Complete the following extract from the user's manual of a GPS device usingthe verbs in Exercise 4a.. b Read the following article and compare it to your answers in Exercise 6a... 7 7 a
Trang 1CAVTnRIDGE
Trang 2I Describingtechnical f,
functionsand
applications Explaininghowtechnology works
Emphasisingtechnical advantages Simplifyingand illustrating technicalexplanations
SpeciÍyingand describing properties
Discussingqualityissues
I Describingcomponent shapesand
features
Explainingand assessing manufacturing techniques Explainingjointingand fixingtechniques
n Describingpositionsof assembledcomponents
f, Discussingdimensionsand precision
Describingdesignphases and procedures Resolvingdesignproblems
T Describingtypesof technicalproblem
Assessingand interpreting faults
Describingthe causesof n
faults
Discussingrepairsand maintenance
Wordsstemmingfrom use allow, enable, permit, ensure, prevent Verbsto describemovement Verbsand adjectivesto describe advantages
Adverbsfor addingemphasis Phrasesforsimplifyingand rephrasing
Commonmaterials Categoriesof materials consistof, comprise,made of, made from,mode out of Propertiesof materials Phrasesfor describingrequirements CompoundsoÍresistant
Adverbsof degree Shapesand 3D features Wordsto describemachining Phrasesfor describingsuitability Verbsand nounsto describejoints and fixings
Prepositionsof position
Viewson technicaldrawings Phrasesrelatedto scole
Phrasesrelatedto tolerance length, width, thickness, etc.
Drawingtypesand versions Verbsfor describingstagesof
a designprocess Verbsand nounsfor describing designproblems
Verbsand adjectivesfor describing technicalproblems
Wordsfor describingfaultsand theirseverity
Phrasesfor describingcertainty/
uncertainty Adjectiveswith prefixesfor describingtechnicalproblems Verbsfor describingrepairsand maintenance
Listening GPS applications Spaceelevators Advantagesof a newpump A guidedtour Reading
Spaceelevators Otis lifttechnology Pile foundations
Listening
An environmentalaudit Specialisedtools
High-performancewatches Reading
Materialsrecycling Regenerativebrakes Kevlar
Listening
A projectbriefing Electricalplugsand sockets Metalfabrication
UHP waterjetcutting Optionsfor fixing Clusterballooning Reading Cuttingoperations Flowwaterjettechnology Jointsand fixings Theflyinggardenchair Listening
A drawingquery Scale
A floordesign Designprocedures Revisinga detail Reading Superflatfloors Oueries andinstructions
Listening
A racingcar testsession Testsessionproblems Technicalhelp{ine Tyrepressureproblems
A maintenancecheck Reading
Air TransatFlight236
Trang 3Contents
Trang 4n ry Discussingtechnical
requirements
Suggestingideasand solutions Assessingfeasibility Describingimprovements and redesigns
n Describinghealthand
ffi safetyprecautions
Emphasisingthe importanceof precautions Discussingregulationsand standards
Workingwithwritten instructionsand notices
T Describingautomated f, systems
Referringto measurable parameters
Discussingreadingsand trends
Givingapproximatefigures
ITE Explainingtestsand f,
experiments
Exchangingviewson predictionsand
theories Comparingresultswith expectations Discussingcausesand effects
ET Discussingperformance and
suitability
Describingphysicalforces Discussingrelative performance
Describingcapabilitiesand
n limitations
Phrasesfor referringto quantity Simulatorrequirementsand effects
modifications ldiomsto describeredesigning
Phrasesfor emphasisingimportance Hazardanalysis
Termsto describeregulations LivelineprecautionsSafetytraining Commonlanguageon safetynotices Oral instructions
Helicoptersafetyon oil platforms
Pumped storagehydroelectricpower Wordsand phrasesfor
Internalreviews
Industrialprocessmonitoring Dynamicdemandcontrols
Wordsand phrasesfor agreeingand Air drop problems
Reading Phrasesfor comparingexpectations
Wordsfor linkingcausesand effects Chickencannon Adjectivesfor describingsuitability Listening
Wordsto describe typesof forces Tallstructures
Wordsto describecapabilitiesand Solar towers
The Sonrc Wind tests
Trang 5The rocketsled proposal
Trang 6Contents
Trang 7,*ly ?"'
Trang 8I Describingtechnicalfunctions
andapplicatíons
Trang 9ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ» 圆ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ¼墬ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ½ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ¿٤ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÀ枦ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÁᖴᖴ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÃ⟀ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÄ 摨ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÅಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔ¶䗎ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ·精ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ¸㭤ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ» 圆ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ¼墬ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ½ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ¿٤ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÀ 枦ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÁᖴᖴ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÃ⟀ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÄ摨ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÅಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÈĬಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÉ㡌ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÊ䄀 ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÌ 愖ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÍಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÎⳆಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÑ俈ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÒ羦ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÓ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÕ溈ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÖㆀಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ×✸
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÙͪಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÚ 乨ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÛಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÞ 㩔ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔß淐ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔà矦
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔâ崖ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔã么ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔä杸ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔç 䰨ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔè ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ਜ é
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔë䮘ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔì䭲ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔí䣚ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔð⯺ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔñŎಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔò∶ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔõ 抰ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔöಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ÷潖 ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔù峞ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔú傀ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔû牬ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔþ獴ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔÿ揘ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĀ箊 ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĂ 獤ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔă昐ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĄ稈ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔć偸ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĈូ ូ ូĉ件ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔČ 嶸ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔč擠ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĎᗠᗠ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĐ㶎ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔđ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ੮ Ē朼ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĕ❚ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĖ䥢ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔė㲊 ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔęಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĚ 崦ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔě罜ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĞ墆ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔğᙊᙊಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĠ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĢ歠ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔģ䝀ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĤ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĦ᷂ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔħ 冰ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĨᶦಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔī␐ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĬˮಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĭ 扴ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔİĮಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔıⲞⲞಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔIJ剪ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĵ 㕐ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĶ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ச ķ 䗈 ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĹಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĺ吨ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĻ瀨ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔľۨ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔĿ㮞ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŀⅆಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŃ 㹈ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔń ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ର Ņ 䡬
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŇ掤ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔň溞ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔʼn泞ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŌ劌ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔō徘ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŎ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŐ 澚ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔő瑂ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŒ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŔ㡖ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŕ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ෆ Ŗ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ⵐ
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔřᖼᖼಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŚ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔś否ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŞಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔş ㅜಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŠ垈
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŢᎸᎸಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔţ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ቈ Ťشಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŧ 紼ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŨ۞ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔũ甂
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔū 㝂ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŬʲಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŭἌἌಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŰ搔ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔűˬಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŲ榺
ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŴ 儮ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŵ䙲ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŶ緢 ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŸ᭾ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔŹ♼ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔź搜ಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔಔ
regu larly and disc usst he follo win g que stio ns.
Trang 10I I
\r
Trang 11o What are the main functionsof the products?(What dothey do?) o
What are their different applications? (What are they used for?)
What do you know about Global Positioning System (GPS) devices? ln pairs,
describe their main function, and give some examples of different applications
of GPS devices.
2 a )1.1 Paula, a design engineer for a CPS manufacturer, is discussing product
development with José, a senior manager new to the company Listen to the
conversation and complete the following notes.
Complete the following extracts from the discussion with words that come from use.
1 Then Aou've got associated applications, - thot are reloted to
navigating
3 from the end point of view, accuracg is no longer the main selling point Most devices are accurate enough The keg is to make them more
Trang 12Unit 1 Technotogyin use
Trang 133 a Match the GPS applications (1 - 6) to the descriptions (a - fl
1 topographicalsurveying a naügation and safet1rat sea
-settingout positionsand levetsof newstructures
2 geotogicalexploration \ b
3 ciüt engineering \ c mappingsurhce features
4 avionicsequipment d appticationsin miningand the oil industry
5 maritimeapplications e highwaynavigationand vehictetracking
6 GPs in cars and trucks f air traffic control,naügation and autopilotsystems
ln pairs, practise explaining the applications of GPS in Exercise 3a to a
colleague who has limited knowledge of the devices using the following phrases.
usedfor -ing
usedto usefulfor another / a similaruse
4 a Complete the following extracts from the conversation by underlining the correct
1 and enables/ensures that gou don't lose track of where gou were, which
then enables/ensures uou to turn round and come back to the same
point
Match the words in Exercise 4a to the synonyms.
Complete the following extract from the user's manual of a GPS device
usingthe verbs in Exercise 4a Sometimes, more than one answer is
possible.
The core function of your GPS receiver is to (1) you to locate your precise geographicalposition To (2) - the device to function, it receives at least three
positioning and (5) errors from occurring due to external factors, this device is designed to receive four separate signals (see enhanced system accuracy on page 18).
In pairs, explain the main functions and applications of a product made by
your company or a product you know about Student A, youare
an engineering manager; Student B, you are a new employee Use the
language from this section and the phrases inthe box Swap roles and
practise again.
I see 5o 0K In otherwords So vou mean
Trang 14Unit 1 Technologyin use
Trang 15What technicalchallengeswould it face?
0 How seriouslydo you think the conceptof space elevatorsis being taken at present?
b Read the following article and compare it to your answers in Exercise 6a.
Trang 16lNhis 1979novel,Ihe Fountainsof Paradise,ArthurC Clarke
wroteabout an elevatorconnecting the earth's surfaceto
space Threedecades later,this science-fictionconcept is
preparingto take otf in the realworld NASA has
launchedthe Space ElevatorChallenge,a competitionwitha
generousprizefund,and severalteams andcompaniesare
workingon seriousresearchprojects aimedat winningit
As its name suggests,a space elevatoris designedto
Íaisethingsintospace' Sate||ites,componentsÍorspace
ships,supp|ies Íorastronautstn space stations,and
evenastronautsthemselvesare examplesof payloads
thatcou|dbe tÍansported jnto
orbitwithoutthe need
ÍorexpIosiveand environmentaIlyunÍriend|yrockets
a colossal35,790 km
is a measureof the challengefacing engineers.How could such a heightbe reached?
The answeris by using an incrediblystrongand lightweightcable,strongenoughto support its own weightand a heavy|oad'The design oÍsuch a cab|eis stilllargelytheoretical.Thiswould be attached to a base stationon earthat one end and a satellitein geostationary orbit(lixedabove a pointon the equator)at the other Lift vehicleswouldthenascend and descend thecable, powered
by e|ectromagneticÍorceand control|ed remotelv.
Trang 17C Match the verbs (l -9)
from the text in Exercise 6b to the definitions (a-i).
Trang 18his notes using the
correct form of the
verbs
(l-7) in Exercise 6c.
0 carried (objects, over a distance)
To (2)
- its own weighf, ond be securely qble is signiícont. (3)
_ o.!
each end, cable
would need phenomenal strenqth_to_weight ratio
Self-containe4
sltergv source problemotic, due to weight (heavy fuel ol
_ batferies requiredctou(5) vehicVnlle )
\ ) / _
^ ) L ^ l \ I
rr\
c
Two possible ways round problem:
_*:yt.l"r:,r,ry -,r"l ut fechnique only ot research stage.
p o w e r B u tw o u l d " " t y N o t y:tt::!!:fblem, as cor could bu ,ortrollJ ,u,rotnly-tb-kq ,t: ftf"
t- 1\ !_- Yllg!
payloads unmonned.
( // _
Trang 19Unit 1 Technologyin use
Trang 20b )t.Z tisten to part of James'talk and check your answers in Exercise 7a.
c What kinds of word are missing from the notes? ln pairs, compare the
audioscripton page 86 with the notes in Exercise 7a.
8 a Some space elevator designs propose an offshore base station In pairs,
discusshow such a system might work using words in Exercise 6c What
advantages might an offshore base have compared with a land base?
)t.3 James goes on to discuss offshore base stations Listen to the talk and answer the following questions.
] How wou|dan oÍfshorebase stationbe suooorted?
5888 What would the functionof its anchorsbe?
5889 How would payloadsreachthe base station?
5890 What problemwoulda mobilebase stationhelpto prevent? 5
What would the procedure beif there was an alert?
9 a You are members of a space elevator research team designing a concept for
offshore base stations ln pairs, analyse the notes below,which were made
during a briefing given by your manager lmagine you are giving a presentation Begin by reading out the abbreviated notes in full.
9a* in shallowwatgrnearcoasi,or deepwalerfurtheroffshorg?óhoicewill haveimpacton dosignoÍanchors1stem.
?ropulsionststem
ProPollors?
powerful5 í5t9mfor propulaionandcontro|noc.?o g.ertern'powersource?
!n pairs, discuss the questions raised in the notes and think of some suitable solutions for the anchoring system and the propulsion system At this stage, these should be overall concepts, not detailed designs Remember to make notes.
ln small groups, take turns to give a short talk using your notes to explain how the systems work, in general terms lmagine you are speaking to a small group of colleagues,includingyour manager.
write two or three paragraphs to summarise your talk These will be included in your manager's longer report on offshore base stations.
Trang 21Unit 1 Technologyin use
Trang 22I Emphasisingtechnicaladvantages
advantage'
1 0ln pairs, discuss the term technical you are OTISf,,ioJl Give some examples of technology
familiar with.
Trang 237 7 a Read the first ParagraPh of some
promotional
literature from Otis, a leading
text in Exercise ll a tothe
Complete the followingtext usingthe correct form
of the words (1-6) in Exercise I I b' You
will need to use some wordsmore than once'
At theheartof theGen2ruelevator system
is a
Í|atbe|t(deveIopedbyanduniqueto Otis)lt is
lust 3mmthickYet.it is stronger
thanconventionalsteelcableslt lastsup tothreetimeslongerAnd.it hasenabled Otistocompletelyre -inventtheelevator' The
flat,coated-steelbelttotallyeliminates themetal{o-metaleffectof conventional
systems Coupled witha smooth-surface crownedmachinesheave,theresult is exceptionally quietoperationandsuperior ridecomfortFurthermore, Í|exib|eÍlat
beltenables
morecompact,energy-eÍficient machine,whichcanbecontained inthehoistwaYThis enhancedtechnologY reducesbuildingand
systemoperatingcosts, andfreesupvaluable
space.
Trang 24maintenance and cost.
Trang 257 2 a Complete the following tips on emphasising technical advantages using the words
in the box.
conventionatetiminated enhanced reduced superior
When describingtechnicaladvantages,it's usefulto emphasise
Complete the following sentences from the briefing by underllning the correct emphasising word.
1 We've come up with a completelg/significantlg unique profile.
2 lt completelg/dramaticallg reduces vibration.
5888 Machines lilse these can never be entirelg/highlg free from vibration.
5890 Another advantage of the new profile is thot it's consideroblg/entirelg lighter.
5891 So compared with our previous range, it's highlg/totallg efficient.
5892 Trials so far suggest the design is completelg/exceptionallg durable.
5893 We expect it to be entirelg/significantlg more reliable than rival units Match the words in Exercise 12c to the synonyms.
considenbly dnmatically entirely exceptionattyhighty totatty
Trang 271 3 You are Otis engineers back in the l85Os, when elevators were new ln pairs,
prepare a short talk to brief your sales colleagues on the advantages of elevators for lifting people and goods Emphasise the points below using the phrases and techniques from this section Remember that people at this time are sceptical about the technology.
Trang 28Unit 1 Technologyin use 1 1
Trang 295888 Simplifyíngandil[ustratingtechnical
explanations
t4 a )r.l Richard,a structuralengineer,often takes clients on guided tours of their
new buildingsduring construction.He is talking aboutexplaining
technicalconceptsto non-specialistsListen and answerthe following questions.
I WhatdoesRichardsayaboutexplainingtechnicalconcepts?
23 Whatdoeshe meanby dul/explanations?
24 What is beingpatronising?
b ln pairs, think of some tipson how to solve thefollowingprobtems.
I not being understood 2 beingpatronising 3
explainingdifficultconcepts 4 soundingdull
5888 )r.o Richard is givingsome advice about the problemsin Exercisel4b Listenand summarisehis ideas Comparehis tips with your suggestions.
guided tour of a site Theproject
is a skyscraperin the early
stagesof construction.During the
tour he explainsthe technical
terms to the non-specialistgroup
ln pairs, discussthe following
terms andtry to interpret them
using everydaylanguageto
rephrasethem.
SUBSTRUCTURE
Pi/e foundations (in generaD
Pi/e driver 7/e auger Bentonite
)t.l Rictrara isgivinga tour of a constructionsite Listen and make notes of his explanationsof the followingtechnicalterms Compareyour ideas
with his.
the substructure the.e*rt.-of.th.e.5tvract$re.
to drivein (apile) 6
be!p w 9!, q!^14
Trang 30t 2 Unit 1 Technologyin use
Trang 31t 6
Listen again and compare Richard's explanations with the tips in Exercise l4c Which techniques did he use? Were they successful?
Complete the following table using the words in the box.
basicatty(x2) ca[[ effectivety essentially imagine other
picture refer sinrpk simply
ln pairs, practise explaining the technical terms in Exercise l5a using the
simplified words and phrases in Exercise l5d.
Read the textbook description of two types of pile foundation Use the words and phrases in Exercise l5d and the following notes to rephrase it.
Trang 32lmargirnewartev at\á the sea|beL
Trang 33base is widened by compaction, allowing the increased area to give the friction pile a certain degree of end-bearing resistance.
Like ar h4il i\ woo)t
Trang 341 7 You are showing a non-specialist visitor around your company and explaining technical
concepts using simplified language In pairs, practise explaining a product or type of technology that you are familiar with.
Trang 35Unit 1 Technologyin use 1 3
Trang 36ln pairs, discuss the benefits and problems of
recycling.Use the following examples and your own ideas.
breakingup ships demol.ishingbuitdings recyclingelectronicsscrappingcars
2 a Read the following web page and complete the missing headings using the words
in the box.
1ííE
c Yc LABLE Li!ÁᖴÍERl ALs
t Sfeel Scrap can be sortedeasilyusingmagnetism.lf the metalis galvanised(coated withzinc)the zinc is Íu||yrecyc|ab|e'|Íit is stain|essstee|,othermeta|smixedwiththe iron, such as chromiumand nickel,can also be recoveredand recycled rE
2 - Soding is critical,as thereare key differencesbetweenthe clearand coloured materialused in bottlesand Jars,and the high-gradematerialused in engineering
3 - Scarcitymakes recyc|ingespecia|lydesirab|e,and justiÍies
Trang 37t-4 - The cost of meltingdown existingmetalis significantlycheaperthanthe
energy-intensiveprocessof electrolysis,which is requiredto extractnew metalfromore.
5 - Hardwoodand softwoodcan be reused,However,the frequentneed to
removeironmongeryandsaw or planeoff damagededges,can makethe processcostly.
rE y
Trang 386 - Tyres arethe primary sourceoÍrecyc|ab|emateria|These can be reusedwho|e
in certainapplications.Theycan also be groundintocrumbswhich havevarieduses y
7 - An obstacleto recyclingis the need to son wastecarefullyWhile sometypes
can be melteddown for reuse,manycannot,or resultin low-gradematerial y
a )
Trang 397 4 Unit 2 Materiatstechnology
Trang 40Match the materials from the web page (l-8) in Exercise 2 to the
definitions (a-h).
1 stainlesssteet.,''a a metalusedto makebrass,andin galvanisedcoatingson steel
3 iron \c a \rpe of steelnot needinga protectivecoating,as it doesn'trust
2 Calvanisedsteel is steel coated-zinc.
ln pairs, ask and answer questions about different materials using the
following phrases.
3 a lrina, an ecological adviser, is talking
to a group of engineers on a
training course about
environmentally friendly design ln
pairs, discuss the ideas
from her slide and give some
examples.
)z.t Listen to an extract from the talk and compare your ideas
with what lrina says What example does she use to illustrate
her main point?
)z.z lrina asks the engineers to do a simplified environmental
audit Their task is to compare steel and aluminium car
bodywork from an ecological perspective Listen to Sophia and
Pete, two of the engineers, discussing the topic and make notes
of their ideas.
ln pairs, do an environmental audit for the following
applications and materials Use the words and phrases in the
box.