Report Plan: Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; male and female>by gender; choosing>who chose Overview/summary paragraph: 1 a higher % of male students chose science subject
Trang 1BÀI MẪU CHO ĐỀ THI 07/09/2019 VÀ TỪ VỰNG CHẤT
The charts show the percentage of male and female students choosing science subjects in one university in 1992 and 2012 and the three most popular science subjects which they studied
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males females
Trang 2Report Plan:
Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; male and female>by gender;
choosing>who chose
Overview/summary paragraph: (1) a higher % of male students chose
science subjects (2) biology was the most popular science subject
Paragraph 3: the first bar chart – report figures and contrast trends for
male and female students
Paragraph 4: the second bar chart – contrast the 3 trends for biology,
physics and computer science and report figures
Report:
The first bar chart illustrates the proportion of students by gender in one university who chose to study science subjects in 1992 and 2012 The second chart provides information on the most popular science subjects chosen by these students
Overall, it is clear that a higher percentage of male students chose science subjects compared with female students In both years, biology was the most popular
science subject among students
In 1992, 46% of male students studied science subjects, but this proportion fell to
34% in 2012 In contrast, whereas only one-quarter of females chose science
subjects in 1992, this increased to 32% in 2012
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Biology Physics Computer Science
Trang 3Despite a decline from 40% in 1992 to just over 30% in 2012, a higher proportion of
students preferred to study biology than other science disciplines However, there
was a significant increase in the popularity of computer science among students, with this figure rising from just 10% in 1992 to 18% in 2012 The figure for those studying physics remained the same at 25% in both years
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Task 2: Increases in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment Why is this the case? What can be done to solve this problem?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: refer to the task question Write that there are reasons
for this situation, and there are also solutions
Paragraph 2: causes: (1) companies deplete natural resources for profit
e.g the search for new energy sources (2) pollution caused by waste from manufacturing consumer goods (3) packaging of consumer goods results
in dumping of plastic waste
Paragraph 3: solutions: (1) energy – expand renewable energy – e.g
wind farms in Europe (2) pollution and waste – research into
bio-degradable materials and government action against companies which pollute
Conclusion: some causes can be identified and some effective measures
must be taken to deal with them
Essay:
It is true that the environment is being damaged and that one of the causes of this is
the growing output of consumer goods While some reasons can be identified to
explain why this is happening, there are measures which should be taken to deal with this issue
There are important ways in which the production of more and more consumer
goods is resulting in an ecological crisis Firstly, in order to maximize profits, corporations are depleting natural resources For example, energy is required for all
production processes, and so the search for oil and gas reserves has led to habitat
Trang 4destruction as well as repeated oil spills threatening marine life in the oceans
Secondly, toxic waste is released into our environment in the process of producing
consumer goods, such as dyed fabrics or detergents Finally, the packaging of
consumer goods to make them look attractive has resulted in a huge volume of plastic waste which is simply dumped
Ways must be found to alleviate such environmental problems In terms of energy management, public subsidies must be provided for the expansion of renewable energy In many parts of Europe, for instance, offshore wind farms now make a significant contribution to the energy needs of industry From the perspective of
reducing waste and limiting pollution, there should be research into producing
packaging for consumer goods that is bio-degradable Governments must also exert pressure on producers to cut down on emissions from factories and to fine
companies which pollute the land, water or the atmosphere
In conclusion, while some reasons can be identified to explain this problem,
effective measures are available and must be imposed to make the production of consumer goods more environmentally-friendly
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Vocabulary from the environment:
an ecological crisis
Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or a population changes in a way that destabilizes its continued survival
Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking an ecological crisis which threatens our existence
to deplete natural resources
Meaning: to reduce the amount of natural resources
Example: Timber companies must not be allowed to deplete natural resources by
cutting down trees without planting new trees to replace them
habitat destruction
Trang 5Meaning: the process that occurs when a natural habitat, like a forest or wetland, is changed so dramatically by humans that plants and animals which live there
Example: The elephant population in the world is declining because of habitat destruction caused by human exploitation of the environment
toxic waste
Meaning: poisonous, unwanted waste produced by factories
Example: Many species of fish are endangered as a result of the toxic waste
dumped by industries into the rivers and the sea
to alleviate environmental problems
Meaning: to make bad environmental problems less severe
Example: Everyone can assist in the effort to alleviate environmental problems in
the local community through simple actions such as recycling waste or planting a tree in their garden
renewable energy
Meaning: energy is renewable when it source, like the sun or wind, cannot be exhausted or can easily be replaced (like wood, as we can plant trees for energy) Example: More funding is required from government funds to help companies to
develop renewable energy, such as companies which produce solar panels for
buildings
wind farms
Meaning: an area of land on which there are a lot of windmills or wind turbines for producing electricity
Example: Wind farms should be constructed in mountainous areas or in the sea,
close to land
to be bio-degradable
Meaning: a substance or chemical that can be changed to a natural harmless state by the action of bacteria
Example: Most plastics are not biodegradable, and remain as waste products in the
environment for thousands of years
Trang 6 to cut down on emissions
Meaning: to reduce the amount of gases sent out into the air
Example: People must be made aware of the need to cut down on emissions from
their cars if we are to reduce air pollution
environmentally friendly
Meaning: behavior or products that do not harm the environment
Example: We can help to protect the environment by using detergents and cosmetics
that are environmentally friendly
Vocabulary from business and money:
to maximize profits
Meaning: to increase profits to the highest possible level
Example: The company has hired a marketing consultant to recommend how to
maximize profits next year
Vocabulary from government:
to provide public subsidies for
Meaning: to give government money to reduce the costs of services or to produce goods in order to keep the price low
Example: In order to promote agriculture that is environmentally-friendly, the
government should provide public subsidies for organic farmers
to exert pressure on
Meaning: to use power to influence somebody or something
Example: Environmental organisations should exert pressure on governments to
invest in renewable energy projects
Other vocabulary:
Trang 7Meaning: the amount of something that a person, a machine or an organisation produces
Example: The output of the factory has increased by 10% since the new machinery
was installed
spill [noun]:
Meaning: an act of letting a liquid come, or fall, out of a container
Example: Many seabirds died as a result of the oil spill when the ship carrying the
oil hit the rocks
to dye [verb]:
Meaning: to change the colour of something, especially by using a special liquid or substance
Example: He dyed his hair, to make it the same colour as the hair of his favourite
footballer
detergent [noun]:
Meaning: a liquid or powder that removes dirt, for example from clothes or dishes
Example: There are now environmentally-friendly detergents that do not pollute
rivers or the oceans
to dump [verb]:
Meaning: to get rid of something that you do not want, especially in a place which
is not suitable
Example: She found the rubbish dumped outside her door
offshore [adjective]:
Meaning: happening or existing in the sea, not far from the land
Example: From the window of her house near the sea, she could see the offshore
drilling which the oil company was doing