38 bài tập đọc HIỂU (247 câu) từ đề cô PHAN điệu image marked image marked

had a problem with memory ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG CÔ PHAN ĐIỆU – ĐỀ 1 Exercise 2:Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate t

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memory loss He couldn't remember even simple tasks He would often forget the name of his own son This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree

What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation High-tech machines

can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones Mobile phone companies agree that there

is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about

As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time Use your mobile phone only when you really need

it Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often

Question 1 According to the passage, cellphones are especially popular with young people because

A they are indispensable in everyday communications

B they make them look more stylish

C they keep the users alert all the time

D they cannot be replaced by regular phones

Question 2 The changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with

A the mobility of the mind and the body B the smallest units of the brain

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C the arteries of the brain D the resident memory

Question 3 The changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with

A the mobility of the mind and the body B the smallest units of the brain

C the arteries of the brainD the resident memory

Question 4 Doctors have tentatively concluded that cellphones may

A damage their users’ emotions B cause some mental malfunction

C change their users’ temperament D change their users’ social behaviours

Question 5 The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cellphone too often,

A suffered serious loss of mental ability B could no longer think lucidly

C abandoned his family D had a problem with memory

( ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG CÔ PHAN ĐIỆU – ĐỀ 1)

Exercise 2:Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments

Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs But

such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the ready availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs - Social Security - has become an American institution Paid for by deductions from the

paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfill its obligations in the 21st century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long-term solution is still being debated

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs These include Medicaid and Medicare; food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes

Needy Americans can also turn to sources other than the government for help A broad spectrum of private charities and voluntary organizations is available Volunteerism is on the rise in the United States,

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especially among retired persons It is estimated that almost 50 percent of Americans over age 18 do volunteer work, and nearly 75 percent of U.S households contribute money to charity

Question 6 The passage mainly discusses

A public assistance in America B immigration into America

C funding agencies in America D ways of fund-raising in America

Question 7 New immigrants to the U.S could seek help from

A the people who came earlier B the US government agencies

C only charity organizations D volunteer organizations

Question 8 It took welfare programs a long time to gain a foothold in the U.S due to the fast growth

of

A industrialization B modernization C urbanization D population

Question 9 The word “instituted” in the first paragraph mostly means

Question 10 Most of the public assistance programs after the severe economic crisis

A were introduced into institutions B did not become institutionalized

C functioned fruitfully in institutions D did not work in institutions

Question 11 That Social Security payments will be a burden comes from the concern that

A elderly people ask for more money B the program discourages working people

C the number of elderly people is growing D younger people do not want to work

Question 12 Americans on low incomes can seek help from

Question 13 Public assistance has become more and more popular due to the

A young people’s voluntarism only B volunteer organizations

C people’s growing commitment to charity D innovations in the tax system

Exercise 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

(1) A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are beginning to sketch the

contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection Some of them even anticipate the coming

of a field called “mismatch theory”, which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the

modern environment and the “ancestral environment” The one we were designed for.

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(2) There is no shortage of such maladies to study Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

(3) Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already

shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom It suggests, for example, that the

nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided that the model family of husband

at work and wife at home is hardly a “natural” and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives Moreover, the by gone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism Perhaps the biggest

surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the “animal” is us Freud, and various thinkers since, saw “civilization” as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and

transmutes them into psychopathology However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility There is a gentler, kinder side of human nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society

Question14: Which of the following is the theory that evolutionary psychologists forecast about its

appearance?

A Ancestral environment theory B Modern environment theory

Question 15: The word “contour” in line 1 is closet in meaning to _.

Question 16: According to the passage, the death of many young people in industrial countries is mainly

caused by _

Question 17: The word “one” in line 4 refers to the _.

A mismatch theory B field C modern environment D ancestral environment Question 18: It can be inferred from the passage that evolutionary psychologists dislike nostalgia for the

1950s because _

A it was an unhealthy time to live

B the nuclear family provides an unsatisfactory lifestyle

C women who wished to go out to work were misguided

D family life was seen to be unnatural

Exercise 4:Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

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(1) Footracing is a popular activity in the United States It is seen not only as a competitive sport but also

as a way to exercise, to enjoy the camaraderie of like–minded people, and to donate money to a good cause Though serious runners may spend months training to compete, other runners and walkers might

not train at all Those not competing to win might run in an effort to beat their own time or simply to enjoy the fun an exercise People of all ages From those of less than one year (who may be pushed in

strollers) to those in their eighties, enter into this sport The races are held on city streets, on college

campuses, through parks, and in suburban areas, and they are commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in length (2) The largest footrace in the world is the 12 kilometer Bay to Breakers race that is held in San

Francisco every spring This race begins on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the west side at the Pacific Ocean There may be 80,000 or more people running in this race through the streets and hills of San Francisco In the front of are the serious runners who compete to win and who might finish in a little as 34 minutes Behind them are the thousands who take several hours to finish In

the back of the race are those who dress in costumes and come just for fun One year there was a group of

men who dresses like Elvis Presley, and another group consisted of the firefighters who were tired

together in a long line and who were carrying a firehose There was even a bridal party, in which the bride was dressed in a long white gown and the groom wore a tuxedo The bride and groom threw flowers to bystanders, and they were actually married at some point along the route

Question 19: The main purpose of this passage is to _.

A encourage people to exercise B describe a popular activity

C make fun of runners in costume D give reasons for the popularity of footraces Question 20: The phrase “a good cause” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by which of the

following?

C for a good purpose D to protect a wise investment

Question 21: Which of the following is NOT implied by the author?

A Footraces appeal to a variety of people.

B Walkers can compete for prizes.

C Entering is a good way to give support to an organization.

D Running is a good way to strengthen the heart.

Question 22: As used in paragraph 1, the word “strollers” refer to _.

Question 23: In what lines does the author give reasons for why people enter footraces?

A Footracing and exercise B People off all ages in length

C The largest 34 minutes D Behind them a firehose

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Question 24: The word “costumes” as used in paragraph 2 most likely refers to _.

Question 25: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?

A Some runners looked like Elvis Presley.

B Some runners were ready to put out a fire.

C Some runners were participating in a wedding.

D Some runners serious about winning.

Question 26: Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?

Exercise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Whales are the largest animals in the world, and the gentlest creatures we know Although the whale is very huge, it is not hindered at all by its size when it is in the water Whales have tails that end like

flippers With just a gentle flick, it can propel itself forward The skin of a whale is so smooth that it does not create any friction that can slow the whale down A whale’s breathing hole is located on the top of its head, so it can breathe without having to completely push its head out of the water Whales are protected from the cold seawater by body fat that is called blubber

Whales live in the ocean but, in terms of behaviours, they are more similar to humans than fish They

live in family groups and they even travel in groups when they have to migrate from cooler to warmer waters The young stay with their parents for as long as fifteen years Whales are known not to desert the ill or injured members; instead, they cradle them

When whales are in danger, there are people who go to great lengths to help them One such case

occurred in 1988, when three young whales were trapped in the sea It was close to winter and the sea had begun to freeze over Whales are mammals that require oxygen from the air, so the frozen ice was a great

danger to them All they had then was a tiny hole in the ice for them to breathe through Volunteers from

all over soon turned up to help these creatures They cut holes in the ice to provide more breathing holes

for the whales These holes would also serve as guides for the whales so that they could swim to warmer

waters

(Adapted from http://www.englishdaily626.com?reading_comprehension)

Question 27: Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?

A Successful attempts to rescue whales all over the world

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B Some remarkable similarities of whales to humans

C Whales as the largest, gentlest but vulnerable creatures

D Whales as the only animals to live in warm water

Question 28: Whales can move easily in water thanks to their .

A tail and blubber B size and head C tail and skin D skin and head

Question 29: Where is the whale’s breathing hole located?

A On its head B On its back C On its face D On its tail

Question 30: According to paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following to show that whales

“are more similar to humans” EXCEPT _

A they do not desert the ill or injured members

B they do not migrate from cooler to warmer waters

C they live in family groups and travel in groups

D the young stay with their parents for almost fifteen years

Question 31: The word “tiny” in paragraph 3 probably means _.

Exercise 6:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

It's called 42 – the name taken from the answer to the meaning of life, from the science fiction series The

Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy 42 was founded by French technology billionaire Xavier Niel, whose

backing means there are no tuition fees and accommodation is free Mr Niel and his co–founders come from the world of technology and start–ups, and they are trying to do to education what Facebook did to communication and Airbnb to accommodation

Students at 42 are given a choice of projects that they might be set in a job as a software engineer –

perhaps to design a website or a computer game They complete a project using resources freely

available on the Internet and by seeking help from their fellow students, who work alongside them in a

large open–plan room full of computers Another student will then be randomly assigned to mark their work

The founders claim this method of learning makes up for shortcomings in the traditional education

system, which they say encourages students to be passive recipients of knowledge "Peer–to–peer

learning develops students with the confidence to search for solutions by themselves, often in quite creative and ingenious ways."

Like in computer games, the students are asked to design and they go up a level by completing a project They graduate when they reach level 21, which usually takes three to five years And at the end, there is a

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certificate but no formal degree Recent graduates are now working at companies including IBM,

Amazon, and Tesla, as well as starting their own firms

"The feedback we have had from employers is that our graduates are more apt to go off and find out information for themselves, rather than asking their supervisors what to do next," says Brittany Bir, chief operating officer of 42 in California and a graduate of its sister school in Paris Ms Bir says 42's graduates will be better able to work with others and discuss and defend their ideas – an important skill in the “real world” of work "This is particularly important in computer programming, where individuals are

notorious for lacking certain human skills," she says.

But could 42's model of teacherless learning work in mainstream universities? Brittany Bir admits 42's methods do not suit all students "It suits individuals who are very disciplined and self–motivated, and who are not scared by having the freedom to work at their own pace," she says

(Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/business–37694248)

Question 32: According to the passage, 42 is _.

C an innovation in technology D a tool of virtual communication

Question 33: The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to _.

A students at 42 B projects C resources D software engineers Question 34: The author mentions “to design a website or a computer game” in paragraph 2 to

illustrate _

A a job that a French software engineer always does

B a choice of assignment that students at 42 have to complete

C a free resource available on the Internet

D a help that students at 42 get for their work

Question 35: What do 42’s graduates receive on completion of their course?

Question 36: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A The founders of 42 share the idea of providing free service on Facebook.

B It normally takes 42’s students at least five years to complete their course.

C The students of 42 are required to play computer games during their course.

D 42’s peer–to–peer approach promotes active learning and working.

Question 37: According to Ms Bir, 42’s graduates will be able to improve _.

A the skills of giving feedback

B the skills of searching for information

C the skills of teamwork and debating

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D the skills of software programming

Question 38: The word “notorious” in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by _.

Question 39: It can be inferred from the passage that _.

A 42 is a good choice for people of all ages and nationalities

B all 42’s graduates are employed by world leading technology companies

C 42’s students have to handle the task assigned without any assistance

D 42 adopts project–based and problem–solving learning methods

Scientists have experimented with a new procedure for alleviating the damage caused by strokes

Strokes are frequently caused by a blood clot lodging in the tree of arteries in the head, choking the flow

of blood Some brain cells die as a direct result of the stroke, but others also die over several hours because the proteins spilling out of the first cells that die trigger a chemical chain reaction that kills the neighboring cells

The current method of reducing the amount of damage is to give a clot dissolver, known as TPA, as soon as possible But generally TPA is not given to the patient until he or she reaches the hospital, and it still does not immediately stop the damage

The new technology, still in the research stage, involves chilling the area or the entire patient It is already known that when an organ is cooled, damage is slowed This is why sometimes a person who has fallen into an icy pond is not significantly harmed after being warmed up again The biggest issue is the method of cooling It is not feasible to chill the head alone Doctors have chilled the entire body by wrapping the patient in cold materials, but extreme shivering was a problem

The new idea is to cool the patient from the inside out Several companies are studying the use of cold-tipped catheters, inserted into the artery in the groin and threaded up to the inferior vena cava, which

is a large vein that supplies blood to the abdomen The catheter is expected to cool the blood that flows over it, thus allowing cooler blood to reach the area of the stroke damage

It is not expected that the cooling will be substantial, but even a slight decrease in temperature is thought to be helpful In effect, the patient is given a kind of forced hypothermia And doctors believe it is important to keep the patient awake so that they can converse with the patient in order to ascertain mental condition

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Studies continue to determine the most effective and least damaging means of cooling the patient in order to reduce this damage.

Question 40: The word “alleviating” in the first sentence is closest in meaning to _.

Question 41: According to the passage, the method of chilling from the inside out is being considered for

all of the following reasons except _

A it is not possible to chill the head alone

B cold dissolves blood clots

C chilling from the inside out avoids shaking

D drugs are not helpful in stopping the chain reaction.

Question 42: According to the passage, what causes a stroke?

A Low blood flow B A blood clot sticking in an area of the brain

C Hot blood D A patient choking on food

Question 43: According to the passage, all of the following are true except that _.

A some cells die immediately when a person has a stroke, and others die later

B the protein from dead cells kills other cells

C cells die only as a direct result of the stroke

D TPA is effective in removing blood clots

Question 44: What is the passage mainly about?

A The dangers of cooling the body.

B New pharmaceutical methods for reducing stroke damage that are being researched.

C Causes and effects of strokes.

D A new method of cooling the body to reduce stroke damage that is being researched.

Hobbit-like Species of Humans

On the tiny island of Flores, east of Bali and midway between Asia and Australia, the scientists

have discovered the remains of a small, hobbit-like species of humans These people grew no larger than

the modern three-year-old child They lived about 18,000 years ago and are completely different species

of human

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This discovery has taught scientists a lot about the human species This remarkable discovery shows that the human species is more varied and flexible in its ability to adapt than previously thought These hobbit-like people join a short list of other type of humans that lived with modern humans.

The researchers believe that these hobbits evolved from a normal size, human population that reached Flores around 840,000 years ago One likely explanation is that, over thousands of years, the species became smaller because the environmental conditions favored a smaller body size The dwarfing

of mammals on islands occurs frequently Islands limit food supply and predators and species compete for the same environmental space Survival would depend on minimizing energy requirements

Question 45: Which is the main topic of this passage?

A The reasons for the dwarfing of mammals

B Detailed information about the features of a different species of human

C The discovery of a hobbit-like species of human and its significance

D A fictitious character in world history

Question 46: What makes this discovery so significant?

A It shows that hobbits may have existed.

B This shows that small islands are good place for smaller species.

C It shows that humans do not need a lot of different foods.

D It shows that human can change a great deal according to the demands of the environment.

Question 47: The word “remains” in the passage is closest in meaning to _.

Question 48: Which of the following best favors a smaller body size?

A a mainland where there is a little competition for survival

B a small, isolated area where there is a limited food supply

C an island that has a large and varied food supply

D an environment where there are many predators

Question 49: According to the passage, all of the following can dwarf a species of animal or human

except _

Question 50: Which of the following is true of the newly discovered species?

A They are the only human species to live with modern man.

B They moved from island to island.

C They needed less food than modern human.

D They were only as intelligent as a three-year-old child.

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Question 51: We learn from the passage that dwarfing has occurred _.

A on every continent B only on the island discussed in the passage

C on their islands as well D none of the above

Question 52: According to the passage, why does a smaller size help species survive under certain

condition?

A It makes them more difficult for predators to see B It allows them to move more quickly.

C It allows them to consume less food D All of the above

Exercise 9: Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of protoplasm,

constitute a classification of the most primitive forms of animal life They are fantastically diverse, but three major groups may be identified on the basis of their motility The Mastigophora have one or more long tails, which they use to project themselves forward The Ciliata, which use the same basic means for locomotion as the Mastigophora, have a larger number of short tails The Sarcodina, which include amoebae, float or row themselves about on their crusted bodies

(2) In addition to their form of movement, several other features discriminate among the three groups of

protozoans For example, at least two nuclei per cell have been identified in the Ciliata, usually a large nucleus that regulates growth but decomposes during reproduction, and a smaller one that contains the genetic code necessary to generate the large nucleus

(3) Protozoans are considered animals because, unlike pigmented plants to which some protozoans are

otherwise almost identical, they do not live on simple organic compounds Their cell demonstrates all of

the major characteristics of the cells of higher animals

(4) Many species of protozoans collect into colonies, physically connected to each other and responding

uniformly to outside stimulae Current research into this phenomenon, along with investigations carried

out with advanced microscopes may necessitate a redefinition of what constitutes protozoans, even calling into question the basic premise that they have only one cell Nevertheless, with the current data available, almost 40,000 species of protozoans have been identified No doubt, as the technology

improves our methods of observation, better models of classification will be proposed

Question 53: With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?

C Motility in protozoans D Characteristics of protozoans

Question 54: The word “minute” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

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A Very common B Very fast C Very old D Very small

Question 55: Where do protozoans probably live?

Question 56: What is protoplasm?

A A class of protozoan

B The substance that forms the cell of a protozoan

C A primitive animal similar to a protozoan

D An animal that developed from a protozoan

Question 57: The word “uniformly” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A in the same way B once in a while C all of a sudden D in the long run

1) It was the first photograph that I had ever seen, and it fascinated me I can remember holding it at

every angle in order to catch the flickering light from the oil lamp on the dresser The man in the

photograph was unsmiling, but his eyes were kind I had never met him, but I felt that I knew him One evening when I was looking at the photograph, as I always did before I went to sleep, I noticed a shadow across the man’s thin face I moved the photograph so that the shadow lay perfectly around his hollow cheecks How different he looked!

(2) That night I could not sleep, thinking about the letter that I would write First, I would tell him that I

was eleven years old, and that if he had a little girl my age, she could write to me instead of him I knew that he was a very busy man Then I would explain to him the real purpose of my letter I would tell him how wonderful he looked with the shadow that I had seen across his photograph, and I would most carefully suggest that he grow whiskers

(3) Four months later when I met him at the train station near my home in Westfield, New York, he was

wearing a full beard He was so much taller than I had imagined from my tiny photograph

(4) “Ladies and gentlemen,” he said, “I have no speech to make and no time to make it in I appear before

you that I may see you and that you may see me.” Then he picked me right up and kissed me on both cheeks The whiskers scratched “Do you think I look better, my little friend?” he asked me

(5) My name is Grace Bedell, and the man in the photograph was Abraham Lincoln

Question 58: What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

A To explain how Grace Bedell took a photograph of Abraham Lincoln

B To explain why Abraham Lincoln wore a beard

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C To explain why the first photographs were significant in American life

D To explain why Westfield is an important city

Question 59: The word “fascinated” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

Question 60: The man in the photograph

A was smiling B had a beard C had a round, fat face D looked kind

Question 61: What did Grace Bedell do every night before she went to sleep?

B She made shadow figures on the wall D She read stories.

Question 62: The little girl could not sleep because she was

Question 63: The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to

Question 64: From this passage, it may be inferred that

A Grace Bedell was the only one at the train station when Lincoln stopped at Westfield

B There were many people waiting for Lincoln to arrive on the train

C Lincoln made a long speech at the station in Westfield

D Lincoln was offended by the letter

Question 65: Why did the author wait until the last line to reveal the identity of the man in the

photograph?

A The author did not know it.

B The author wanted to make the reader fell foolish.

C The author wanted to build the interest and curiosity of the reader.

D The author was just a little girl.

(1) Colors are one of the most exciting experiences in life I love them, and they are just as

important to me as emotions are Have you ever wondered how the two are so intimately related?

(2) Color directly affects your emotions Color both reflects the current state of your emotions, and

is something that you can use to improve or change your emotions The color that you choose to wear either reflects your current state of being, or reflects the color or emotion that you need

(3) The colors that you wear affect you much more than they affect the people around you Of course they also affect anyone who comes in contract with you, but you are the one saturated with the

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color all day! I even choose items around me based on their color In the morning, I choose my clothes based on the color or emotion that I need for the day So you can consciously use color to control the emotions that you are exposed to, which can help you to feel better

(4) Color, sound, and emotions are all vibrations Emotions are literally energy in motion; they are meant to move and flow This is the reason that real feelings are the fastest way to get your energy in motion Also, flowing energy is exactly what creates healthy cells in your body So, the fastest want to be healthy is to be open to your real feelings Alternately, the fastest way to create disease is to inhibit your emotions

Question 66: What is the main idea of the passage?

A Colors are one of the most exciting.

B Colors can help you become healthy.

C Emotions and colors are closely related to each other.

D Colorful clothes can change your mood.

Question 67: Which of the following can be affected by color?

C your friend's feelings D Your need for thrills

Question 68: According to the passage, what do color, sound, and emotion all have in common?

A They are all vibrations B They all affect the cells of the body.

C They are all related to health D They are all forms of motion.

Question 69: According to this passage, what creates disease?

A Being open to your emotions B Wearing the color black

C Exposing yourself to bright colors D Ignoring your emotions

Question 70: The term "intimately" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.

(1) In the West, cartoons are used chiefly to make people laugh The important feature of all these cartoons is the joke and the element of surprise which is contained Even though it is very funny, a good cartoon is always based on close observation of a particular feature of life and usually has a serious purpose

(2) Cartoons in the West have been associated with political and social matters for many years In wartime, for example, they proved to be an excellent way of spreading propaganda Nowadays cartoons

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are often used to make short, sharp comments on politics and governments as well as on a variety of social matters In this way, the modern cartoon has become a very powerful force in influencing people in Europe and the United States

(3) Unlike most American and European cartoons, however, many Chinese cartoon drawings in the past have also attempted to educate people, especially those who could not read and write Such cartoons about the lives and sayings of great men in China have proved extremely useful in bringing education to illiterate and semi-literate people throughout China Confucius, Mencius and Laozi have all appeared in very interesting stories presented in the form of cartoons The cartoons themselves have thus served to illustrate the teachings of the Chinese sages in a very attractive way

(4) In this sense, many Chinese cartoons are different from Western cartoons in so far as they do not

depend chiefly on telling jokes Often, there is nothing to laugh at when you see Chinese cartoons This is

not their primary aim In addition to commenting on serious political and social matters, Chinese cartoons have aimed at spreading the traditional Chinese thoughts and culture as widely as possible among the people

(5) Today, however, Chinese cartoons have an added part to play in spreading knowledge They offer a very attractive and useful way of reaching people throughout the world, regardless of the particular country in which they live Thus, through cartoons, the thoughts and teachings of the old Chinese philosophers and sages can now reach people who live in such countries as Britain, France, America, Japan, Malaysia or Australia and who are unfamiliar with the Chinese culture

(6) Until recently, the transfer of knowledge and culture has been overwhelmingly from the West to the East and not vice versa By means of cartoons, however, publishing companies in Taiwan, Hong

Kong and Singapore are now having success in correcting this imbalance between the East and the West

(7) Cartoons can overcome language barriers in all foreign countries The vast increase in the popularity of these cartoons serves to illustrate the truth of Confucius’s famous saying “One picture is worth a thousand words.”

Question 71: Which of the following clearly characterizes Western cartoons?

A Humor, unexpectedness, and criticism B Seriousness, propaganda, and attractiveness.

C Enjoyment, liveliness, and carefulness D Originality, freshness, and astonishment.

Question 72: Chinese cartoons have been useful as an important means of .

A political propaganda in wartime B spreading Western ideas

C amusing people all the time D educating ordinary people

Question 73: The major differences between Chinese cartoons and Western cartoons come from their .

Question 74: The pronoun “this” in paragraph 4 mostly refers to .

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A a piece of art B an educational purpose

Question 75: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A A Very Powerful Force in Influencing People

B Chinese Cartoons and Western Cartoons

C Cartoons as a Way of Educating People

D.An Excellent Way of Spreading Propaganda

Question 76: The word “imbalance” in paragraph 6 refers to .

A the dominant cultural influence of the West over the East

B the discrimination between the West culture and the East culture

C the influence of the East cartoons over the West cartoons

D the mismatch between the East cartoons and the West cartoons

Question 77: Which of the following is most likely the traditional subject of Chinese cartoons?

A The stories and features of the lives of great men the world over.

B The illiterate and semi-literate people throughout China.

C Jokes and other kinds of humor in political and social matters.

D The philosophies and sayings of ancient Chinese thinkers.

Question 78: According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A Cartoons will replace other forms of writing B Western cartoons always have a serious purpose.

C Cartoons can serve various purposes D Language barriers restricted cartoons.

(1) The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a

vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted Until about a century ago, the deepocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space

(2) Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to

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maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor

(3) The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983 During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future Today, largely on

the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists

agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth

(4) The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world's past climates Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back

hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the

intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change - information that may be used to predict future climates

Question 79: The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" because it .

A is not a popular area for scientific research B contains a wide variety of life forms

C attracts courageous explorers D is an unknown territory

Question 80: The word "inaccessible" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .

Question 81: Which of the following is NOT true of the Glomar Challenger?

A It is a type of submarine B It is an ongoing project.

C It has gone on nearly 100 voyages D It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.

Question 82: The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was .

A an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas

B the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom

C composed of geologists form all over the world

D funded entirely by the gas and oil industry

Question 83: The word "strength" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to .

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(1) After the Anasazi abandoned southwestern Colorado in the late 1200s or early 1300s, history’s pages are blank The Anasazi were masons and apartment builders who occupied the deserts, river valleys, and mesas of this region for over a thousand years, building structures that have weathered the test of time

(2) The first Europeans to visit southwestern Colorado were the ever-restless, ambitious Spanish, who sought gold, pelts, and slaves In 1765, under orders from the Spanish governor in Santa Fe, Juan

Maria Antonio Rivera led a prospecting and trading party into the region Near the Dolores River in

southwestern Colorado, he found some insignificant silver-bearing rocks, and it is thought that it was he who named the mountains nearby the Sierra de la Plata or the Silver Mountains Rivera found little of commercial value that would interest his superiors in Santa Fe, but he did open up a route that would soon

lead to the establishment of the Old Spanish Trail This expedition and others to follow left names on the

land which are only reminders we have today that the Spanish once explored this region

(3) In 1776, one of the men who had accompanied Rivera, Andre Muniz, acted as a guide for another expedition That party entered southwestern Colorado in search of a route west to California, traveling near today’s towns of Durango and Dolores Along the way, they camped at the base of a large green mesa which today carries the name Mesa Verde They were the first Europeans to record the discovery of an Anasazi archeological site in southwestern Colorado

(4) By the early 1800s, American mountain men and trappers were exploring the area in their quest for beaver pelts Men like Peg-leg Smith were outfitted with supplies in the crossroads trapping town of Taos, New Mexico These adventurous American trappers were a tough bunch They, possibly more than any other newcomers, penetrated deeply into the mountain fastness of southwestern Colorado, bringing back valuable information about the area and discovering new routes through the mountains One of the trappers, William Becknell, the father of the Santa Fe Trail, camped in the area of Mesa Verde, where he found pottery shards, stone houses, and other Anasazi remains

Question 84: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The Spanish influence in Colorado B The history of the Anasazi in Colorado.

C Early exploration of Colorado D Economic exploitation of Colorado.

Question 85: The phrase “the region” in paragraph 2 refers to .

Question 86: It can be concluded from the lines 10-11 that .

A many places have Spanish names.

B Rivera’s expedition was unsuccessful.

C not much is known of the Spanish exploration of the region.

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D the Spanish culture quickly overtook the native culture.

Question 87: The purpose of the expedition of 1776 was .

A to look for a way to reach California B to study the archaeology of the region

C to look for silver in the mountains D to build the towns of Durango and Dolores Question 88: In paragraph 4, the author suggests that .

A American trappers traded with the Spanish

B mountain men and trappers survived in harsh conditions

C Peg-leg Smith owned a trading post in New Mexico

D beaver pelts were becoming scarce in Colorado in the 1800s

Question 89: Which of the following is most likely true about William Becknell?

A He collected Anasazi pottery B He was well-educated about the Anasazi culture.

C He built the Santa Fe Trail D He was wealthy from selling beaver pelts.

Question 90: Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A A comparison of Spanish and American expeditions.

B A description of southwestern Colorado.

C An illustration of archaeological discovery.

D A historical account of southwestern Colorado.

Question 91: Which of the following sentences should NOT be included in a summary of this passage?

A The discovery of gold and silver changed Colorado history.

B The Anasazi were early inhabitants of Colorado.

C The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore Colorado.

D Economic interests influenced the exploration of Colorado.

(1) Though Edmund Halley was most famous because of his achievements as an astronomer, he was

a scientist of diverse interests and great skill In addition to studying the skies, Halley was also deeply interested in exploring the unknown depths of the oceans One of his lesser-known accomplishments that were quite remarkable was his design for a diving bell that facilitated exploration of the watery depths (2) The diving bell that Halley designed had a major advantage over the diving bells that were in use prior to his Earlier diving bells could only make use of the air contained within the bell itself, so divers had to surface when the air inside the bell ran low Halley’s bell was an improvement in that its

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design allowed for an additional supply of fresh air that enabled a crew of divers to remain underwater for several hours

(3) The diving contraption that Halley designed was in the shape of a bell that measured three feet across the top and five feet across the bottom and could hold several divers comfortably; it was open at

the bottom so that divers could swim in and out at will The bell was built of wood, which was first

heavily tarred to make it water repellent and was then covered with a half-ton sheet of lead to make the bell heavy enough to sink in water The bell shape held air inside for the divers to breathe as the bell sank

to the bottom

(4) The air inside the bell was not the only source of air for the divers to breathe, and it was this improvement that made Halley’s bell superior to its predecessors In addition to the air already in the bell, air was also supplied to the divers from a lead barrel that was lowered to the ocean floor close to the bell itself Air flowed through a leather pipe from the lead barrel on the ocean floor to the bell The diver could breathe the air from a position inside the bell, or he could move around outside the bell wearing a diving suit that consisted of a lead bell-shaped helmet with a glass viewing window and a leather body suit, with a leather pipe carrying fresh air from the diving bell to the helmet

Question 92: The subject of the preceding passage was most likely Halley’s _.

C invention of the diving bell D many different interests

Question 93: Halley’s bell was better than its predecessors because it _.

Question 94: How long could divers stay underwater in Halley’s bell?

A Just a few seconds B Only a few minutes C For days on end D For hours at a time Question95: It is NOT stated in the passage that Halley’s bell _.

A was completely enclosed B was wider at the top than at the bottom

C could hold more than one diver D was made of tarred wood

Question 96: The expression “at will” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by

A in the future B upside down C as they wanted D with great speed ( ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QG CÔ PHAN ĐIỆU – ĐỀ 8)

(1) As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon

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credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society

(2) The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the

century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling By 1920

schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies

(3) Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations Immigrant women were once such population Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home

(4) Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the

production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities

both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date

Question 97: The paragraph preceding the passage probably discusses _.

A the industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life the United States in the nineteen

century

B the formal schooling in the United States in the nineteen century

C the urbanization in the United States in the nineteen century

D the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society in the nineteen century Question 98: It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance

of education in the United States was _

A the expanding economic problems of schools

B the growing number of schools in frontier communities

C an increase in the number of trained teachers

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D the increased urbanization of the entire country

Question 99: The phrase "coincided with" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.

A happened at the same time as B ensured the success of

Question 100: According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's

was that _

A the amount of time spent on formal education was limited

B new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education

C adults and children studied in the same classes

D most places required children to attend school

Question 101: According to the passage, early-twentieth century education reformers believed that

_

A special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them

B corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress

C different groups needed different kinds of education

D more women should be involved in education and industry

Question 102: The word "it" in line 19 refers to _.

Question 103: Women were trained to be consumer homemakers as a result of _.

A scarcity in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States

B economic necessity in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States

C income-producing activities in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States

D overproduction in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States

Question 104: Which paragraph mentions the importance of abilities and experience in formal schooling?

A Paragraph 2 B Paragraph 4 C Paragraph 1 D Paragraph 3

The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York city For a long time, it has been

the newspaper of record in the United States and one of the world’s great newspapers Its strength is in its editorial excellence; it has never been the largest newspaper in terms of circulation

The Times was established in 1851 as a penny paper whose editors wanted to report the news in a

restrained and objective fashion It enjoyed early success as its editors set a pattern for the future by

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appealing to a cultured, intellectual readership instead of a mass audience However, in the late nineteenth century, it came into competition with more popular, colorful, if not lurid, newspapers in New York City Despite price increases, the Times was losing $1,000 a week when Adolph Simon Ochs bought it in 1896.

Ochs built the Times into an internationally respected daily He hired Carr Van Anda as editor Van

Anda placed greater stress than ever on full reporting of the news of the day, and his reporters maintained

and emphasized existing good coverage of international news The management of the paper decided to eliminate fiction from the paper, added a Sunday magazine section, and reduced the paper’s price back to

a penny In April 1912, the paper took many risks to report every aspect of the sinking of the Titanic This

greatly enhanced its prestige, and in its coverage of two world wars, the Times continued to enhance its

reputation for excellence in world news

In 1971, the Times was given a copy of the so–called “Pentagon Papers,” a secret government study

of U.S involvement in the Vietnam War When it published the report, it became involved in several awsuits The U.S Supreme Court found that the publication was protected by the freedom–of–thepress clause in the First Amendment of the U.S Constitution Later in the 1970s, the paper, under Adolph Ochs’s grandson, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, introduced sweeping changes in the organization of the newspaper and its staff and brought out a national edition transmitted by satellite to regional printing plants

Question 105: What is the main idea of the passage?

A The New York Times publishes the best fiction by American writers.

B The New York Times became highly respected throughout the world.

C The New York Times broadcasts its news to TV stations via satellite.

D The New York Times lost its prestige after the Vietnam War.

Question 106: It can be inferred from the passage that the circulation of the New York Times is _.

A not the best in the world B the smallest in the world

C the worst in the world D not the largest in the world

Question107: Which phrase is closest in meaning to the word “restrained” in paragraph 2?

A Put in prison B With self–control C Without education D In handcuffs

Question 108: What word or phrase does the word “his” as used in paragraph 3 refer to?

A Van Anda B Reporters C News of the day D International news

Question 109: To improve its circulation, the management of the Times did all of the following

EXCEPT_

A emphasized good coverage of international news

B increased the number of lurid stories, even if they were not true

C added a Sunday magazine section

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D eliminated fiction from the paper

The ideas of John Dewey, philosopher and educator, have influenced American thought for over one hundred years Dewey was born in Vermont in 1859, and throughout his life, he kept the respect for experience, individuality, and fair play that shaped the character of the nineteenth–century Vermonter He viewed his own life as a continuously reconstructive process–with experience and knowledge building to each other

By the 1930s, Dewey had simplified his theory of experience to its essence As the intellectual

leader of the progressive schools, he asserted that there was danger in rejecting the old unless the new was rooted in a correct idea of experience He held that experience is an interaction between what a person already knows and the situation at hand Previous knowledge interacting with the present environment influences future experience

Dewey believed that experience could not be equated with education because all experiences are not necessarily educative Experience is educative only when it contributes to the growth of the individual,

but it can be miseducative if it distorts the growth of future experience It is the quality of experience that

matters Thus, productive experience is both the means and the goal of education Furthermore, since education is a social process, truly progressive education involves the participation of the learner in directing the learning experience

During his long life, Dewey lectured and published prolifically These writings were influential

both during his lifetime and after his death at the age of ninety–two He viewed his whole life as an experiment which would produce knowledge that would lead to the further experimentation The range and diversity of Dewey’s writings and his influence on society place him among American’s great thinkers

A John Dewey’s theory of experience B The educational methods of John Dewey.

C John Dewey’s professional growth D The progressive movement in education.

Question 111: The author implies that Dewey’s Vermont background _.

A provided him with an excellent education

B limited the types of experiences he had as a child

C inspired him to become a philosopher

D contributed to his philosophy of experience

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Question 112: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _.

A progressive education B theory of experience C the 1930s D the old

Question 113: According to Jon Dewey, the interplay between a person’s previous knowledge and the

present situation is _

Question 114: The word “distorts” in paragraph 3 is closet in meaning to _.

Question 115: All of the following were part of Dewey’s theory of experience and education EXCEPT

A present experience affects future experience B knowledge and experience interact

C experience is always education D experience should develop the individual

Question 116: According to Dewey, progressive education should include _.

A the active participation of the student B both positive and negative experiences

C complete rejection of traditional methods D directing new social process

Question 117: The word “prolifically” in paragraph 4 is closet in meaning to _.

A carefully B progressively C abundantly D intellectually

Exercise 19: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate themcorrect answer to each of the questions.

LEVELS OF VOCABULARY

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers In English, at least three have been identified and described

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority

of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number

of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority

Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang

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expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity In some cases, the majority never accepts

certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories Every generation seems

to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions

Question 118: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

C Different types of vocabulary D Dictionary usage.

Question 119: How is slang defined by the author?

A Words and phrases accepted by the majority of formal usage.

B Words or phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard dictionaries.

C Words or phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers.

D Words or phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage.

Question 120: The word “appropriate” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.

Question 121: The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to _.

Question 122: What does the author mean by the statement in paragraph 2: “Colloquialisms, on the other

hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used

in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations.”?

A Familiar words and phrases are found in both speech and writing in formal settings.

B Familiar situations that are experienced by most people are called colloquialisms.

C Informal language contains colloquialisms, which are not found in more formal language.

D Most of the speakers of a language can used both formal and informal speech in their appropriate

situations

Exercise 20: Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your

answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

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In addition to the great ridges and volcanic chains, the oceans conceal another form of undersea

mountains: the strange guyot, or flat-topped seamount No marine geologist even suspected the existence

of these isolated mountains until they were discovered by geologist Harry H Hess in 1946

He was serving at the time as naval officer on a ship equipped with a fathometer Hess named these truncated peaks for the nineteenth-century Swiss-born geologist Arnold Guyot, who had served on the faculty of Princeton University for thirty years Since then, hundreds of guyots have been discovered in every ocean but the Arctic Like offshore canyons, guyots present a challenge to oceanographic theory They are believed to be extinct volcanoes Their flat tops indicate that they once stood above or just below the surface, where the action of waves leveled off their peaks Yet today, by definition, their summits are at least 600 feet below the surface, and some are as deep as 8,200 feet Most lie between 3,200 feet and 6,500 feet Their tops are not really flat but slope upward to a low pinnacle at the center Dredging from the tops of guyots has recovered basalt and coral rubble, and that would be expected from the eroded tops of what were once islands Some of this material is over 80 million years old Geologists think the drowning of the guyots involved two processes: The great weight of the volcanic mountains depressed the sea floor beneath them, and the level of the sea rose a number of times, especially when the last Ice Age ended, some 8,000 to 11,000 years ago

Question 123: What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?

A To describe feature of the undersea world.

B To trace the career of Arnold Guyot.

C To present the results of recent geologic research.

D To discuss underwater ridges and volcano chains.

Question 124: The word “conceal” is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Question 125: The passage implies that guyots were first detected by means of _.

A a deep-sea diving expedition B computer analysis

Question 126: What does the passage say about the Arctic Ocean?

A The first guyot was discovered there.

B It is impossible that guyots were ever formed there.

C There are more guyots there than in any other ocean.

D No guyots have ever been found there.

Question 127: The author states that offshore canyons and guyots have which of the following

characteristics in common?

A Both are found on the ocean floor near continental shelves.

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B Both were formed by volcanic activity.

C Both were, at one time, above the surface of the sea.

D Both present oceanographers with a mystery.

Question 128: According to the passage, most guyots are found at a depth of _.

A between 600 and 3,200 feet B more than 8,200 feet

Question 129: According to the passage, which of the following two processes were involved in the

submersion of guyots?

A Erosion and volcanic activity.

B The sinking of the sea floor and the rising of sea level.

C High tides and earthquakes.

D Mountain building and the action of ocean currents.

Question 130: According to the passage, when did sea level significantly rise?

A From 8,000 to 11,000 years B In the nineteenth century

Our eyes and ears might be called transformers because they send the light and sound around us and

turn them into electrical impulses that the brain can interpret These electrical impulses that have been transformed by the eyes and ears reach the brain and are turned into massages that we can interpret For the eye, the process begins as the eye admits light waves, bends them at the cornea and lens, and then

focuses them on the retina At the back of each eye, nerve fibers bundle together to form optic nerves, which join and then split into optic tracts Some of the fibers cross so that part of the input from the right

visual field goes into the left side of the brain, and vice versa The process in the ear is carried out through sensory cells that are carried in fluid-filled canals and that are extremely sensitive to vibration

Sound that is transformed into electricity travels along nerve fibers in the auditory nerve These fibers form a synapse with neurons that carry the massages to the auditory cortex on each side of the brain

Question 131: According to the author, we might call our eyes and ears "transformers" because _.

A they sense light and sound B the brain can interpret the input

C they create electrical impulses D the massages travel in the brain

Question 132: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “admits” in line 4?

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Question 133: What does the word “them” in line 2 refers to?

A eyes and ears B light and sound C transformers D electrical impulses Question 134: According to the passage, when input from the right visual field goes into the left side of

the brain, what happens?

A The nerve fibers bundle together B The optic nerves split.

C The retina receives light waves D Input from the left field goes to the right side Question 135: The phrase “carried out” could be best replaced by which of the following?

A brought over B taken away C accomplished D maintained

Alzheimer's disease impairs a person's ability to recall memories, both distant and as recent as a

few hours before Although there is not yet a cure for the illness, there may be hope for a cure with a protein called nerve growth factor The protein is produced by nerve cells in the same region of the brain where Alzheimer's occurs Based on this relationship, scientists from the University of Lund in Sweden and the University of California at San Diego designed an experiment to test whether doses of nerve growth factor could reverse the effects of memory loss caused by Alzheimer's Using a group of rats with impaired memory, the scientists gave half of the rats doses of nerve growth factor while giving the other half a blood protein as a placebo, thus creating a control group At the end of the four-week test, the rats given the nerve growth factor performed equally to rats with normal memory abilities While the

experiments do not show that nerve growth factor can stop the general process of deterioration caused

by Alzheimer's, they do show potential as a means to slowing the process significantly.

Question 136: With what topic is this passage mainly concerned?

A Impaired memory of patients B Cures for Alzheimer's disease

C The use of rats as experimental subjects D Nerve growth factor as a cure for Alzheimer's Question 137: The word “impairs” in line 1 is most similar to which of the following?

Question 138: According to the passage, where is nerve growth factor produced in the body?

A In nerve cells in the spinal column B In red blood cells in the circulatory system

C In nerve cells in the brain D In the pituitary gland

Question 139: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A Alzheimer's disease is deadly.

B Though unsuccessful, the experiments did show some benefits derived from nerve growth factor.

C The experiments did not show any significant benefits from nerve growth factor.

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D More work needs to be done to understand the effects of nerve growth factor.

Question 140: The passage most closely resembles which of the following patterns of organization?

A chronological order B statement and illustration

Question 141: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "deterioration"?

Question 142: Which of the following could best replace the word "significantly"?

A considerably B knowingly C suggestively D tirelessly

Question 143: The relationship between nerve growth factor and a protein is similar to the relationship

between Alzheimer's and

Exercise 23: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

(1) The initial contact between American Indians and European settlers usually involved trade,

whereby Indians acquired tools and firearms and the Europeans obtained furs These initial events usually pitted Indian tribes against each other as they competed for the European trade and for the lands containing fur-producing animals When the furs had been depleted, the Europeans began a campaign to obtain the lands the Indians occupied The Indians often formed confederations and alliances to fight back the Europeans; however, the Indians’ involvement in the white people’s wars usually disrupted these confederations Indians resisted the attempts by the whites to displace them They fought defensive wars such as the Black Hawk War in 1832 Indian uprisings also occurred, like the Sioux uprising in the 1860s

(2) Despite the resistance of the Indians, the Europeans were destined to win the conflict After

Indian resistance was crushed, the whites legitimized the taking of Indian lands by proposing treaties,

frequently offering gifts to Indian chiefs to get them sign the treaties Once an Indian group had signed a treaty, the whites proceeded to remove them from their land Often the Indians were forced west of the Mississippi into Indian Territory-land the whites considered uninhabitable If only a few Indians remained after the conquest, they were often absorbed by local tribes or forced onto reservations

(3) No aspect of American history is more poignant than the accounts of the forced removal of

Indians across the continent As white settlers migrated farther west, Indians were forced to sign new

treaties giving up the lands earlier treaties had promised them Some Indian tribes, realizing the futility of

resistance, accepted their fate and moved westward without force The Winnebagos, who offered little resistance, were shifted from place to place between 1829 and 1866 About half of them perished during

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their perpetual sojourn Other tribes, however, bitterly resisted The Seminoles signed a treaty in 1832 but violently resisted removal Hostilities broke out in 1835 and continued for seven years The United States government lost nearly 1,500 men and spent over $50 million in its attempts to crush Seminole resistance Most of Seminoles were eventually forced to Indian Territory However, several hundred remained in the Florida Everglades, where their descendants live today

A Violation of treaties by white settlers.

B Conflict between American Indians and Europeans settlers.

C The diverse cultures of American Indian tribes.

D Trade between American Indians and European settlers.

Question 145: The word “legitimized” in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to _.

A encouraged B wrote to support C justified D coordinated

Question 146: It can be concluded from the line 8-10 that _.

A Both Indians and European wanted to end the conflict by signing treaties

B Indian chiefs were easily bribed by economic offerings

C Europeans showed great speaking skill in their treaty proposals

D Europeans had greater military, political, and economic power than Indians

Question 147: The author makes the point that Indian Territory was _.

A where a few Indians remained

B in the western part of Mississippi.

C where several battles between Indians and whites took place.

D considered undesirable by European settlers.

Question 148: According to the passage, which of the following did NOT happen?

A Treaties allowed Indians to live where they wanted.

B Indians tribes formed alliances with other tribes.

C Indians were forced to live on reservations.

D Indians rebelled against European settlers.

Exercise 24: Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

No educational medium better as means of spatial communication than the atlas Atlases deal with

such invaluable information as population distribution and density One of the best, Pennycooke's World

Atlas, has been widely accepted as a standard owing to the quality of its maps and photographs, which not only show various settlements but also portray them in a variety of scales In fact, the very first map in the

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atlas is a cleverly designed population cartogram that projects the size of each country if geographical

size were proportional to population Following the proportional layout, a sequence of smaller maps

shows the world’s population density, each country’s birth and death rates, population increase or decrease, industrialization, urbanization, gross national product in terms of per capita income, the quality

of medical care, literacy, and language To give readers a perspective on how their own country fits in with the global view, additional projections depict the world's patterns in nutrition, calorie and protein consumption, health care, number of physicians per unit of population, and life expectancy by region

Population density maps on a subcontinental scale, as well as political maps Convey the diverse

demographic phenomena of the world in a broad array of scales

Question149: What is the main topic of the passage?

A The educational benefits of atlases B Physical maps in an atlas.

C The ideal in the making of atlases D Partial maps and their uses.

Question150: According to the passage, the first map in Pennycooke's World Atlas shows .

A the population policy in each country B the hypothetical sizes of each country

C geographical proportions of each country D national boundaries relative to population

Question 151: In the passage, the word “invaluable” is closet in meaning to .

Question 152: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

Question 153: The word “layout” in the passage refers to _.

A the cartogram B the geographical size

C population D each country

Question 154: It can be inferred from the passage that maps can be used to _.

A pinpoint ethnic strife in each country

B identify a shortage of qualified labor

C give readers a new perspective on their own country

D show readers photographs in a new form

Question 155: The author of the passage implies that _.

A atlases provide a bird's eye view of countries B maps use a variety of scales in each projection

C maps of countries differ in size D atlases can be versatile instrument

Question 156: The word “convey” in the passage is closest meaning to _.

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(1) Just as optical fibers have transformed communication, they are also revolutionizing medicine These ultra- thin, flexible fibers have opened a window into the living tissues of the body By inserting optical fibers through natural openings or small incisions and threading them along the body's established

pathways, physicians can look into the lungs, intestines, heart and other areas that were formerly

inaccessible to them

(2) The basic fiber-optics system is called fiberscope, which consists of two bundles of fibers One, the illuminating bundle, carries light to the tissues Is is coupled to a high-intensity light source Light

enters the cores of the high-purity silicon glass and travels along the fibers A lens at the end of the

bundle collects the light and focuses it into the other bundle, the imaging bundle Each fiber in the bundle transmits only a tiny fraction of the total image The reconstructed image can be viewed through an eyepiece or displayed on a television screen During the last five years, improved methods of fabricating optical fibers have led to a reduction in fiberscope diameter and an increase in the number of fibers,

which in turn has increased resolution

(3) Optical fibers can also be used to deliver laser light By use of laser beams, physicians can perform surgery inside the body, sometimes eliminating the need for invasive procedures in which healthy tissue must be cut through to reach the site of disease Many of these procedures do not require anesthesia and can be performed in a physician's office These techniques have reduced the risk and the cost of medical care

Question 157: What is the main topic of the passage?

A A revolution in communication B The invention of optical fibers.

C New surgical techniques D The roles of optical fibers in medicine.

Question 158: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “formerly” in paragraph 1?

Question 159: According to the passage, what is the purpose of the illuminating bundle in a fiberscope?

A To carry light into the body B To collect and focus light

C To reconstruct images D To perform surgery inside the body

Question 160: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cores” in paragraph 2?

Question 161: According to the passage, how do the fiberscopes used today differ from those used in five

years ago?

A They use brighter light B They are longer.

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C They contain more fibers D They are larger in diameter.

(1) Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the

dominant language of international communication English as we know it today emerged around 1350,

after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion

of 1066 Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as two centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade

(including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world As these communities proliferated, English

gradually became the primary language of international business, banking and diplomacy

(2) Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is

English Two - thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers - Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are nonnative speakers, constituting the largest number of nonnative users than any other language in the world

Question 162: What is the main topic of this passage?

A The number of nonnative users of English

B The French influence on the English Language

C The expansion of English as an international language

D The use of English for science and Technology

Question 163: The word “emerged” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by which of the following?

Question 164: Approximately when did English begin to be used to beyond England?

Question 165: According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around

the world EXCEPT _

A the slave trade B missionaries C colonization D the Norman invasion Question 166: The word “enclaves” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by which of the following?

Question 167: The word “proliferated” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Question 168: The word “stored” in paragraph 2 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

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A bought B saved C spent D valued

Question 169: According to the passage, approximately how many nonnative users of English are there

in the world today?

A a quarter million B half a million C 350 million D.700 million

answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

(1) Interest is the sum charged for borrowing money for a fixed period of time Principal is the term

used for the money that is borrowed, and the rate of interest is the percent per year of the principal

charged for its use Most of the profits for a bank are derived from the interest that they charge for the use

of their own or their depositor’s money

(2) All problems in interest may be solved by using one general equation that may be stated as follows:

Interest = Principal X Rate X Time (3) Any one of the four quantities – that is, interest, principal, rate, or time – may be found when the other three are known The time is expressed in years The rate is expressed as a decimal fraction Thus, 6 percent interest means six cents charged for the use of $1 of principal borrowed for one year Although

the time may be less than, equal to, or greater than one year, most applications for loans are for periods of

less than one year For purpose of computing interest for short periods, the commercial year or 360 days

is commonly used, but when large sums of money are involved, exact interest is computed on the basis of

365 days

Question 170: With what topic is this passage primarily concerned?

Question 171: The word “fixed” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

Question 172: At 4 percent interest for the use of $1 principal, how much would one pay?

Question 173: Which of the following would be a correct expression of an interest rate as stated in the

equation for computing interest?

Question 174: Most applications for loans are for

A one year B less than one year C more than one year D 360 days

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(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of protoplasm,

constitute a classification of the most primitive forms of animal life They are fantastically diverse, but three major groups may be identified on the basis of their motility The Mastigophora have one or more long tails, which they use to project themselves forward The Ciliata, which use the same basic means for locomotion as the Mastigophora, have a larger number of short tails The Sarcodina, which include amoebae, float or row themselves about on their crusted bodies

(2) In addition to their form of movement, several other features discriminate among the three

groups of protozoans For example, at least two nuclei per cell have been identified in the Ciliata, usually

a large nucleus that regulates growth but decomposes during reproduction, and a smaller one that contains the genetic code necessary to generate the large nucleus

(3) Protozoans are considered animals because, unlike pigmented plants to which some protozoans

are otherwise almost identical, they do not live on simple organic compounds Their cell demonstrates all

of the major characteristics of the cells of higher animals

(4) Many species of protozoans collect into colonies, physically connected to each other and

responding uniformly to outside stimulae Current research into this phenomenon, along with

investigations carried out with advanced microscopes may necessitate a redefinition of what constitutes protozoans, even calling into question the basic premise that they have only one cell Nevertheless, with the current data available, almost 40,000 species of protozoans have been identified No doubt, as the technology improves our methods of observation, better models of classification will be proposed

Question 175: Where do protozoans probably live?

Question 176: What is protoplasm?

A A class of protozoan

B The substance that forms the cell of a protozoan

C A primitive animal similar to a protozoan

D An animal that developed from a protozoan

Question 177: To which class of protozoans do the amoebae belong?

Question178: What is the purpose of the large nucleus in the Ciliata?

A It generates the other nucleus.

B It contains the genetic code for the small nucleus.

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C It regulates growth.

D It reproduces itself.

Question 179: Why are protozoans classified as animals?

A They do not live on simple organic compounds.

B They collect in colonies.

C They respond uniformly to outside stimulate.

D They may have more than one cell.

Question 180: The word “uniformly” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A in the same way B once in a while C all of a sudden D in the long run

Question 181: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to

A protozoans B microscopes C investigations D colonies

Question 182: Which of the following statements are NOT true of protozoans?

A There are approximately 40,000 species.

B They are the most primitive forms of animal life.

C They have a large cell and a smaller cell.

D They are difficult to observe.

answer sheet to

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classicaland medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant

readingaloud Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because readingaloud was a distraction to others Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silentreading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasksthemselves changed in character

The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers As thenumber of readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined and thus there was somereduction in the need to read aloud As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so

came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages

andoffices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers

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Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books shouldbe used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials such asnewspapers was in some way mentally weakening Indeed, this argument remains with us still ineducation However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced bythe printed mass media

on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialised readership onthe other.

By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to

booksand to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader The

social,cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied

Question 183: Reading aloud was more common in the medieval world because

A few people could read to themselves

B there were few places available for private reading

C silent reading had not been discovered

D people relied on reading for entertainment

Question 184: The word “commonplace” in the first paragraph mostly means “ ”.

A attracting attention B for everybody’s use C most preferable D widely used

Question 185: The development of silent reading during the last century indicated

A an increase in the number of books B an increase in the average age of readers

C a change in the status of literate people D a change in the nature of reading

Question 186: Silent reading, especially in public places, flourished mainly because of

A the decreasing need to read aloud B the development of libraries

C the increase in literacy D the decreasing number of listeners

Question 187: It can be inferred that the emergence of the mass media and specialised reading materials

was an indication of

A a decline of standards of literacy B a change in the readers’ interest

C an improvement of printing techniques D an alteration in educationalists’ attitudes

The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center that convert hydrogen to helium The Sun has existed in its present state for about four billion six hundred million years and is thousands of times larger than the Earth

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By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the rest of the Sun’s life will be like About five billion years from now, the core of the Sun will shrink and become hotter The surface temperature will fall The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate of thermonuclear reactions The outer regions of the Sun will expand approximately 35 million miles, about the distance to Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun The Sun will then be a red giant star Temperatures on the Earth will become too high for life to exist

Once the Sun has used up its thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink After it shrinks to the size of the Earth, it will become a white dwarf star The Sun may throw off huge amounts

of gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white dwarf

After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have lost its heat Such a star is called a black dwarf After the Sun has become a black dwarf, the Earth will be dark

and cold If any atmosphere remains there, it will have frozen over the Earth’s surface

Question 188: It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun _.

A has been in existence for 10 billion years

B is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf

C will continue to be a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion years

D is rapidly changing in size and brightness

Question 189: When the Sun becomes a red giant, what will the atmosphere be like on the Earth?

A It will become too hot for life to exist.

B It will be enveloped in the expanding surface of the sun.

C It will freeze and become solid.

D It will be almost destroyed by nova explosions.

Question 190: Large amounts of gases may be released from the Sun at the end of its life as a

A white dwarf B red giant C yellow dwarf D black dwarf

Question 191: As a white dwarf, the Sun will be _.

A a cool and habitable planet B the same size as the planet Mercury

C thousands of times smaller than it is today D around 35 million miles in diameter

Question 192: The Sun will become a black dwarf when

A the outer regions of the Sun expand B it has used up all its fuel as a white dwarf

C the Sun moves nearer to the Earth D the core of the Sun becomes hotter

Question 193: The word “there” in the last sentence of paragraph 4 refers to _.

C the outer surface of the Sun D the planet Mercury

Question 194: This passage is intended to _.

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