Test bank for fundamentals of anatomy and physiology 11e c15

Nội dung test bank Giới thiệu về Giải phẫu và Sinh lý học, Cấp độ tổ chức hóa học, Cấp độ tổ chức tế bào, Cấp độ tổ chức, Hệ thống tích hợp, Cấu trúc xương và xương, Bộ xương trục, Bộ xương ruột thừa, Khớp, Mô cơ, Hệ thống cơ bắp , Mô thần kinh, Tủy sống, Thần kinh cột sống và Phản xạ cột sống, Thần kinh não và sọ, Đường dẫn truyền cảm giác và Hệ thần kinh Somatic, Hệ thần kinh tự chủ và Chức năng bậc cao, Các giác quan đặc biệt, Hệ thống nội tiết, Máu Tim, mạch máu và tuần hoàn, hệ thống bạch huyết và miễn dịch, hệ hô hấp, hệ tiêu hóa, trao đổi chất, dinh dưỡng và năng lượng, hệ thống tiết niệu, chất lỏng, chất điện giải và cân bằng axit, hệ thống sinh sản The Chemical Level of Organization, The Cellular Level of Organization,The Tissue Level of Organization,The Integumentary System,Bones and Bone Structure,The Axial Skeleton,The Appendicular Skeleton,Joints, Muscle Tissue,The Muscular System,Nervous Tissue,The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes,The Brain and Cranial Nerves,Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System,The Autonomic Nervous System and HigherOrder Functions,The Special Senses, The Endocrine System,Blood, The Heart,Blood Vessels and Circulation,The Lymphatic System and Immunity,The Respiratory System, The Digestive System,Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics,The Urinary System,Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid—Base Balance, The Reproductive System

10) Yourȱbrainȱisȱnotȱconstantlyȱbombardedȱwithȱsignalsȱtellingȱitȱthatȱyouȱareȱwearingȱsocks.ȱThisisȱbecauseȱtheȱtouchȱreceptorsȱaroundȱyourȱankleȱare

28) ReceptorsȱinȱyourȱstomachȱthatȱdetermineȱwhenȱfoodȱentersȱbecauseȱtheȱpHȱchangesȱwouldȱbeclassifiedȱas

32) Aȱreceptorȱthatȱcontainsȱmanyȱmechanically-gatedȱionȱchannelsȱwouldȱfunctionȱbestȱasȱaA) tactileȱreceptor.

41) Aȱveryȱlarge,ȱfast-adaptingȱtactileȱreceptorȱthatȱisȱcomposedȱofȱaȱsingleȱdendriteȱenclosedȱbyconcentricȱlayersȱofȱcollagenȱisȱa

45) Aȱsensoryȱreceptorȱcharacterizedȱperipherallyȱasȱaȱfreeȱnerveȱendingȱwhichȱcentrallyȱusesglutamateȱand/orȱsubstanceȱPȱasȱneurotransmittersȱwouldȱmostȱlikelyȱbeȱa

53) Whyȱisȱitȱthatȱoneȱcannotȱidentifyȱtheȱlocationȱofȱinternalȱorgans,ȱalthoughȱjointsȱandȱbone locationȱcanȱbeȱidentified?

A) Theȱinternalȱorgansȱhaveȱnoȱproprioceptorsȱlikeȱjoints,ȱbones,ȱandȱmuscles

B) Internalȱorgansȱhaveȱnoȱpainȱreceptors

C) Althoughȱinternalȱorgansȱhaveȱsomeȱreceptors,ȱtheȱinformationȱisȱnotȱinterpretedȱbyȱthebrain

D) Internalȱorgansȱhaveȱnoȱreceptorsȱofȱanyȱkind

E) Sensoryȱinformationȱfromȱinternalȱorgansȱisȱprocessedȱbyȱaȱdifferentȱpartȱofȱtheȱbrainthanȱtheȱjoints,ȱbones,ȱandȱmuscles

57) Activityȱofȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱspinothalamicȱpathwayȱmayȱstillȱsendȱsignalsȱevenȱifȱtheȱfirstȱordersensoryȱreceptorȱdoesȱnotȱreceiveȱaȱsignalȱsuchȱasȱinȱamputation.ȱThisȱsituationȱmightȱcauseA) referredȱpain.

61) Stimulationȱofȱaȱneuronȱthatȱterminatesȱinȱtheȱsuperiorȱregionȱofȱtheȱleftȱpostcentralȱgyruswouldȱproduce

66) Thalamicȱneuronsȱthatȱprojectȱtoȱtheȱprimaryȱsensoryȱcortexȱareȱ ȱneurons.A) receptor

D) differentȱtypesȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱproduceȱactionȱpotentialsȱofȱdifferentȱsizesȱandshapes

E) ofȱtheȱmanyȱtypesȱofȱtactileȱreceptors

Answer: B

LearningȱOutcome: 15-4

BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering

79) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱprogressive,ȱdegenerativeȱdisorderȱthatȱaffectsȱupperȱandȱlowermotorȱneuronsȱcausingȱskeletalȱmuscleȱatrophy?

88) Theȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱnormallyȱplaysȱaȱroleȱinȱtheȱsubconsciousȱregulationȱofȱtheȱmusclesȱofȱthearmsȱisȱtheȱ ȱtract.

E) actȱasȱgatekeepers,ȱfilteringȱoutȱunnecessaryȱsensorimotorȱactivity.

Answer: C

LearningȱOutcome: 15-5

BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering

110) Inȱtheȱcorticospinalȱpathway,ȱtheȱneuronȱthatȱexitsȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱandȱentersȱtheȱspinalȱnerveisȱcalledȱtheȱ ȱneuron.

In-Text Figure Based Questions

D) gracileȱfasciculusȱandȱcuneateȱfasciculus

Essay Questions

1) Whatȱareȱtheȱfourȱtypesȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱforȱtheȱgeneralȱsenses?ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱnatureȱofȱthestimuliȱthatȱexciteȱeachȱtype?

Answer: (1)ȱNociceptors:ȱaȱvarietyȱofȱstimuliȱassociatedȱwithȱtissueȱdamage;ȱ(2)ȱthermoreceptors:

respondȱtoȱchangesȱinȱtemperature;ȱ(3)ȱmechanoreceptors:ȱstimulatedȱbyȱphysicaldistortion,ȱcontact,ȱorȱpressure;ȱandȱ(4)ȱchemoreceptors:ȱmonitorȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱspecificchemicalȱsubstances

LearningȱOutcome: 15-3

BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding

2) Jakeȱstepsȱonȱaȱpieceȱofȱiceȱwithȱhisȱrightȱfoot.ȱOutlineȱtheȱpathwayȱthisȱsensationȱwillȱtravelȱtoreachȱhisȱbrainȱbeingȱspecificȱaboutȱtheȱstructuresȱalongȱtheȱway

Answer: WhenȱJakeȱstepsȱonȱaȱpieceȱofȱiceȱitȱwillȱactivateȱaȱthermoreceptorȱwhichȱareȱfreeȱnerve

endingsȱinȱtheȱdermis.ȱThisȱsensationȱwillȱtravelȱupȱtheȱaxonȱofȱaȱfirst -orderȱneuronenteringȱtheȱCNSȱthroughȱtheȱdorsalȱroot.ȱTheȱfirst-orderȱneuronȱwillȱsynapseȱwithȱasecond-orderȱ(interneuron)ȱinȱtheȱposteriorȱgrayȱhorn.ȱTheȱsecond -orderȱaxonsȱwillenterȱtheȱlateralȱspinothalamicȱtractȱonȱtheȱoppositeȱsideȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱandȱascendtoȱtheȱthalamus.ȱAtȱtheȱthalamusȱtheȱsecond-orderȱneuronȱwillȱsynapseȱwithȱathird-orderȱneuronȱwhichȱwillȱendȱatȱtheȱprimaryȱsensoryȱcortexȱonȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱthebrain

LearningȱOutcome: 15-4

BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying

4) HowȱcanȱanȱunderstandingȱofȱtheȱneurotransmittersȱimportantȱinȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱbasalnucleiȱcontributeȱtoȱanȱunderstandingȱtheȱunderlyingȱcauseȱforȱParkinsonȇsȱdisease?

Answer: Twoȱdistinctȱpopulationsȱofȱneuronsȱexist:ȱoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱneuronsȱbyȱreleasing

acetylcholine,ȱandȱanotherȱthatȱinhibitsȱneuronsȱthroughȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱgammaaminobutyricȱacidȱ(GABA).ȱUnderȱnormalȱconditions,ȱtheȱexcitatoryȱinterneuronsȱarekeptȱinactive,ȱandȱtheȱtractsȱleavingȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱhaveȱanȱinhibitoryȱeffectȱonȱuppermotorȱneurons.ȱInȱParkinsonȇsȱdisease,ȱtheȱexcitatoryȱneuronsȱbecomeȱmoreȱactive,leadingȱtoȱproblemsȱwithȱtheȱvoluntaryȱcontrolȱofȱmovement.ȱTreatmentȱdirectedȱatincreasingȱtheȱsupplyȱofȱGABAȱisȱbeingȱinvestigatedȱactively

LearningȱOutcome: 15-5

BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying