Nghiên cứu sử dụng dầu diesel sinh học từ mỡ cá da trơn cho động cơ của phương tiện khai thác thủy sản tt tiếng anh

2 The thesis used KIVA-3V software to build and adjust the Cummins NTA 855 engine simulation model, which used to investigate the effect of fuel on some thermodynamic parameters in combu

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY

KHANH HOA - 2019

Research was accomplished at Nha Trang university

Supervisor:

Prof Phan Van Quan

Prof Tran Gia Thai

Reviewer 1: Prof Vu Ngoc Khiem

Reviewer 2: Prof Nguyen Hoang Vu

Reviewer 3: Prof Nguyen Le Duy Khai

Thesis title: “Research to Use Catfish Fat Biodiesel for

Diesel Engines of Fishing Ship”

9520116

Ho Trung Phuoc Prof Phan Van Quan Prof Tran Gia Thai Nha Trang University

(1) Defined some properties of B5, B10, B100 fuel (catfish fat biodiesel) used to research

(2) The thesis used KIVA-3V software to build and adjust the Cummins NTA 855 engine simulation model, which used to investigate the effect of fuel on some thermodynamic parameters in combustion chamber,

NOx, PM emissions and some cycle parameters of engine when using B10 fuel

(3) Estimate the influence of B10 fuel on some basic operating parameters of Cummins NTA 855

engine by experiment and promote a suitable fuel mixing technology for diesel engines of fishing ship

PhD Cadidate

Ho Trung Phuoc

INTRODUCTION

1 THE RATIONALE

Use biofuels as alternative fuel have been in the countries research, application Currently, in the United States, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands and some other European countries (EU) had to use successfully biofuels for engines in the industry and transport

In Vietnam, if using catfish fat biodiesel produced for fishing ship will save a large amount of foreign currency for the country and reduced environmental pollution So "Research to use catfish fat biodiesel for engines of fishing ship" is very urgent in present context

2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

Research of the effect of catfish fat biodiesel (B10) mixture fuel on the main parameters of diesel engine of fishing ship, shown possibility to use B10 and design suitable adaptive fuel system

3 RESEARCH OBJECTS AND SCOPE

3.1 Research objects

Catfish fat biodiesel and the main parameters of

diesel engine of fishing ship

3.2 Research scope

- Catfish fat biodiesel B10 (10% Biodiesel B100, 90% Diesel)

- Power, specific fuel consumption, exhaust

emission of diesel engine used of fishing ship when

using B10 and DO

- Determined the main parameters of diesel engine using B10 fuel

PRACTICAL OF THESIS

5.1 The meaning of science

- Building a theoretical basis of the effect of catfish fat biodiesel fuel on the main parameters of diesel engines;

- Determined of adjusting parameters of catfish fat biodiesel fuel to simulation: heat, viscosity and density;

- Show results of experiment study to use B10 fuel

on diesel engines

5.2 The practical meaning

- Suggestion solutions to use B10 mixed fuel for diesel engines;

- Suggestion technology of adaptive fuel system to use B10 mixed fuel;

- Complete the manual using biodiesel exactly, prevent spoiled of engine

6 RESEARCH METHODS

6.1 Study of theory

- Theories study of fuel injection, mixture formation and combustion in diesel engines using biodiesel fuel;

- Analysis and selection of rational mathematical models, applied to study the change of working parameters of diesel engines using B10 fuel;

- Simulation of the effects of B10 fuel on the main parameters of diesel fishing ship

6.2 Experimental study

- Determine the thermal parameters of B10 fuel;

- Determine the main parameters of diesel engine when using B10

working parameters of diesel engines

Chapter 3 Evaluate working parameters of diesel engine when using B10 fuel by numerical simulation Chapter 4 Experiment research to use catfish fat biodiesel fuel for Cummins NTA855 engine of fishing

ship

Conclusions and recommendations

8 LIMITATIONS OF THESIS

The thesis has not researched the effect of the rule

of fuel supply, experiment to measure NOx and soot emissions of diesel engine when using catfish fat biodiesel

Chapter 1 Overview 1.1 Overview of biofuels and biodiesel

Biofuels made from vegetable oils and animal fats, which have a potential as alternative fuel for traditional fuels Have function addition oxygen for combustion process, decrease exhaust emissions, blend easy with traditional fuels and a renewable source of fuel Biofuels such as biogasoline, biodiesel and biogas, where only biogasoline and biodiesel are interested to research application for internal combustion engines

In 2007, Vietnam has issued technical commit-

TCVN 7717: 2007 (table 1.1) with 20 basic technical

parameter of Biodiesel B100 and become one of the

countries is development biofuels

Table 1.1 The basic technical parameter of Biodiesel B100 follow TCVN 7717

Water and sedimentation, % volume

Carbon sedimentation, % mass,

Based on TCVN 7717: 2007, in 2009, Vietnam issued national technical regulation of gasoline, diesel fuel (DO) and biofuel - NTR 1: 2009 / Ministry of science and technology (MOSAT) with 11 basic

technical parameter of biodiesel B100 (Table 1.2)

Table 1.2 The basic technical parameter of Biodiesel B100 follow NTR 1: 2009 / MOSAT

Parameter Level Test method

Terms of ester (FAME), %

mass

96,5 TCVN 7868

(EN 14103) Water and sedimentation, %

volume

0,050 TCVN 7757

(ASTM D 2709) Kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C,

mm 2 /s

1,9 – 6,0

TCVN 3171 (ASTM D 445) Ash, sulphate, % mass 0,020 TCVN 2689

(EN 14112) free glycerin, % mass 0,020 TCVN 7867

(ASTM D 6584) Total glycerin, % mass 0,240 TCVN 7867

(ASTM D 6584)

(ASTM D 4951)

1.2 Base diesel engine selection as the main engine for research

With a large marine area and river in the southwest

of Vietnam, the number of fishing ship is very great Base diesel engine selection as the main engine for research as according to the popular level of engines, where diesel engine of Cummins, Yanmar and Mitsubishi engines is popula This study the thesis choose Cummins NTA855 engine as the main engine for research

1.3 Conclusion of Chapter 1

Chapter 1 had shows the following content:

- Vietnam had geographic advantages to develop fisheries, which is an important factor to produce biodiesel production from fish fat

- Biodiesel fuel used for diesel engines of fishing ship will decrease environmental pollution and develop economical of fisheries in Vietnam

- Research catfish fat biodiesel will contribute to the additional fuel for diesel engines, including diesel engines of fishing ship

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL BASIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL DESCRIBING THE EFFECT OF BIODIESEL FUEL ON MAIN WORKING PARAMETERS OF DIESEL

ENGINES 2.1 Main working parameters of diesel engine

Main working parameters of diesel engine include: Power, efficiency, specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions where, the maximum combustion pressure (pz) and the exhaust gas temperature (Tx) represent the mechanical and thermal loads of engine Fuel combustion process in diesel engine shown in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1 Pressure p, rate of fuel injection m f , heat

release rate Q n

2.2 Fuel for diesel engine

Follow the theory of fuel, fuel for diesel engines must be satisfied The following conditions:

- Must have a large mass in nature to provide long-term use;

2.3 The effect of B10 fuel on main working parameters of diesel engine

The effect of biodiesel fuel properties from fish fat

on main parameters of diesel engines is injection process, mixture formation and combustion process such

as viscosity, cetance number, heat, surface tension and evaporation:

- The heat of the fuel determines the output heat of the cycle and effects on the main parameters of engine;

- The structure of spray depends on the physical properties of the fuel especially: viscosity, surface tension and density

This structure of spray determines the quality of combustion mixture formation process and effect on main parameters of diesel engines Heat release rate calculate follow formula 2.1

m 1 SOC CD

m a SOC f

Specific fuel consumption (Sfc) show economical parameters of diesel engines given by the follow formula:

Cd: discharge coefficient of the nozzle; Sfc: specific fuel consumption

2.4 Conclusion of Chapter 2

Chapter 2 had analysis and shown follow content:

- The structure of spray depends on the physical properties of fuel (viscosity, density, surface tension) This structure determines the quality of the combustion mixture formation, combustion process and affects the main working parameters of diesel engine

- Based on theoretical analysis and mathematical models related to the fuel properties presented, the basic mathematical models in Chapter 2 will used to simulate the combustion and emission formation of engine when using catfish fat biodiesel fuel

Chapter 3 EVALUATE WORKING

PARAMETERS OF DIESEL ENGINE WHEN USING B10 FUEL BY NUMERICAL

SIMULATION 3.1 Simulation method in engine

Simulation method in engine help to research improving performance of internal combustion engine The main advantages of simulation method:

- It is possible to easily change all parameters to study

- It is possible to impose initial conditions on a large range

- It is possible to study the individual processes in the total combustion process

- Can extract relevant information in detail at all times

- High efficiency in terms of time and cost

3.2 Simulation of Cummins NTA855 engine using BIO fuel from catfish fat

CFD software code KIVA - 3V developed over the years at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), America That is an open-source software use fortran

programming language to simulation 2D and 3D turbulent flow with chemical reaction such as simulating combustion process of internal combustion engines The main steps for CFD solving related multi - phase flow and chemical reactions using CFD code KIVA -3V including:

- Build the geometry model of combustion chamber and discrete geometry model into finite volume model (meshing);

- Determine the government differential equations;

- Determine the input and boundary conditions, choose the mathematical model, solvingand post – processing

Conservation of mass equation:

Conservation of energy equation:

The mesh model shown in Figure 3.1

a) Axonometric view b) View from top

Figure 3.1 Simulation mesh model of champer

Cummins NTA855 engine 3.3 Simulation results

Spray and combustion mixture Formation:

compare structure of B10 and DO spray at 1200 rpm, shown in Figure 3.2 That are similar

Timming 15 0 BTDC

(after injection 3 0 CA)

Timming 13 0 BTDC (after injection 5 0 CA)

Figure 3.2 Spray structure B10 and DO fuel

in champer

Change combustion pressure in cylinder: Figure

3.3 shows combustion pressure Fig 3.4, Fig 3.5 shows power and specific fuel consumption

Figure 3.3 Pressure in the cylinder of B10 and DO fuel

Figure 3.4 Power of B10 and DO fuel

Figure 3.5 Specific fuel consumption of B10 and DO fuel

Change temperature and heat of release rate: heat

of release rate of B10 and DO shown in Figure 3.6,

combustion temperature shown in Figure 3.7, Figure 3.8, Figure 3.9

Figure 3.6 Heat release rate of B10 and DO fuel

Figure 3.7 Combustion temperature of B10 and DO fuel

Crank angle (deg)

Crank angle (deg)

Figure 3.8 Combustion temperature and pressure

of B10

Figure 3.9 Temperature distribution of B10 and DO

fuel in chamber

Exhaust emissions: Figure 3.10 shows the NOx

emission of B10 and DO fuels, NOx emission level is great when high combustion temperature, NOx process formation in high temperature zone shown in Figure 3.11

Figure 3.10 NO x formation of B10 and DO fuel

Speed: 1200 (rpm)

Crank angle (deg)

Figure 3.12 Soot formation of B10 and DO fuel

Figure 3.13 Soot distribution of B10 and DO

fuel in champer 3.4 Conclusion of chapter 3

The simulation results show the effect of catfish fat biodiesel fuel on combustion pressure, temperature, power, specific fuel consumption and emission of diesel engine Where, main working parameters of diesel engine when using B10 equivalent with DO fuel

Crank angle (deg) Speed: 1200 (rpm)

Chapter 4 EXPERIMENT RESEARCH TO USE CATFISH FAT BIODIESEL FUEL FOR

CUMMINS NTA855 ENGINE OF FISHING SHIP 4.1 Blending method

On line blending method on pipe to determine the

ratio between B100 and DO shown in Figure 4.1

Figure 4.1 On Line Blending method

The fuel tanks of the blending system for Cummins NTA855 engine shown in Figure 4.2

B100 Tank

DO

Tank

Control flow

Control blending Control flow

To engine

Figure 4.2 Blending system and fuel supply for

Cummins NTA855 engine

Essential supplies:

- Tank of B10 (B5) and tank of DO, B100;

- Oil supply valve, pipe;

- Three way valves to change oil from DO to B10 and return

4.2 Experimental setup

This is high-speed engine To ensure the safety of the engine and equipment, engine speed, load in constant state and change fuel to determine main parameters of

engine Some images of the experimental process shown

in Figure 4.3

Figure 4.3 Test of engine and equipment of

Cummins NTA855 engine 4.3 Building test mode and experimental process

Experimental process of Cummins NTA855 engine using biodiesel done as follows:

Step 1:

- Adjusted engine at low rotation from 30 to 45 minutes

to heat up for engine (no-load rotation of 600 rpm);

- Adjusted engine at 50% load, 1.200 rpm;

Step 2: Open B10 oil valve, close DO oil valve and measurement of parameters: Engine power, rotation, fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature

Step 3: Open DO oil valve, close B10 oil valve and measurement of parameters: Engine power, rotation, fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature

4.4 Experimental result

B10 fuel test results compared with DO recorded during about 10,000 working cycles of engine shown in Figure 4.4

Figure 4.4 B10 fuel test results compared with DO recorded during about 10,000 working cycles of engine

- Exhaust gas temperature: TegtDO = 3050C constant:

TegtB10 = 3050C (yellow line)

Experimental results for B10 in 1.000 cycle after using DO:

- Power: NeB10 = 145.3 Hp increased to: NeDO = 145.4 Hp

- Engine speed: nB10 = 1206 rpm constant: nDO =

Figure 4.5 B10 fuel test results compared with DO recorded during about 20,000 working cycles of engine

- Exhaust temperature: TegtDO = 2980C reduced to:

TegtB10 = 2950C (yellow line)

Experimental results for B10 in 1.000 cycle after using DO:

- Power: NeB10 = 143.9 Hp increased to: NeDO = 144.6 Hp