P a g e 1 | 10 UNIT 1 THE GENERATION GAP 1 Independent adj /ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt/ not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things to feel or show admiration for s
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UNIT 1 THE GENERATION GAP
1 Independent adj /ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt/
not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things
to feel or show admiration for someone or something that you believe has good ideas or qualities
3 Corporal adj /ˈkɔː.pər.əl/ of or relating to the body
4 Punishment n /ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/ the act of punishing someone
5 Impact n /ˈɪm.pækt/ the force or action of one object hitting another
to legally take another person's child into your own family and take care
of him or her as your own child
7 Divorce n /dɪˈvɔːs/ an official or legal process to end a marriage
9 Responsibility n /rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ə.ti/ something that it is your job or duty to deal with
10 Alternative n /ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/
something that is different from something else, especially from what is usual, and offering the possibility of choice
11 Visitation n /ˌvɪz.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ an official visit from someone important
12 Temporary adj /ˈtem.pər.ər.i/ not lasting or needed for very long
13 Widow n /ˈwɪd.əʊ/ a woman whose husband or wife has died and who
has not married again
the legal right or duty to care for someone or something, especially a child after its parents have separated or died
to take care of a child, usually for a limited time, without being the child's legal parent
16 Blend n /blend/ a mixture of different things or styles
17 Precious adj /ˈpreʃ.əs/ of great value because of being rare, expensive, or
important
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18 Consistent adj /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ always behaving or happening in a similar,
especially positive, way
a rule that everyone must stay at home between particular times, usually at night, especially during a war or a period of political trouble
20 Burden n /ˈbɜː.dən/ a heavy load that you carry
22 Impose v /ɪmˈpəʊz/ to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc to
be obeyed or received
Mature people behave like adults in a way that
shows they are well developed emotionally
a set of fixed actions and sometimes words
performed regularly, especially as part of a ceremony
25 Object v /əbˈdʒekt/ to feel or express opposition to or dislike of
something or someone
to make someone do or believe something by giving them a good reason to do it or by talking to that person and making them believe it
27 Retire v /rɪˈtaɪər/ to leave your job or stop working because of old
age or ill health
28 Expense n /ɪkˈspens/ the use of money, time, or effort
something dangerous or serious, such as an accident, that happens suddenly or unexpectedly and needs fast action in order to avoid harmful results
to decide that something
or someone is not important and not worth considering
31 Enforce v /ɪnˈfɔːs/ to make people obey a law, or to make a
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particular situation happen or be accepted
A stubborn person is determined to do what he
or she wants and refuses
to do anything else
33 Hardship n /ˈhɑrdˌʃɪp/ a condition of life that causes difficulty or
suffering
34 Approve v /əˈpruːv/ to have a positive opinion of someone or something
a person who is opposed
to the political system in their country and tries to change it using force
36 Counselor n /ˈkɑʊn·sə·lər/ a person whose job is to provide advice, help, or
encouragement
37 Harmonious adj /hɑːˈməʊ.ni.əs/ having a pleasant tune or harmony
a strong column made of stone, metal, or wood that supports part of a building
an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles
spoken or physical behaviour that is threatening or involves harm to someone or something
42 Quarrel n /ˈkwɒr.əl/ an angry disagreement between two or more
people or groups
to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted
or is not helpful
a thick, strong cotton cloth, often blue in colour, used especially for making jeans
45 Conservative adj /kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/ not usually liking or trusting change,
especially sudden change
46 Virtual adj /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl/ almost a particular thing or quality
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47 Portable adj /ˈpɔː.tə.bəl/ light and small enough to be easily carried or moved
48 Separate adj /ˈsep.ər.ət/ existing or happening independently or in a
different physical space
a stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect, or the structure in
a lake or pool from which this flows
51 Prohibit v /prəˈhɪb.ɪt/ to officially refuse to allow something
to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable
53 Balance n /ˈbæl.əns/ a state where things are of equal weight or force
54 Criticize v /ˈkrɪt.ɪ.saɪz/ to express disapproval of someone or something
55 Appropriate adj /əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/ suitable or right for a particular situation or
occasion
to act according to what you have been asked or ordered to do by someone
in authority, or to behave according to a rule, law,
or instruction
to refuse to allow something, especially officially, or to prevent a particular plan of action
by making it impossible
58 Pierce v /pɪəs/ to go into or through something, making a hole
in it using a sharp point
59 Elegant adj /ˈel.ɪ.ɡənt/ graceful and attractive in appearance or behaviour
a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck
of others and a wish to help them
an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with
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62 Accustom v /əˈkʌs·təm/ to make someone familiar with new conditions
63 Trivial adj /ˈtrɪv.i.əl/ having little value or importance
64 Interaction n /ˌɪn.təˈræk.ʃən/
an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other
the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health
66 Conscious adj /ˈkɒn.ʃəs/ to notice that a particular thing or person exists or
is present
to (cause someone to) become very weak or die because there is not enough food to eat
68 Mental adj /ˈmen.təl/ relating to the mind, or involving the process of
thinking
69 Specific adj /spəˈsɪf.ɪk/ relating to one thing and not others; particular
70 Authority n /ɔːˈθɒr.ə.ti/ the moral or legal right or ability to control
71 Desire v /dɪˈzaɪər/ to want something, especially strongly
72 Ambition n /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/ a strong wish to achieve something
73 Familiar adj /fəˈmɪl.i.ər/ easy to recognize because of being seen, met,
heard, etc before
74 Significant adj /sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/ important or noticeable
a social event for a group
of people who have not seen each other for a long time
something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting
77 Disturb v /dɪˈstɜːb/ to interrupt what someone is doing
78 Permanent adj /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/ lasting for a long time or for ever
a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem
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something that you have
to do because it is part of your job, or something that you feel is the right thing to do
81 Boundary n /ˈbaʊn.dər.i/ a real or imagined line that marks the edge or
limit of something
82 Supervision n /ˌsuː.pəˈvɪʒ.ən/
the act of watching a person or activity and making certain that everything is done correctly, safely
83 Consequence n /ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns/
a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient
84 Obligation n /ˌɒb.lɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ the fact that you are obliged to do something
85 Manner n /ˈmæn.ər/ the way in which something is done
to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is
87 Rude adj /ruːd/ not polite; offensive or embarrassing:
88 Convince v /kənˈvɪns/ to persuade someone or make someone certain
to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent
it from increasing
90 Distract v /dɪˈstrækt/ to make someone stop giving their attention to
something
91 Financial adj /faɪˈnæn.ʃəl/ relating to money or how money is managed
92 Regardless adv /rɪˈɡɑːd.ləs/ despite; not being affected by something
93 Extracurricular adj /ˌek.strə.kəˈrɪk.jə.lər/ (of activities or subjects) not part of the usual
school or college course
looking too bright, big, and expensive in a way that is intended to get attention and admiration
95 Neglect v /nɪˈɡlekt/ to not give enough care or attention to people or
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things that are your responsibility
96 Pressure n /ˈpreʃ.ər/ the force you produce when you press
something
to make someone feel annoyed or less confident because they cannot achieve what they want
to look at or consider again an idea, piece of writing, etc in order to correct or improve it
99 Unavoidable adj /ˌʌn.əˈvɔɪ.də.bəl/ impossible to avoid
1 They all made the same comment, quite _of each other
2 I deeply _David for what he has achieved
3 The _ of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original length
4 Many people think that the death penalty is too severe a for any crime
5 They have no children of their own, but they're hoping to _
1 What are the chances of a marriage ending in _
2 You have an/a obligation to ensure your child receives a proper education
3 She takes her _as a nurse very seriously
4 There must be an/a to people sleeping on the streets
5 We're awaiting an/a _ from the inspector
1 The ceasefire will only provide a solution to the crisis
2 He had some mercenary scheme to marry a wealthy
3 The court awarded/granted/gave _of the child to the father
4 Would you consider (a child)?
5 Their music is a _of jazz and African rhythms
1 Clean water is a _commodity in many parts of the world
2 There has been a _improvement in her attitude
3 He was shot for breaking (= not obeying) the _
4 The little donkey struggled under its heavy
5 I have four _: three brothers and a sister
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1 Very high taxes have recently been _on cigarettes
2 He's very _ for his age
3 Coffee and the newspaper are part of my morning
4 Would anyone _ if we started the meeting now?
5 If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will her
1 Since from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity
2 Buying a bigger car has proved to be well worth the _
3 How would disabled people escape in a/an ?
4 I think he'd me as an idiot within five minutes of meeting me
5 It isn't always easy for the police to _speed limits
1 They have huge arguments because they're both so
2 The 1930s were a time of high unemployment and economic
3 I thoroughly _of what the government is doing
4 The _took over the capital and set up a new government
5 A row of reinforced concrete _supports the bridge
1 A senior army officer has been for revealing secret government plans
to the media
2 There was a lot of between him and his father
3 Some types of dog are bred for _
4 They had a bitter about/over some money three years ago and they haven't spoken to each other since
5 in other people's relationships is always a mistake
1 Leather is very much in fashion this season, as is _
2 Older people tend to be more and a bit suspicious of anything new
3 Ten years of incompetent government had brought about the collapse
of the country's economy
4 Your phone number is if you decide to move to a different home or office
5 The art department and the music department are in two buildings
1 There was a picture of the Trevi _on the front of the book
2 Motor vehicles are from driving in the town centre
3 If the chair is too high you can it to suit you
4 The toddler wobbled and lost his _(= started to fall sideways)
5 The government is being widely in the media for failing to limit air pollution
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1 I didn't think his comments were very at the time
2 He hated being in the army because he had to _ commands
3 The law _the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16
4 I couldn't wear these earrings because my ears aren't
5 He assumed a/an pose beside the fireplace
1 I was hoping she might show a little
2 Europe's varied cultural, political and ethical
3 It takes awhile to _yourself to working at night
4 Sexual harassment in the workplace is not a/an _matter
5 There's not enough between the management and the workers
1 Good is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery
2 My tooth doesn't exactly hurt, but I'm of it (= I can feel it) all the time
3 Whole communities _to death during the long drought
4 A doctor was asked about the _state of the prisoner
5 The virus attacks cells in the brain
1 We need to get the support of someone in (= an important or high-ranking person)
2 The hotel had everything you could possibly _
3 His _is ultimately to run his own business
4 The house looked strangely , though she knew she'd never been
there before
5 There has been a/an _increase in the number of women students
in recent years
1 The college has an annual for former students
2 Do you believe in the paranormal and other psychic ?
3 Please don't _your sister - she's trying to do her homework
4 She is looking for a place to stay
5 We have to change the public's _that money is being wasted
1 The _of the agency is to act in the best interests of the child
2 The Ural mountains mark the _between Europe and Asia
3 Students are not allowed to handle these chemicals unless they are under
the of a teacher
4 If you have not signed a contract, you are under no _to (= it is not necessary to) pay them any money
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5 It was the _of her death that stuck in the public's mind
1 Even the smallest baby can _ its mother by her voice
2 It's _ not to say "Thank you" when you are given something
3 He managed to _ the jury of his innocence
4 The government has _freedom of movement into and out of the country
5 He tried to attention from his own illegal activities
1 She organizes her _affairs very efficiently
2 The plan for a new office building went ahead _of local opposition
3 Popular _activities include pottery, chess, choir, tennis, and swimming
4 He that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention
5 It _me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice
6 He put too much on the door handle and it snapped
7 His helpfulness today has made me _my original opinion/impression of him