Lý luận phê bình văn học của nhóm hàn thuyên tt tiếng anh

Subject and scope of the research In addition to general status of Han Thuyen group, in the field of literary criticism in the Han Thuyen group, there are only two characters who are

HA NOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

NGO THI THU HUONG

LITERATURE CRITICISM

OF HAN THUYEN GROUP

Speciality: Literarature theory

Code: 9220120

THE SUMMARY OF PH.D THESIS INPHILOSOGY

Ha Noi – 2019

The thesis was completed at

Ha Noi National University Education

Supervisor:

1 Assoc Prof Dr BUI VAN BA

2 Assoc Prof Dr HOANG MINH LUONG

Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3:

The thesis will be presented at the University Council of

Ha Noi National University Education

at …….………, 2019

The thesis can be referred at:

- National Library, Hanoi

- Libraty of Hanoi National University Education

INTRODUCTION

1 Necessity of the thesis

In the early 40s of the twentieth century, there were three outstanding

groups of literary culture in Vietnam's literature Two groups of Tri Tan and Thanh Nghi were assessed relatively and unanimously since the beginning; particularly the Han Thuyen group was critically criticized

almost throughout the century However, until the period after

renovation Han Thuyen was restored, but gradually till now, there are

still many issues to continue to study and solve This is the basic reason

for us to choose the topic: Literary criticism of Han Thuyen group

2 Purposes of the research

2.1 In striving for modernization of the literary theory of the country, achievements and shortcomings, successes and failures must

be summarized in the theoretical heritage of the nation since the middle ages, especially in twentieth century Particularly about the

Han Thuyen group, it is about the problem of acquiring foreign

theories including which theory, how their relationship is, especially how to apply those theories to the practice of domestic literature, right or wrong, unanimous opinions must continue to be clarified with an objective assessment, following the Party's reforming ways 2.2 Closely attaching to the purpose of the above-mentioned literary theory is the meaning of historical literature When an assessment is undertaken accurately and objectively, it is necessary

to determine the more or less positive role and negative effects of the

Han Thuyen group in the process of country's literary consciousness

in the stage of 1930-1945

2.3 Finally, the research results of the thesis will be able to apply to the school in teaching the modern literary theory as well as the Vietnamese Literature section at the period of 1941-1945

3 Subject and scope of the research

In addition to general status of Han Thuyen group, in the field

of literary criticism in the Han Thuyen group, there are only two

characters who are Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep Luong Duc Thiep was lost in 1945

His works are mainly based on the original: Vietnam poetry (1942); Literature and society (1944), Art of poetry (1945); recently,

most of them have been re-published by Tri Thuc Publishing House and Publishing House of writers Truong Tuu wrote books since 1931 (The philosophy of Kieu Story) and the works which were written in the new regime such as Kieu story and Nguyen Du era (1956), etc

However, we only focused on researching works which are

published by the Han Thuyen Publishing House, such as: Vietnam poetry (1940); Nguyen Du and Kieu story (1942); psychology and ideology of Nguyen Cong Tru (1943); Literature of Kieu story (1945); Vietnam's cultural future (1945) These works were reprinted

immediately in this new century through the collection and edition of

Trinh Ba Dinh and Nguyen Huu Son: Truong Tuu - Collection of research and criticism (2007) which facilitates us to compare

4 Method of the research

Based on the object and scope as identified and to complete tasks of the research, the thesis grasped thoroughly common methods

in scientific research in general such as: Methods of analysis, synthesis, interpretation, induction, comparison, historical methods,

systematic methods, etc to methods at the philosophical level such as dialectical materialism and historical materialism

Regarding common methods such as comparison method, it will be applied very much in this thesis as comparison among three

groups of Tri Tan, Thanh Nghi and Han Thuyen; comparison among small groups in Han Thuyen such as Trotsky group, Marxist group

(but not following Leninism), patriotic group but easy to waver; comparison between two people in a small group likely between Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep, etc Comparison must be stated the same and different points, of course, the ratio between these two sides depending on the specific case will be very different

Applying the method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism on this topic is corresponding to the object while the main researching object here is Luong Duc Thiep, especially Truong Tuu, who declared on following Marxism Thus, it is possible to immediately take the dialectical materialism and historical materialism

to examine their statements and application that will see that they sincerely learned and gained a relatively deep understanding or not; at the same time, there are manifestation of childish and machinery of Marxism This scientific operation is very objective and impartial and

it resists to unreasonable capture and deduction

5 New contributions of the thesis

The literary criticism of Han Thuyen group is a very difficult

and complicated topic Through the process of trying to study, we found that the thesis has new contributions as follows:

5.1 Clarifying more complicated richness including both

positive sides of Han Thuyen group such as: family origin, principles,

goals, attitudes to new regime, contribution in the war against France, collaborators and published publications Especially, the professional status in the same field of research, especially about the very different tendencies of key members - main reasons for the

complexity towards the negative aspects of Han Thuyen group

5.2 Truong Tuu's literary ideology before the Revolutionary period basically did not follow Trotsky, evenly not follow Leninism Despite sincerely following Marxism but it has a simple, unrelenting tendency, especially in combination with S.Freudism, this combination governed and adjusted the application of H.’s artistic philosophy which

he came into contact early at the beginning He did not counter Marxist

or fake Marxist while was very close to Western Marxism, specifically Marxism-centralism with characteristics of not following Leninism but tended to be attached to modern ideology of the West

5.3 Nor following Leninism and Trotskyism, Luong Duc Thiep gradually tried to study and apply Marxism, although there were still childish and machinery, there were relatively correct perceptions about the relationship between literature and society, characteristics of the genre and history of Vietnamese poetry

6 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, recommendation, list of articles of the author, list of references, appendix of Korean

Publications List from Han Thuyen publishing house, the thesis

consists of 4 chapters:

- Chapter 1: Overview of research status

- Chapter 2: General information of Han Thuyen group

- Chapter 3: Main literary ideology of Truong Tuu

- Chapter 4: Literary criticism process of LuongDucThiep

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH STATUS

1.1 The period before renovation in 1986

1.1.1 Completely negative opinions

In the article: "The Big Principles of the New Cultural Campaign

of Vietnam" at that time, Mr Truong Chinh affirmed that the Han Thuyen group misrepresented Marxism and made mistakes of Trotskyism Vu Duc Phuc in the discussion on ideological fighting in modern Vietnamese literature history of 1930-1945, denied completely

the value of Luong Duc Thiep's Poetry Art Phan Cu De said that the

Han Thuyen group posed as Marxist Nguyen Van To criticized the

authors for misrepresenting history, lowering the national tradition This is the official evaluation of Vietnam's Communist Party at that time Immediately in the Literature Dictionary (the old one in 1983),

Han Thuyen section written by Nguyen Hoanh Khung also followed

that stance

1.1.2 Opinions has both criticism and confirmation

Chu Thien, criticizing the Vietnam's poetry said that Luong Duc Thiep was righteous and fair when he praised and criticized the contemporary poets Kieu Thanh Que and Vu Ngoc Phan said that Truong Tuu was one social novelist The Southern writers such as Nguyen Vy and Nguyen Van Trung all praised Truong Tuu's talent and bravery, but not definitely about Marxist; he brought new things to literature research Despite of talking about defects and weaknesses, it was not too heavy on a standpoint

1.2 The period after renovation in 1986

1.2.1 Evaluations by the main positive tendency

Thoroughly grasping the Party's renovation way, literary dictionary (new publication, 2004) has three items of words written

by Nguyen Vinh Phuc about Han Thuyen and Van Tam about

Truong Tuu and Nguyen Quyet Thang about Luong Duc Thiep No longer reactionary and fake Marxism, despite of talking about mistakes and defects, they always acknowledged the contribution and achievements Since here, many events appeared, especially about Truong Tuu Older researchers such as Nguyen Huu Son and Trinh Ba Dinh continued to publish selection of Truong Tuu accompanying by an opening research on culture, prose and criticism Young doctors such

as Nguyen Manh Tien, Doan Anh Duong republished almost works

of Luong Duc Thiep This work laid a good foundation for deep

research into Han Thuyen, especially on Truong Tuu Then, the

writers' conference, Professor Truong Tuu - People and the celebration

of 95th birth year (November 18, 1913), towards the 10th anniversary of the death (December 16, 1999) of Truong Tuu by the Department of Literature, Hanoi University of Education in November 2018, there is a large number of attending literary researchers in the North: Phan Ngoc,

Ha Minh Duc, Nguyen Dinh Chu, Phuong Luu, Phan Trong Luan, Nguyen Van Hoan, La Nham Thin, Lai Nguyen An, Nguyen Van Long, Tran Dang Suyen, Tran Dinh Su, La Khac Hoa, Nguyen Thi Binh The conference yearbook focused on 4 directions: critical theory, novel writing, memories, posthumous manuscript of Truong Tuu, etc After that, the association of writers restored the association and organized the Celebration of Truong Tuu's 100-year birth anniversary in

November 2013 In addition, the conference named "The experiments of

my pen", the name of Truong Tuu's work was organized by the Hanoi

Writers' Association

1.2.2 Tasks of continuous research

We inherited the tendency to re-evaluate Han Thuyen under

the spirit of Doi moi during the past few decades However, science

is extremely, with our limited ability, we found out that there are some matters that need to be further studied deeply as follows:

General about Han Thuyen, in order to see the relationship

between the whole and the apart is unified but not uniform, first of

all, it is necessary to learn more about Han Thuyen group to see the

positive and negative factors that can affect these two people; on the

other hand, it should not bring any element of Han Thuyen to assign

these two people This issue as mentioned before is necessary, is meaningful as a premise and condition for the private assessment of the field of literary criticism as the title of the thesis as implied

- Truong Tuu was passionate in applying the new theory at the end of the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century: Marx, Engels, Lenin, S.Freud, H.Taine, etc Thus, people often evaluated him about his ideology and overview So whether Truong Tuu is influenced or not, how much it is affected, then how to apply, especially how to apply the connection of ideology sources together?

- Luong Duc Thiep did not go through an up and down life in the new regime, it was considered as a phenomenon that was soon completed However, there is still an evaluation on him in the pre-revolutionary period, although he was also merited, he was mainly

towards the criticism under the general spirit of the Han Thuyen

group at that time Thus, our thesis will try to contribute re-evaluation

on Luong Duc Thiep under the spirit of innovation, especially on his academic path ideology, about how reaching to the Marxist points with the pros and cons?

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL INFORMATION OF HAN THUYEN ROUP 2.1 Background of establishment

2.1.1 Socio-cultural and political background

The Han Thuyen group was born under the background of

socio-politics: when French colonialists and Japanese fascists invaded, suppressed and exploited Vietnamese people; revolts continued to be broken out The birth of the Communist Party and socio-political cultural activities under the leadership of the Party greatly influenced much on writing at this period

2.1.2 Background of literature

That is the appearance of Marxism in general and Marxist cultural ideology in particular And this literary ideology entered into a vibrant academic atmosphere in the year 30s at the beginning

of century with a deep voice and influence Since then, literary organizations appeared

2.2 Positive expression of Han Thuyen group

2.2.1 Consideration from family origin

Han Thuyen publishing house was formed from the patriotic

bourgeois family, Nguyen Xuan Tai as Director, the second male - Nguyen Xuan Luong in charge of the accountant, the bridegroom -

Truong Tuu as the editor-in-chief During the operation time, they were always suppressed and harassed by the French colonialists, Japanese fascists and the Bao Dai government The resistance was broke out, and Nguyen Xuan Gioi offered publishing house for the revolution and almost all of them followed the resistance He had 5 children who entered in the army and were awarded the first-class resistance medal by Ho Chi Minh

2.2.2 Consideration from purpose guideline

Han Thuyen publishing house has the following guideline on

writing: The published work must be qualified; the author must be a prestigious person in the society and colleagues, honor the culture, national history, against colonial feudalism; have Marxist ideology towards socialism; this is a forum of many different ideological trends as long as anti-colonial feudalism and enslavement culture, the author is fully responsible for his work

2.2.3 Consideration from publication

Han Thuyen publishing house published many works that

contribute to the national culture: general Literature, origin of Vietnamese Ethnics, Vietnam's Ancient Historical Literature, Le Thanh Tong, etc After General Revolt, it printed Golden Star books and newspapers of Viet Minh In 1946, it translated and printed the Communist Declaration and many books on Marxism

2.2.4 For partners

Not only Dang Thai Mai, Dao Duy Anh, Nguyen Dong Chi, but also Nguyen Tuan, Chu Thien, Bui Huy Phon, Nguyen Do Cung, Nguyen Huy Tuong, Nguyen Dinh Lap, Do Phon, Pham Ngoc Khue, etc, in general these characters all followed the revolution Contrary

to partners, the core members were not so simple like that; they had

so different ideas, actions and paths

2.3 Complication of important members

2.3.1 The intellectuals have patriotism but are easy to waver

- Nguyen Duc Quynh, the novelist and historian was born in Hung Yen He was not related to the socialism and communist

internationalism At the period of Han Thuyen, he wrote many works

which were not literary criticism In 1946, he went to the war zone to join into the resistance but was captured by the French and then returned to the South

- Le Van Sieu was born in Hanoi, during the period of Han Thuyen, he wrote a lot about economics and technology After the

whole national resistance, he evacuated to the free zone to join the Council of industrial and technological production at Inter-region III, but he was captured by the French and then entered the South In Saigon, he wrote a lot about Vietnamese historic literature but not in Han Thuyen period

2.3.2 People had ever been following Trotsky

- Ho Huu Tuong was born in Can Tho, truly the king of Trotsky in Vietnam, but till 1939, he gave up the International Trotskyist, but he was still exiled by French to Con Dao before

establishing Han Thuyen Until he was released from prison and

returning to Hanoi in July, 1945 and he contacted to Truong Tuu and

published the book of "The Future of Vietnam's Economy" In 1947,

he evacuated to Ke Sat and was captured by the French and then he gave up the resistance As one politician and scientist, he was also famous for satirical novels

- Nguyen Te My, currently was unknown in history He professionally wrote about history such as Hai Ba Trung's rise up but

he was criticized by Truong Chinh comrade for taking the dialectical materialism, the historical materialism to justify the invasion policy

of the Dong Han feudalism", the Trotskyist was against Marxist like that This affected for the whole group, but this is a historical specialty, absolutely impossible to assign this mistake to people at other professionals

2.3.3 Marxist literary critics, but not following Leninists were more or less suspected as Trotskyists

Despite that main quantity could be reduced; these are two people, Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep Actually, among above four people, there were also people who studied literature but not in

Han Thuyen's period, Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep also not

only wrote criticism but also about history and society, evenly composed, especially Truong Tuu However, these two people also have different positions, particularly about destiny, then the approach

to the matters in next key chapters is impossible different

CHAPTER 3 MAIN LITERARY IDEOLOGY OF TRUONG TUU

Considering Vietnam poem and literature (1940) to Vietnam’s literature furniture (1945) of Truong Tuu to draw out the following matters:

3.1 Truong Tuu's literary ideology did not have Trotsky characters, but not also following Leninism

3.1.1 Truong Tuu's literary ideology did not have Trotsky characters

In the literature and revolution (1923), Trotsky argued that the