Quản lý di tích lịch sử cách mạng ATK (qua nghiên cứu ở tuyên quang, thái nguyên, bắc kạn) tt tiếng anh

The conservation and promotion of valuable revolutionary historical sites of Viet Bac region has gained initial successes in recent years, however, studies on the management of monuments

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE

********

HA THUY MAI

MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE

ZONE MONUMENTS (THROUGH RESEARCH

IN TUYEN QUANG, THAI NGUYEN, BAC KAN)

Specialization: Cultural Management

Code: 9319042

SUMMARY OF CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PH.D THESIS

HANOI - 2019

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM

Science instructor:

Associate Professor Dr Nguyen Toan Thang

Reviewer 1: Assoc Pro Dr Trinh Thi Minh Duc

Nguyen Trai University

Reviewer 2: Dr Nguyen Thi Hoa

Management Board of Hanoi Monuments and Landmarks

Reviewer 3: Assoc Pro Dr Nguyen Quoc Hung

Vietnam National Institute Of Culture and Arts Studies

The dissertation will be defended in front of thesis evaluating Council

at school level at Hanoi University of Culture

No 418, La Thanh Street, Dong Da District, Ha Noi

At , , 2019

The dissertation can be found at:

- Vietnam National Library

- Hanoi University of Culture Library

INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale

With the distinctive characteristics of the formation history, the process of formation and development, the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan have become invaluable assets of the nation The study of safe zone monuments to create a basis for the conservation and promotion of these values in relation to each other and to the region is an important, urgent matter and is indispensable character of the linkage and development of the network of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of each locality having monuments as well

as in the region and the whole country in general This matter became even more urgent when historic revolutionary safe zone monuments were recognized as special national monuments with many changes in appearance as well as management regulations in the new situation

In recent years, there have been many researches on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, as well as many researches on the conservation and promotion of these monuments However, since the monuments have been classified as national monuments in particular, there has not been any research work on the management of these monuments to comprehensively assess the achievements and there are limitations of the management of monuments is two important aspects of the conservation and promotion of the value of monuments and management of monuments accessible from state management and community management In addition, the recognition of national monuments in particular in the context that 03 monuments are belonging to three different provinces but located close to each other and has many similarities in terms of culture, customs, population and soil, etc also requires a comprehensive study to make detailed assessments on the basis of regional linkages in conservation and promotion of the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang and Thai Nguyen Bac Kan to serves the economic and social development of the region and the whole country

The three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan are located in the northern mountainous region of our country, known to the people of the whole country for their indomitable and unyielding revolutionary tradition of cultural characteristics typical of ethnic minorities

in the northern mountainous region of our country Also in this area, revolutionary historical sites have become the pride not only of the people here but also the people of the country The conservation and promotion of valuable revolutionary historical sites of Viet Bac region has gained initial successes in recent years, however, studies on the management of monuments revolutions in this area in recent years account for not much, especially the lack of intensive and comprehensive research works on the revolutionary heritage monument system in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan

In the system of revolutionary historical monuments of the mentioned area, we must mention relics classified as special national monuments, namely Tan Trao safe zone relic, Tuyen Quang province, Dinh Hoa safe zone relic and Thai Nguyen province and Cho Don safe zone relic, Bac Kan province After being recognized as a special national monument, the appearance of these monuments has changed a lot compared to the previous in terms of boundary and spatial distribution of component monuments This requires an objective research and evaluation of the status

above-of the management above-of monuments in order to identify the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations in the management of safe zone monuments over time On that basis, propose practical solutions to improve the effectiveness of the management of these monuments in the future This

is an important task that contributes to preserving and promoting the beautiful and lasting values of the monument to a large number of people in the country and international friends when coming to the cradle of the Vietnamese revolution in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan

From the above problem, the researcher realized that it is necessary to have an in-depth study on the management historic revolutionary safe zone

historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan to research the situation and find out the achievements and limitations in the management of the national special historic revolutionary safe zone relic in 3 provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan and offer solutions to improve the quality of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments management in the near future For that

reason, the PhD student selected the topic "Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan)" as the topic of doctoral thesis

specializing in Cultural Management

2 Research purposes and tasks

2.1 Research purposes

Researching the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan to find out achievements and limitations in the management of these monuments over the past time Make judgments and assessments objectively about the achievements and limitations as well as the causes of the limitations in the management of monuments, creating a scientific basis for offering solutions

to improve the efficiency management results at these monuments

+ Assess the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations in the management of these monuments

+ Based on the comments, objectively assess the status of the management work, propose solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the coming time

3 Research subject and scope

3.1 Research subjects

Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments: Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan accessible from the State and the management participation of the community

3.2 Research scope

Space: The thesis studies all areas zoned for the protection of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, in which focusing on researching at 3 historic revolutionary safe zone monuments typical for each province including Tan Trao historic revolutionary safe zone monument, Tuyen Quang province, Dinh Hoa Thai Nguyen province and Cho Don in Bac Kan province Time: Research topic on the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments: Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan since the sites were classified as special national monuments

4 Research questions and scientific hypotheses

4.1 Research question

Implement the research project of "Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan)", the PhD student posed the following research questions:

1 Approaching from the state management, how the state management levels have played their role in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan?

2 As subjects of preserving the values of cultural heritage, how has the local community where historic revolutionary safe zone monuments are

located in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan shown its role in its management of these monuments recently?

3 The coordination between the State and the community in the management of has is tight and effective or not?

4 What needs to be done to promote the role of both the State and the community in order to manage historic revolutionary safe zone monuments more effectively?

4.2 Scientific hypothesis

The State and community both play an important role in managing historical - cultural relics in general and historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in particular If there is a clear decentralization and close cooperation between the State and the community, this work will certainly

be effective

5 Research method

Document research methods; Statistical methods; Methods of analysis

- synthesis; Logical and historical methods; Interview method; Methods of sociological investigation; Fieldwork method, field survey; Comparative method; Modeling method; Professional solution

6 The contribution of the thesis

The thesis is the first in-depth research of the management work at the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, especially after these monuments have been classified as national monuments, especially with basic changes in appearance, protection scope as well as management regulations in the new situation, requires a new level in both theory and practice

The thesis is the first work to study the current situation of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments located in regional links and in specific conditions of regional culture of the North Vietnam The status of the state management in the aforementioned monuments as well as the participation of the community will give us an objective, honest view of the value of the monuments as well as the achievements and limitations of the management of these monuments in

recent years Create a basis for planning conservation and promoting strategies of these monuments in the future Summarizing experiences from the research results of the thesis will play an important role in orienting solutions to preserve and promote the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces

On that basis, contributed to the success of the process of national construction, development, education and patriotic consciousness, and indomitable and tenacious struggle of the present and future generations of Vietnamese people

7 The structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, appendices, the thesis content is structured with 03 chapters:

Chapter 1: Literature review, theoretical basis and overview of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan

Chapter 2: Current situation of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments from the perspective of the state and community Chapter 3: Solutions to improve the efficiency of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan

Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW, THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW

OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE MONUMENTS IN THREE PROVINCES OF TUYEN QUANG, THAI NGUYEN AND

BAC KAN

1.1 Literature review

1.1.1 The research works on cultural heritage management

Managing cultural heritage is an issue that has been interested by scholars in the country as well as around the world The research of scholars revolves around many issues related to the field of cultural heritage

management In which the authors are interested in the basic issues of cultural heritage such as: The birth of cultural heritage management; the role and functions of managing cultural heritage; research issues of cultural heritage management; how to practice in managing cultural heritage, etc Solving the above problems, in the world, there are many works of many scholars who have discussed with many typical authors such as: Peter Howard in his book of Heritage: Management, interpretation and identity; Zhan Chang Yuan in Cultural Industrial Management curriculum; Brian Garrod, Alan Fayall in the study of heritage management and tourism; Arthur Perdersen in A practical guide for world heritage site managers, etc

In our country, cultural heritage has become the object of research and

a top concern of specialized researchers, cultural heritage managers, etc especially in recent years, cultural heritage is affected by the urbanization process and the impact of developing a market economy At this time, the study of cultural heritage does not only focus on issues such as what is cultural heritage? Heritage for whom? Cultural heritage for what? The role

of Cultural Heritage? Or content of cultural heritage management, etc Discussions and explanations for the above issues include the research works of typical authors such as: Collections of A road to access cultural heritage [24] , 25]; Bui Hoai Son with the article Who's Heritage for and the story of organizing traditional festivals in Vietnam [60] and Heritage for what and some heritage management stories in Vietnam [63]; Nguyen Quoc Hung in "The role of cultural heritage in the development of our country today" [37]; Preserve and promote the value of intangible cultural heritage

at historical and cultural monuments [34], etc.; The future vision of cultural heritage and monuments protection system in our country [35] Dang Van Bai in the issue of state management in the field of cultural heritage conservation [4]; Preserving intangible cultural heritage - from the perspective of globalization [5]; Preserving cultural heritage in the development process [6], etc.; Luu Tran Tieu in the article "Some issues on restoration and preservation of cultural and historical relics [89], etc.; Quang Minh and Nguyen Thi Thu Trang in the role of the community from

the perspective of preserving cultural heritage [54] Scientific conference

of Festival - Values awareness and management solution [11] by Ministry

of Literature Chemical, Sports and Tourism and National Cultural Heritage Council held in Hanoi in 2013; 2014 Scientific Conference on management

of world cultural and natural heritage in Vietnam [12] organized by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism at Thang Long Imperial Citadel in Hanoi; In 2015, the Conference of Conservation Science promoted the value of the world heritage from the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long organized by the Thang Long Heritage Conservation Center in Hanoi in collaboration with the UNESCO Vietnam Committee in Hanoi, etc

1.1.2 The research works on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan

Before and after historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan were recognized as special national monuments, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments have become the object of research of many historians, Many researchers of culture and related sciences Researching on revolutionary historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, the studies focused on two basic aspects related

to these relics: the study of meaning and values of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments; The second study focuses on the conservation and promotion of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the provinces mentioned above

From the perspective of history, historians appreciate the position of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the resistance war for national independence as well as the role of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in social life today Military History Institute, Ministry of Defense in the book "History of resistance against France (1945-1954)", 6 volumes, published in 1985 [108]; Command of Military Region I in the book "Summarizing and directing the implementation of military strategic tasks of the Viet Bac Inter-Region (1945-1954)" [13, 15]; Nguyen Xuan Minh, Hoang Ngoc La and Do Hong Thai of the History Department, Viet

Bac University of Pedagogy in the research topic "Understanding Central Safety zone in the war against the French colonialists (1945- 1954) ”[50] Pham Thuyet in Son La district historical vestige [77]; Phu Ninh in Tuyen Quang historical monuments [55]; Nguyen Khoa Diem in the article Building and developing an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with national identity [31]; Van Tao in the August Revolution article - some historical issues [69], etc

1.1.3 The research works on the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan

Author Hoang Nhu Loan in "The work of preserving, embellishing and promoting the value of historical relics - Souvenir about President Ho Chi Minh at Tan Trao historic revolutionary safe zone monument" [46]; Nguyen Quoc Hung in the article: "Historical revolutionary monuments - evidence of change" [39]; Author Pham Xanh in Article "Something to think about revolutionary monuments" [110];

In general, the research works on the management of revolutionary historical monuments in three provinces of Thai Nguyen, Tuyen Quang and Bac Kan are not many, most of the research works are in small and separate There is no cohesion of the monuments together Besides, so far, there has not been any research project focusing on the current situation of management work in all three monuments in 03 provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in the framework of a research and evaluation This is a land for PhD students to implement the thesis

Through the overview of documents and research works related to the content of the thesis, the PhD student draws some initial comments as follows:

- Managing cultural heritage today is a matter that interests many researchers and managers in many articles and research works in both theoretical and practical aspects The views on the cultural heritage management of domestic and foreign researchers have many similarities, focusing on the issues of the origin of cultural heritage, the role and

functions of cultural heritage as well as preserving and promoting the value

of cultural heritage in contemporary social life

- Studies on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan of various levels: From survey reports, monuments reports to magazine articles; thesis, master thesis, doctoral thesis; scientific research projects at provincial, national and national scientific conferences, etc Studies of the heritage area are the subjects of the management work, which are mostly introductory about the role and location of the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments as well

as the great contributions of the army and people of the region in resistance

to national independence, origin and status of relics in the perspective of history, culture and military

However, the researches on cultural heritage management of previous researchers have not covered a broad range of issues as follows:

Firstly, the works focus on studying historic revolutionary monuments from the viewpoint of history and military The issue of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan has not been paid adequate attention in the intensive research works, the research focuses mainly on the small articles, or from a tourism development perspective The issue of promoting the value of monuments in the spirit of community-based and cultural development of ethnic communities in the area of relics has not been mentioned

Secondly, most of the works mention only the subject of management without considering management tools The management of cultural heritage is essentially the management of protection and promotion of cultural heritage values, and at the same time managing the socio-economic activities in the monument protection areas that may put pressure on the protection of cultural heritage, preserving the original elements that make

up the monument In the system of management tools, conservation strategy issues, promotion of the value of monuments, planning of monuments and conservation projects of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, etc have not been studied in depth and discussed

Thirdly, the issue of cultural identity of ethnic groups in the North Vietnam in relation to preserving and promoting the value of revolutionary heritage has not been questioned and paid due attention While in the management practices at these monuments, the advantages of regional culture, the lives of the people of the ethnic minorities in the North of Vietnam have emerged as a strength in the potential form of exploitation and utilization

Fourthly, for historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, apart from the issues not mentioned as mentioned above, up to now, there has not been any specific research system of monuments management after the monuments are classified as special national monuments with impacts in both positive and negative directions to the monument, this is a big challenge for managers and local authorities in the short term as well as long term Fifthly, considering the issue of promoting the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in order to serve the local socio-economic development on the basis of potential links, the value of monuments in the overall cultural has not been paid much attention, researching in general based on analyzing the status of each zone and site of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments

Through an overview of the literature on the management of the cultural heritage in general, the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, it can be seen that so far there has been no work which scientific research is in depth and comprehensive on the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in order to generalize the most common issues

of management at these monuments, on that basis, assess the advantages, shortcomings and causes in order to orient and find solutions to improve the effectiveness of the management of these monuments The previous studies gap will be a certain gap that PhD students will continue to explore and research in the thesis The studies of the previous scholars will be an