TUYỂN TẬP 10 BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA

When researchers ask people like this this the secret of their long life, the answer is almost always to do with diet and is almost always the same.. Once such researcher is Eric Topol,

TUYỂN TẬP 10 BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA

Exercise 1 :

The response of most animals when suddenly faced with a predator is to flee

Natural selection has acted in a variety of ways in different species to enhance

the efficacy of the behaviours, known as "flight behaviours" or escape behaviours that are used by prey in fleeing predators Perhaps the most direct adaptation is enhanced light speed and agility

Adaptations for speed, however, are likely to require sacrifices biter attributes, so we might expect only some species to adopt a simple fast flight strategy

Another way of enhancing the effectiveness of flight is to move in an erratic and unpredictable way Many species, like ptarmigans, snipes, and various antelopes and gazelles, flee from predators in a characteristic zigzag fashion Rapid unexpected changes in flight direction make it difficult for a predator to track prey

In some species, like the European hare, erratic zigzagflight might be more effective in the presence of predators that are faster than they are and straight light more effective against predators that are slower One observation that supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slow-flying black-beaded gulls, which are normally able to escape predators by means of direct flight, to show frequent changes in flight direction when they spot a peregrine falcon (peregrinesare adept at capturing flying birds)

A quite different way of enhancing escape by flight is to use so-called "flash"

behaviour Here, the alarmed prey flees for a short distance and then "freezes."

Some predators are unexcited by immobile prey, and a startling flash of activity

followed by immobility may confuse them "Flash" behaviour is used in particular by frogs and orthopteraninsects, which make conspicuous jumps and

then sit immobile In some species, "flash" behaviour is enhanced by the display

of bright body markings Good examples of insects with colourful markings are the red and yellow underwing moths At rest, both species are a cryptic brown color When they fly, however, brightly coloured hind wings are exposed, which render the moths highly conspicuous Similarly, some frogs and lizards have brightly coloured patches or frills that may serve a 'flash" function when they move quickly Some species even appear to possess "flash" sounds The loud buzzing and clicking noises made by some grasshoppers when they jump may serve to emphasize the movement

1 The word "enhance" in line 2 is closest in meaning to _

A encourage B resist C increase D reveal

2 The description of the prey's movement as "zigzag" suggests that the

movement is _

A reliable B fast C constant D unpredictable

3 It can be inferred from the passage that the European hare _

A is faster than most of its predators

B is capable of two kinds of flight

C is more likely to escape using straight flight

D is preyed upon by gulls and falcons

4 The behaviour of black-beaded gulls is most comparable to that

of _

A gazelles B European hares C peregrine falcons D frogs

5 It can be inferred that black-beaded gulls change direction when they spot a peregrine falcon for which of the following reasons?

A The falcons are faster than the gulls

B The gulls want to capture the falcons

C The falcons are unpredictable

D The gulls depend on the falcons for protection

6 The word "alarmed" in line 18 is closest in meaning to _

A moving B selected C frightened D exhausted

7 All of the followings are mentioned as characteristics of "flash" behaviour EXCEPT

A brief conspicuous activity B immobility

C bright body markings D aggressive fighting

8 The phrase "in particular" in line 20 is closest in meaning to _

A especially B with difficulty C expertly D

frequently

9 The hind wings of red and yellow underwing moths function in a way that is most similar to _

A the hind wings of peregrine falcons

B the zigzag flight of European hares

C the colored patches on frogs

D the clicking of grasshoppers

10 Why does the author mention "grasshopper" in the last line?

A To contrast animals that "flash" with animals that "freeze"

B As an example of an animal whose "flash" behaviour is a sound

C To compare the jumping behaviour of insects and reptiles

D As an example of a predator that moths escape by using "flash" behavior

Answer key:

Exercise 2:

A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE?

How long will a baby born today live? 100 years? 120 years? Scientists are studying genes that could mean long life for us all

There are already many, many people who have passed the landmark age of

100 In fact, there are now so many healthy, elderly people that there’s a new term for them: the wellderly These are people over the age of 80 who have no diseases such a high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes and have never taken medicines for these conditions

There have been many scientific studies of communities where a healthy old age

is typical These include places like Calabria in southern Italy and the island of Okinawa in Japan The small village of Molochio in Calabria has about 2,000 inhabitants And of those, there are at least eight centenarians When researchers ask people like this this the secret of their long life, the answer is almost always to do with diet and is almost always the same ‘I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.’ ‘A little bit, but of everything.’ ‘No smoking, no drinking.’ Whilst in the past scientists have looked at things such as diet and lifestyle for

an explanation of long life, these days they are investigating genetics Once such researcher is Eric Topol, who says, ‘There must be genes that explain why these individuals are protected from the aging process.’

The new research into long life looks at groups of people who have a genetic connection For example, one group of interest lives in Ecuador In one area of the country there are a number of people with the same genetic condition It’s called Laron syndrome The condition means that they don’t grow to more than about one metre, but is also seems to give them protection against cancer and diabetes As a result, they live longer than other people in their families Meanwhilst, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, there’s another group of long-lived men, Japanese-Americans They have a similar gene to the Laron syndrome group

Back in Canada, scientists are trying to work out exactly how much of the longevity is due to genetics and how much to environment By checking public records going back to the 29th century, researchers have reconstructed the

family trees of 202 nonagenarians and centenarians They concluded that there

were genetic factors involved And they seemed to benefit the men more than the women – a surprising result because generally in Europe, there are five times more women centenarians than men

So what really makes people live longer? It seems likely that it is an interaction

of genes, the environment and probably a third factor – luck

(Source: http://www.ngllife.com/long-and-healthy-life-0)

1 What two factors for long life do scientists usually investigate?

A where people live and what their lifestyle are

B genetic factors and environmental factors

C people’s diet and activity when they were young

D people’s working and living habits

2 Diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure _

A are common illnesses in elderly people

B teach scientists a lot about old age and long life

C are never found amongst a group of people in Ecuador

D affect people in some areas more than those in others

3 What do some people from Calabria and Okinawa have in common?

A They suffer from diabetes

D They have an unusual genetic illness

C They live long and healthy lives

D They have similar genetic patterns

4 According to the article,

A scientists are investigating people who are 120 years old

B scientific advances mean we will all live to at least 100 years

C scientists have found genes that might influence how long we live

D scientists haven’t discovered why people in some areas typically live longer than others

5 The word “landmark” is closest in meaning to

A important stage B major breakthrough

6 According to the article, _

A people who live in small villages have healthier lifestyles

B in parts of Italy and Japan, most people live to be a hundred

C men generally outlive women in most parts of the world

D some communities in Italy and Japan have been studied by scientists

7 Healthy elderly people

A often say that their diet is the most important thing

B don’t usually know what the secret to long life is

C give many different reasons for their old age

D used to pursue at least one type of physical activity when they were young

8 The word “nonagenarians” is closest in meaning to _

A people under 100 years old

B people over 100 years old

C people from 50 to 59 years old

D people from 90 to 99 years old

9 Laron syndrome is interesting to scientists because _

A it might help people with growth problems

B it shows that there is a genetic reason for old age

C there are different versions of the syndrome

D what causes it is still a mystery

10 Scientists think that healthy old age

A is typical in certain communities only

B is a genetic condition in European women

C was more common in the 19th century than it is today

D is the result of the interaction of different factors

Answer key :

Exercise 3 :

In the past, technology and progress was very slow People “invented” farming 12,000 years ago but it took 8,000 years for the idea to go around the world Then, about 3,500 years ago, people called “potters” used round wheels to turn and make plates But it took hundreds of years before some clever person thought, if we join two wheels together and make them bigger,

we can use them to move things

In the last few centuries, things have begun to move faster Take a century invention like the aeroplane, for example The first acroplane flight on

20th-17 December 1903 only lasted 12 seconds, and the plane only went 37 metres

It can't have been very exciting to watch, but that flight changed the world Sixteen years later, the first plane flew across the Atlantic, and only fifty years after that, men walked on the moon Technology is now changing our world faster and faster So what will the future bring?

One of the first changes will be the materials we use Scientists have just invented an amazing new material called graphene, and soon we will use it to

do lots of things With graphene batteries in your mobile, it will take a few seconds to charge your phone or download a thousand gigabytes of information! Today, we make most products in factories, but in the future, scientists will invent living materials Then we won't make things like cars and furniture in factories - we will grow them!

Thirty years ago, people couldn't have imagined social media like Twitter and Facebook Now we can't llve without them But this is only the start Right now, scientists are putting microchips in some disabled people's brains, to help them see, hear and communicate better In the future, we may all use these technologies We won't need smartphones to use social media or search the internet because the internet will be in our heads!

More people will go into space in the future, too Space tourism has already begun, and a hundred years from now, there may be many hotels in space One day, we may get most of our energy from space too In 1941, the writer Isaac Asimov wrote about a solar power station in space People laughed at his idea then, but we should have listened to him Today, many people are trying to develop a space solar power station After all, the sun always shines above the clouds!

Question 1: The writer says that in the past

A people didn't invent many things B people didn't want to use wheels

C most inventions were to do with farming D it took time for new ideas to change things

Question 2: Why does the writer use the example of the aeroplane?

A To explain why transport changed in the 20th century

B Because he thinks It's the most important invention in history

C To explain how space travel started

D To show how an invention developed quickly

Question 3: What does the writer say about the future of communication?

A We can't know what the most popular social media will be

B Microchips will become faster

C We won't use the internet as much

D We won't need devices like smartphones

Question 4: What does the writer say about space solar power?

A It's an old idea, but people are only starting to develop it now

B It's a science fiction idea, and nobody really thinks it will work

C It's much easier to build a solar power station in space than on Earth

D People tried it in 1941, but they didn't succeed

Question 5: The best title for the article would be

A Man in space B Will computers rule the

Exercise 4:

No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly From mere spectators, they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air

and the skepticism of their male counterparts In doing so they enlarged the

traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress

of aviation

But recognition of their abilities did not come easily "Men do not believe

us capable." the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend

"Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed, old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne-herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation - he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force

Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up - to - date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds

Ruth Law, whose 590 - mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set

a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and

grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly And when she addressed

the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just purely for the love of accomplishment."

(TOEFL Readings)

Question 1: Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A A Long Flight B Women in Aviation History

C Dangers Faced by Pilots D Women Spectators

Question 2: According to the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following EXCEPT _

A challenging the conventional role of women B contributing to the

Question 6: The word “skepticism” is closest in meaning to

A hatred B doubt C support D surprise Question 7: The word “addressed” can be best replaced by

A mailed B came back to C spoke to D consulted Question 8: The word “counterparts” refers to

A passengers B pilots C skills D hazards

Answer key :

1B 2C 3A 4 D 5D 6B 7C 8B

Exercise 5:

Answer key :

1D 2B 3C 4B 5A

Exercise 6 :

[1] Canadian English is a regional variety of North American English that spans almost the entire continent Canadian English became a separate variety of North American English after the American Revolution, when thousands of Loyalists, people who had supported the British, left the United States and fled north to Canada Many Loyalists settled in southern Ontario in the 1780s, and their speech became the basis for what is called General Canadian, a definition based on the norms of urban middle-class speech

[2] Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it resembles and differs from American or British English Canadian English has a great deal in common with the English spoken in the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British Many American visitors to Canada think the Canadian vocabulary- sounds British – for example, they notice the British "tap" and "braces" instead of the American "faucet" and

"suspenders." On the other hand, many British people identify a Canadian accent as American, and British visitors think the Canadians have become Americanized, saying "gas" and "truck" for "petrol" and "lorry."

[3] People who live outside North America often find it difficult to hear the differences between Canadian and American English There are many similarities between the two varieties, yet they are far from identical Canadian English is instantly recognizable to other Canadians, and one Canadian in a crowded room will easily spot the other Canadian among the North Americans

[4] There is no distinctive Canadian grammar The differences are mainly in pronunciation, vocabulary, and idioms Canadian pronunciation reflects the experience of a people struggling for national identity against two strong influences About 75 percent of Canadians use the British "zed" rather than the American "zee" for the name of the last letter of the alphabet

On the other hand, 75 percent of Canadians use the American pronunciation of "schedule,"

"tomato," and "missile." The most obvious and distinctive feature of Canadian speech is probably its vowel sound, the diphthong "/ou/." In Canada, "out" is pronounced like "oat" in nearby U.S accents There are other identifying features of Canadian vowels: for example,

"cot" is pronounced the same as "caught" and "collar" the same as "caller."

[5] An important characteristic of the vocabulary of Canadian English is the use of many words and phrases originating in Canada itself, such as "kerosene" and "chesterfield" ("sofa")