical for scientific research and social life nowadays So far, there have not been many studies on fashion terminology in

Therefore, it is necessary to supplement and fulfil the system of fashion terminology

nowadays As a result, we decided to chose the tiltle: English-Vietnamese fashion terminology The dissertation focuses on surveying and comparing English and

Vietnamese fashion terminologies in terms of structural features, terminology formation and nominal features in the hope of clarifying the similarities and differences of fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese

2 Aims and tasks of the Dissertation

2.1 Aims

The dissertation clarifies the similarities and differences of fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese in terms of structural features, terminology formation and nominal features

2.2 Tasks

The dissertation presents its tasks as follows: (1) Systematizing scientific

theoretical views of international and Vietnamese scholars on terminonolgy, fashion terminology and constrative linguistics Since then, the scientific theoretical basis of the Dissertation has been established (2) Describing and comparing the structural features of fashion terminology in English and Vietnamese in terms of terminology units; number of terminology elements; terminology formation methods and word classes ; origin of terminology elements and structural models ; (3) Describing and comparing the word formation of fashion terminology in English and Vietnamese (4) Describing and comparing the nominal features of fashion terminology in English and Vietnamese in terms of semantic categories; nominal models and characteristics

3 Objectives and scope of the Dissertaion

The research objectives are identified as the words and phrases expressing the concepts

of fashion The Dissertation focuses on comparing fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese in terms of structural features, terminology formation and nominal features

4 Research materials and methodology

4.1 Research materials

Based on the terminology standards, 1162 English fashion terminologies and

1190 Vietnamese fashion terminologies terms have been identified and selected from dictionaries, specialized textbooks and fashion magazines in English and Vietnamese

as research materials of the Dissertation

4.2 Research methodology

The research tactics and methods are used in the Dissertation as follows: (1)

the Dissertation, fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese are compared and collated in parallel

5 New contributions of the Dissertation

The Dissertation can be seen as the first systematic, intensive and comprehensive research on fashion terminology in English and Vietnamese in terms of structural features, terminology formation and nominal features

6 Theoretical and practical significance

In terms of theoretical significance, the Dissertation contributes to systematizing

the theoretical background on terminology, fashion terminology and constrative

linguistics In terms of practical significance, the results can be used as research

materials for translation, terminology standardization, compilation of dictionaries of fashion terminology as well as teaching materials in fashion and fashion design at colleges and universities

7 Structure of the Dissertation

Apart from the Introduction, Conclusion, References and Appendices, the Dissertation

is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1 - A research overview and theoretical basis; Chapter 2 - Constrative analysis of English-Vietnamese fashion terminologies in terms of structural features; Chapter 3 - Constrative analysis of English-Vietnamese fashion terminologies in terms of terminology formation; Chapter 4 - Constrative analysis of English-Vietnamese fashion terminologies in terms of nominal features

Chapter 1

A RESEARCH OVERVIEW AND THEORETICAL BASIS

1.1 A research overview

1.1.1 Terminology research in the world and Vietnam

1.1.1.1 Terminology research in the world

The terminology research in the world has been remarked for four periods as follows: The terminology research was established (1930-1960); The terminology research was developed brilliantly, especially in computers and writing techniques (1960-1975); The most flourishing period of terminology research associated with the names of Soviet scholars (1975-1985); The terminology research has been expanded continuously and brilliantly developed (1985 to now)

1.1.1.2 Terminology research in Vietnam

The terminology research in Vietnam has been noted for four periods: Some

century); Group of Dictionaries and terminology research under the management of

Vietnamese terminology has developed significantly (in the 1960s); The terminology research in Vietnam has been flourished (1985 to now)

The terminology research in the world as well as in Vietnam has been flourished Together with the progress of the modern society, the terminology reserach has become an independent science so far

1.1.2 Research on fashion terminology in the world and Vietnam

1.1.2.1 Research on fashion terminology in the world

According to our survey, there have been some simple studies on fashion terminology in the world up to now

1.1.2.2 Research on fashion terminology in Vietnam

Currently, in Vietnam, in spite of some studies on words and phrases related to clothes, there has not been any comprehenvise research on fashion terminology

1.2 Some theoretical bases of terminology

1.2.1 Definitions of terminology

the concept are choosen and presented in the Dissertation as follows: a terminology is a

word or a phrase that expresses the concept of things, phenomena of a science or a specialized field

1.2.3 Elements of word formation in English and Vietnamese

Following the perspectives of European American linguists, we determine that morpheme is the smallest unit of word formation in English and Vietnamese Morpheme is the smallest vocabular unit which is used to analyze the elements of word formation

1.2.4 Elements of fashion terminology formation

Based on the collected documents, we find that the concept of terminology

constituent part of the concept, or a conceptual characteristic of fashion English

fashion terminologies are divided into two kinds: a word (single word, compound word and derivative word) and a phrase of nomination Vietnamese fashion terminologies are also divided into two kinds: a word (single word and compound word) and a phrase of nomination

1.3 Some theoretical basis on constrative linguistics

1.3.1 Definition of constrative linguistics

Constrative linguistics is a branch of linguistics The comparative-constrative

method are used to find similarities and differences of two or more languages in order to provide the necessary linguistic bases for the subdivisions of linguistics to the requirements of linguistic reseach in terms of theoretical and practical aspects

1.3.2 The comparative-constrative method

There are two research methods are used in constrative linguistics: comparation constrative analysis

1.3.3 The comparative-constrative principles

We follow and apply the five comparative-constrative principles given by Bui Manh Hung (2008) In the Dissertation, fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese are compared and collated in parallel

1.4 Fashion and fashion terminology

1.4.1 Definition of fashion

In the Dissertation, the concept of fashion is applied to the study

onterminologies that refer to popular styles, trends and designs It is also used to study terminologies that refer to people, things, events, materials, and activities relating to clothes, shoes, accessories and jewelry This concept is not applied for the study on terminologies that refer to the makeup and hair

1.4.2 Fashion terminology

Based on the above-mentioned viewpoints and understanding the fashion study,

we offer the definition of fashion terminology as follows: Fashion terminology

refers words, phrases used in the fashion industry to express concepts, things, phenomena, processes, and activities dynamics, properties, in the fields: ready-to- wear fashion and high fashion

Sub-conclusion

In the world and Vietnam, lots of brilliant achievements on terminology have been gained Teminology study has become a field of scientific research However, there is not any comprehensive research on fashion terminology, especially English – Vietnamese fashion terminology Therefore, it is necessary to have a more in-depth, comprehensive and systematic scientific research on fashion terminology

Chapter 2 CONSTRATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE

TERMINOLOGIES IN TERMS OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES

2.1 Structural features of fashion terminology in English and Vietnamese in terms of number of terminology elements

2.1.1 Structural features of fashion terminologies in English in terms of number of terminology elements

2.1.1.1 The fashion terminology in English composed of a single word

In English, a terminology (a single word) consists of a free morpheme A

2.1.1.2 The fashion terminology in English composed of a derivative word

The derivative word is formed by the combination of a free morpheme and one or more bound morphemes A derivative word consists of at least two terminology elements The derivative word containing the two terminology elements

is formed by the combination of a root and a prefix or a suffix For example:

the three terminology elements: monochromatic

2.1.1.3 The fashion terminology in English composed of a compound word

A fashion terminology (a compound word) is formed by the combination of two or more single words to become a new word containing a new meaning These single words are free morphemes Thus, a fashion terminology (a compound word)

consists of at least two terminology elements For example: catwalk = cat/walk,

dress shirt = dress/shirt, boyfriend jeans = boy/friend/jeans, black tie dinner = black/

2.1.1.4 The fashion terminology composed of a nominal phrase

A fashion terminology (a nominal phrase) makes up at least two terminology elements The survey results show that there is a relatively high rate of nominal phrases among fashion terminologies in English A nominal phrase in English

contains up to four terminology elements For example: belted jacket= belted/jacket,

2.1.2 Structural features of fashion terminologies in Vietnamese in terms of number of terminology elements

2.1.2.1 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese composed of a single word

In Vietnamese, a fashion terminology (a single word) contains only one

2.1.2.2 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese composed of a compound word

A fashion terminology (a compound word) consists of at least two

2.1.2.3 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese composed of a nominal phrase

A phrase is formed by a combination of words In Vietnamese, a nominal phrase (a fashion terminology) consists of at least two terminology elements These terminologies have the shortest structure of three terminology elements and the

2.1.3 Constrative analysis of structural features of English-Vietnamese fashion terminologies in terms of number of terminology elements

Fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese contain at least one terminology element Fashion terminologies contain up to four elements and up to five elements in English and Vietnamese respectively With the structure of one element, fashion terminologies in English make up a larger number than those in Vietnamese Besides, English people also tend to use more abbreviated terminologies than Vietnamese people As a whole, fashion terminologies in English are more conceptually accurate than those in Vietnamese

2.2 Structural features of fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese in terms of terminology formation methods and word classes

2.2.1 Structural features of fashion terminology in English in terms of terminology formation methods and word classes

The survey was conducted for 1150 English fashion terminologies (excluding

12 abbreviated terminologies)

2.2.1.1 The fashion terminology in English composed of a single word

We found out 143/1150 terminologies composed of single words Among

verbs such as match, mix,…

2.2.1.2 The fashion terminology in English composed of a compound word

Among 652/1150 fashion terminologies composed of compound words, 645

namely tie-dye

2.2.1.3 The fashion terminology in English composed of a derivative word

Fashion terminologies (derivative words) only exist in English language

combination of a root and a prefix For example: monochrome = mono + chrome,

+ ist, collection = collect+ ion, backless = back + less, classic = class + ic Fashion

by a combination of a root, a prefix and a suffix, namely monochromatic = mono +

chromate + ic

2.2.1.4 The fashion terminology in English composed of a nominal phrase

In English, a nominal phrase is formed by a combination of words A nominal phrase is also called a word combination or a phrase According to the survey, fashion terminologies in English composed of nominal phrases are noun

fashion terminology composed of a nominal verb phrase or a nominal adjective phrase in the Dissertation

2.2.2 Structural features of fashion terminologies in Vietnamese in terms of terminology formation methods and word classes

2.2.2.1 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese composed of a single word

terminology composed of an adjective in the survey

2.2.2.2 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese composed of a compound word

Fashion terminologies in Vietnamese composed of compound words consist

mốt, thảm đỏ…; 34 terminologies are verbs such as: cộng màu, kết hợp… and 02

2.2.2.3 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese is a nominal phrase

A nominal phrase in Vietnamese (a fashion terminology) is understood as a word combination However, there is not any fashion terminology composed of a coordinated compound in the survey Therefore, all the fashion terminologies in Vietnamese composed of nominal phrases are subordinated compounds in which

áo hở ngực…; verb phrases make up a very small number, for example:vẽ diễn hoạ

terminology in Vietnamese composed of an adjective phrase in the study

2.2.3 Constrative analysis of structural features of English-Vietnamese fashion terminologies in terms of terminology formation methods and word classes

Fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese are single words, compound words and nominal phrases Compound words and nominal phrases make up the largest number of all Derivative words and abbreviations can be only seen in English Coordinated compounds can be only seen in Vietnamese Compounding is the most common word formation method which functions as the best way to create

a large number of new words in both English and Vietnamese

b) In terms of word classes

Fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese are nouns, verbs, adjectives, noun phrases and verb phrases Among them, fashion terminologies composed of nouns and noun phrases make up a larger number than those composed of other word classes

2.3 Structural features of fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese in terms of the origin of terminology elements

2.3.1 Structural features of fashion terminology in English in terms of the origin

of terminology elements

According to the survey, we found that some fashion terminologies in English are

made from the origins of Latin, Greek and old English

* The origin of Greek languge: mono-; graph-; -ism; -ist ;

* The origin of old English: -less; min- ;

2.3.2 Structural features of fashion terminologies in Vietnamese in terms of the origin of terminology elements

According to the survey, we found that fashion terminologies in Vietnamese are made from the origins of Vietnamese, Sino-Vietnamse and Indo-European

2.3.2.1 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese is a single word

16/1190 fashion terminologies in Vietnamese composed of single words are

terminologies are made from the origin of Indo-European, for example: mix, cà

vạt… There is not any fashion terminology made from the origin of Sino-Vietnamse

in the study

2.3.2.2 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese is a compound word

After surveying and analyzing 1190 fashion terminologies in Vietnamese, we realize that 79/1190 terminologies are made from the origin of Vietnamese such as

terminologies are made from the origin of Vietnamese + Indo-European, for

2.3.2.3 The fashion terminology in Vietnamese is a nominal phrase

The survey showed that 96/1190 terminologies are made from the origin of

típ chủ đạo …; 06/1190 terminologies are made from the origin of Vietnamese +

2.4 Structural features of fashion terminologies in English and Vietnamese in terms of structural models

The structural models are used to describe the structure of fashion terminologies

in English and Vietnamese including at least two elements Fashion terminologies in English are compound words, derivative words and nominal phrases Fashion terminologies in Vietnamese are compound words and nominal phrases The fashion

terminology is called A The terminology elements are called A1, A2, A3….An

2.4.1 Structural features of fashion terminologies in English in terms of structural models

2.4.1.1 Structural models of fashion terminonologies in English composed of compound words

Model 1 describes the structure of fashion terminologies composed of compound words

Model 1: A1 + A2

For example: cat + walk

Model 2 describes the structure of fashion terminologies composed of

compound words For example: plus size collection, eveningwear line …

2.4.1.2 Structural models of fashion terminonologies in English composed of derivative words

Model 3 describes the structure of fashion terminologies composed of

Model 4 describes the structure of fashion terminologies composed of derivative words

2.4.1.3 Structural models of fashion terminonologies composed of nominal phrases

10

Model 7 describes the structure of fashion terminologies composed of nominal phrases including

Model 8 describes the structure of fashion terminologies composed of nominal phrases

including four terminology elements For example: hidden button down collar, egg heel leather

mules…

2.4.2 Structural features of fashion terminologies in Vietnamese in terms of structural models

2.4.2.1 Structural models of fashion terminonologies in Vietnamese composed of compound words

Model 1 describes the structure of fashion terminologies in Vietnamese

composed of subordinated compounds including two terminology elements For example:

Model 2 describes the structure of fashion terminologies in Vietnamese composed of coordinated compounds including two terminology elements For example:

2.4.2.2 Structural models of fashion terminonologies in Vietnamese composed of nominal phrases

Model 3 describes the structure of fashion terminologies in Vietnamese composed of nominal phrases including three terminology elements For example:

săng đan buộc dây, đầm ghép mảnh …v.v