Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.. To describe an action completed at a specified time in the past, use ____.. To describe an action completed at an unspecified time in
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Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use
I nd u ct iv e Gra m ma r C ha rt s
(Unit 2, page 16)
T he p re se n t p e rfe c t a nd the p re se n t p e r fe ct co nt in uou s :
fin is he d a nd un fi ni she d a c tio n s
L o o k at the s entenc es us ing t he s im p le p as t tens e , t he pres en t pe rf ect , o r the p res ent perf ec t
co ntin uo us
FI G U RE I T O UT …
Circ le the le tte r o f the bes t a ns wer
1 To describe an action completed at a specified time in the past, use
a the present perfect b the simple past
2 To describe an action completed at an unspecified time in the past, use
a the present perfect b the present perfect continuous
3 To describe recently completed actions when results can still be seen, use
a the present perfect continuous b the present perfect
4 To describe actions that began in the past, continue into the present, and may continue into the future, you can use either
a the simple past or the present perfect b the present perfect or the present perfect
continuous
Actio ns co mp le ted a t a s pec if ie d (y es t erd ay , etc ) o r an uns pec if ie d ti me in t he p as t
I’’v e already heard that CD I h eard it yesterday
How many times ha ve you s ee n Youssou N’Dour in concert?
I’’v e s ee n him twice As a matter of fact, I just s aw him last week
Very recent ly co m ple ted ac tio ns when res u lts ca n s t il l be s een
They’’ve b een pr actici n g I see them putting away their instruments
Unf inis hed o r co nt inu in g act io ns
Ha ve you lis te ned to any jazz lately? OR H av e you b ee n l is ten in g to any jazz lately?
I’’v e lis te ned to Beethoven since I was a child OR I’’ ve bee n lis t en in g to Beethoven since I was a child
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Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use
L o o k at the wo r ds o f ten us ed w it h the p res ent perf e ct and t he pr es ent perf ect co n ti nuo us
FI G U RE I T O UT …
Circ le the le tte r o f the bes t a ns wer
1 ever, yet, and already are often used with
a the present perfect b the present perfect continuous
2 for, since, recently, and lately are often used with
a the simple past b the present perfect and the present perfect
continuous
Of ten us e d f o r f inis h ed ac tio ns Of ten us ed f o r unf in is he d act io ns
ever never once for lately these days twice three times yet since recently for a while already How many…? all day this year How long…?