— Notes on some Species of Draivida and Pheretima with Descriptions of Three New Species of Pheretima

Genus Draivida Michaelsen 1900 306 D. barwelli (Beddard) 1886 306 D. longatria Gates 1925 309 Genus Pheretima Kinberg 1867 309 P. bifida sp. nov 310 P. californica Kinberg 1867 312 P. callosa sp. nov 313 P. copulata sp. nov 315 P. diffringens (Baird) 1869 317 P. elongata (E. Perrier) 318 P. esafatae (Beddard) 1899 318 P. hawayana (Rosa) 1891 320 P. indica (Horst) 1883 320 P. longa (Michaelsen) 1891 321 P. montana Kinberg 1867 324 P. morrisi (Beddard) 1892 327 P. peguana (Rosa) 1890 327 P. philippina (Rosa) 1891 327 P. posthuma (L. Vaillant) 1868 329 P. sangirensis (Michaelsen) 1891 330 P. sieboldi (Horst) 1883 331 P. upoluensis (Beddard) 1887 332 P. species? 334 References 335

This paper presents some of the results of an examination of

certain earthworms from three American museums, the Museum ofComparative Zoology in Cambridge, the American Museum ofNatural History in New York, and the United States National Mu-

seum in Washington; and from two European Museums, the BritishMuseumin London and Das Zoologische Museumin Hamburg ThewriterisindebtedtoDr.Van Name,Dr.Waldo Schmitt, Dr C C A.Monro, and Dr W. Michaelsen for the opportunity of studying thespecimens fromtheirrespectiveinstitutions To Dr.ThomasBarbour,

Director of the Museumof Comparative Zoology, the writer is

espe-cially indebted for the courtesy of accommodation in the museum

during the winter of 1934-35

Attention has been directed in previous papers to the

descriptionof thegenitalmarkingsandother external characteristics

Removal of the cuticle, may, of course, be difficult especially on

hardenedandbrittlealcoholics Butit isoftenonjustsuch specimensthat important markings are rendered indistinct or even actuallyinvisiblebythe presenceof thecuticle. To illustratethevalueof thisdissectiontwodescriptions,onewrittenbefore,the otherafterremoval

ofthecuticlearequotedherewith

"The male porophores are transversely oval, not sharply marcated and extend at least to 17/18 and 18/19" (before removal

protuberant,definitelydemarcatedbyaslight,circumferentialfurrow

andextend nearlybut notquiteto 17/18and 18/19" (afterremoval)

Itshouldbe noted that exactly thesame magnification and

illumina-tion wasusedinobtainingbothofthesecharacterizations

Genus Drawida MichaelsenDrawida Michaelsen 1900, Das Tierreich, 10, p 114. (Genotype, Monili-

gaster barwelliBeddard, 1886.)

Drawida barwelli (Beddard)

Moniligasterbarwelli Beddard, Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser. 5, 17, p 94, 1886;

R Soc. Edinburgh, 36, p 2, 1891; Monog of the order Oligochaeta,Oxford, p 200, 1895 (excluding M. beddardi.)

Drawidabarwelli Michaelsen1900 (part), DasTierreich, 10,p 116.

(Exclud-ingM.beddardi RosaandM.speciesHorst.)

In 1900 when Michaelsen split off from Moniligaster the specieswithsimplespermathecalatriatoformthegenus Drawida,M.barwelli

was designatedas thetype ofthe newgenus. Since thattimeworms

from such widelyseparatedlocalitiesasthe Caroline Islands,Lombok

and diverse regions of India have been referred to this species Asthegenotype and also becauseof its unusually widedistribution (for

M. barwclli was erected on a series of twenty aelitellate mens from Manila, P I. In the periodfrom 1SS6 to 1891 all ofthetypes were either dissected, sectioned or mounted Whether any of

speci-thesespecimensarestill in existence,andif so, in conditiontopermitstudy,is unknown.

At the time (1886) there was known only one other species of

Moniligaster, M. deshayesi E Perrier 1872, and from the latter, M.barwclliwassupposed to be distinguishedbythe smallersizeand thelackofan anterior pairoftestes. Both ofthesedistinctionsare,how-

ever, ofno importance at the present time The original description

furnishes the following information

Length, not more than l}/£ inch Setae closely paired. Male

pores, "two oval slit-like orifices with tumidyellowishlipswhicharethemalegenerative orifices, and aresituatedbetween segments9and

10 between the ventral and dorsal pairs of setae." (p. 95) Four

gizzards, "inone specimenatanyrate." Spermathecaeinvii,without

setae" (!). Testesin ixor in septum 8/9 From figurefour (pi.3) itwould appear that the vas deferens is usually short, that the malepores (?) are in be slightly nearerto b than c, and that the prostatesare sessile.

In a later paper ('87) Beddard again states that the male poresare in 9/10 but the spermathecal pores are now definitely placed in

re-ceptacula seminis or seminal vesicles. The prostate is said to be "asmall oval body," "lined throughout with a singlelayer ofglandular

lookingcells, outside which are several layers of muscularfibres andoutside these again peculiarly modified peritonealcells."

In a third paper ('88) the prostateis said to havea largelumen and "the external covering iscomposed of numbersof large granular

(pi. 12) an oviduct is shown opening to the exterior on x directlybehinda seta (!).

In the fourth paper ('91) Beddard points out that he had viously failed to notice the setae of segment ii which are said to besmaller than those ofsucceeding segments and as a result segments

pre-i and ii had been regarded as one segment A few additional bits of

information are includedinthispaper Diameter, onetenthofaninch

"Theonly aperturesuponthe outside ofthe bodyare theatrialpores

in segment x" (spermathecal pores? dorsal pores?) Thegizzards arenow said to be three in xiv to xvi,though in figure 10 the gizzards

areinxiiito xvwhile "inanotherspecimen,probably notM.Barwellitheyare furtherback" (p 13). The setae differgreatlyinsize. Thereare dorsal pores (!). Septa 5/6to8/9are thickened Thehearts arein

vi to xiv (!). The sperm sac (= testis sac) is either in ix or x or in

9/10 No trace of ovaries could be discovered In figure 1

(pi. 25)the male pores are shown as short transverse slits on transverselyoval, postsetalareason x. In figure 7 ofthesame plate theprostom-ium is ventral to the mouth and the "supra-oesophageal ganglion"

isventraltothegut( !),orelsethe setae aredorsal! Infigures8and 10segment xi is represented as normal, i.e., uncontracted to form theovarian chamber

The absence of an ovarian chamber and of ovisacs definitely

indicates that the types were not sexually mature, while Beddard'sfailureto findovariesand freeova almost ascertainlyshows that thetypeswere veryjuvenile Inspecimens tooyoungtoshowrudiments

of ovaries,ova, ovarianchamberor ovisacsit isscarcelyprobable thatthe male pores would be recognizable as definite apertures At this

stage they are usually represented by little more than tiny, cent, greyish patches ofthe epidermis The male porophores figured

translu-by Beddard may of course be the precociously developed rudiments

of one of the invaginate types of male genital terminalia but more

probablyrepresentgenitalmarkings At anyrate thereisnocertainty

as towhatisrepresented

Furthermore, in specimens so young, it is also improbable thatthe prostates or thespermathecaewould be sufficiently developed to

enable recognition of the definitive specific characteristics of these

structures Thesessile conformationofthe prostates andthe absence

ofspermathecal atria can be acceptedas specific characteristics only

ifand whenthespecimensaremature

In order to define a species in the genus Drawida the following

characteristicsmustbeknown:setal relationships,locationofthemaleporesandcharacteristics ofthemalegenital terminalia, position ofthe

spermathecal pores, number and location of the genital markings,length ofthe vas deferens, shapeof the central bodyof the prostate,type of ovarian chamber, type of genital marking glands, extent ofovisacsandcharacteristics ofthespermathecalatria. As against this

requirement,we knowonlythatinD.barwellithe anterior setae are

en-larged,that thespermathecal pores are in 7/8in cd,andthat possiblytheremaybetwogenitalmarkings onthepostsetalportionofx. None

ofthese characteristics isofmuch significance except in combination

therefore, only of the type locality and that the specimens are

refer-able to thegenus Drawida Nothing further is known ofthe

Monili-gastrid fauna of the Philippines. The species can be recognized onlyafterthecollectionandstudyofadult topotypes

It is at least probable that later worms referred to D barwelli

similar state of youth in which adult and hence definitive specificcharacteristicscannot be determined

Drawida longatria GatesDraivida longatria Gates 1925, Ann Mag Nat Hist ser. 9, 16, p. 50. (Typelocality,Rangoon, Burma Typeinauthor'scollection.)

Moniligaster straeleni Michaelsen 1930, Med K Nat Mus Belg., 6, no. 2,

locality, Palembang, Sumatra.)

Material examined.— From the Hamburg Museum, one softened specimen

labelled, "V 11641 Moniligasterstraeleni Mich v Straelen. Sumatra."Thisspecimen,probably oneofthetypes, had been openedandsomeofthe

end

The male porophore, aside from the relaxation due to softening,

is exactly the same as that on the types of D longatria. On xii, in

be, thereisacharacteristic longatria genitalmarking

The prostate is spirally coiled The vas deferens passes into theextremeentalendofthe prostate orveryclosethereto

Remarks M. straelenicannot bedistinguishedby any

extremely elongate and slenderly tubular but simple spermathecalatria of longatriaare quite unlike the bifid, muscularatrium, withitslobulated glandular masses, that alone distinguishes Moniligasterfrom Drawida

Genus Pheretima KinbergPheretima Kinberg 1867, Ofv Akad Forh., 23, p. 102. (Genotype, bysub-sequent designation—Michaelsen, 1907, Pheretima montana Kinberg

1867.)

A word ofexplanation may be necessary with regard tothe

genus Theprimary spermathecal

pore,regardlessofsize,isconsidered

tobethe apertureby whichthe united canalsofthe diverticulumandtheductopen to the exterior This primary poremay be superficial,

i.e., at the surface of the body, or invaginate, i.e., within a parietalinvagination The invagination may be confined to the body wall

ormaybemoreorlessconspicuouslyprotuberantinto the coelom If

superficialtheporemay be minute as in P diffringens (Baird) 1869

or large as in P yhilippina (Rosa) 1891 If invaginate thepore isusually minute

The size of the primary pore and its method of opening to the

exterior directly or indirectly through an invagination is not subject

to intra-specific variation. In absence ofinformation with regard tothese points,aspeciescannot befullydiagnosed.

Pheretima bifida spec. nov

Material examined.— From the Mus Comp Zool., 1 clitellate (no 1) and 1

W M.Mann No.2027."and2clitellatespecimens(nos3and4) labelled,

"Paiua, Ugi, Solomon Islands. W M. Mann No 2028." All oftheseworms are brittle and coiled.

Length, about 100 mm. Diameter, 4mm.

Setae are present on ii at least ventrally; the circle of xvi

com-plete; no 1, xvii/11, xviii/10, xix/16; no 2, xvii/15, xviii/9, xix/12;

no.4,xvii/15, xviii/10,xix/14.

Theclitellum extendsfrom an anterior portionofxivtothe setae

of xvi; on thepartiallyclitellate specimen setae are present ventrally

onxivandxv

Thefemalepores are paired.

The spermathecal pores are minute and

superficial; ten pairs,twopairs eachin4/5-8/9; the poresofa pair 1-2intersetal intervalsapart, the median pores of a furrow separated by a midventral dis-

tance equal to 6 to 8 intersetal intervals. On the clitellate specimen(no 1) the lateral pore ofthe right side of 8/9is lacking On no 4one poreislackingontheleftside of4/5 butthereisanextra porein7/8 onthesameside.

Themalepores areminuteandsuperficial, atthe centresof

trans-verselyoval,smooth,small areasinthesetalcircleofxviii. Each male

porophore is immediately preceded and followed by a transverselyplaced, slightly tumescent, whitish area, rather crescentic in shapewiththeconcaveside ofthe crescent facing themale The

appearance of the male pore region is somewhat similar to that of

Megascolex mauritii (Kinberg) 1867

Thegenital markings are transverselyoval, paired, and presetal;

2 intersetal intervals wide transversely, the preclitellar markingsseparated bya midventral distance equalto 2-3intersetal intervals,

thepostclitellarmarkings by a distance equal to 5-9 intersetal

poro-phore is nearly normal buttherightporophoredoesnot appeartobenormally developed; the body wall is however eroded in this region

Both pairs of preclitellargenitalmarkingsare presentbutofthe

oneon xx ontheleft side.

Septum 8/9 is lacking; 9/10 present but thin; 10/11 to 12/13thickly muscular

The intestine begins in xv (2). The intestinal caeca are simple,veryshort, inxxvi-xxv or xxvi-xxiv; bluntlyroundedanteriorly.

The lastpair of hearts is in xii (2). The singleheart of ix is onthe left side (2). The hearts of x are not closely bound to the an-

terior face of 10/11. The hearts of xi are not included within the

testis sac.

to 10/11 nor enclosing the hearts of x and remarkably like seminal

vesicles in theirappearance Thetestissacofxi isalso U-shaped,thelimbs oftheUreachinginto the dorsal half ofthesegment but notto

thedorsalbloodvessel Theseminalvesicles ofxi areincluded within

vesiclesarenarroweddorsallytoarod-likeappendagewhichiscurved

On the ventral margin ofeachofthe seminal vesicles ofxii is a cleft

that passes dorsally, the rather slenderly columnar portion of the

vesiclethuscutoff issofterthantheother portionoftheorganand isattachedbyits ventral endtothe posterior faceof 12/13just behindthe ovary The prostates arein xviii to xxi or xxii. The duct is C-shaped witha tiny ental quirk;thickenedectually.

The spermathecal duct is not markedly narrowed as it passes

into the parietes and is shorter than the ampulla The diverticulumpassesintothebodywallonthe anterior faceoftheductand into theductjustwithin theparietes, doesnotreach entallymuch beyondthe

oftheentalportion indicatesthatspermatozoaarepresent.

Noglandular materialisvisibleinthecoelominthe regionof the

genital markings, the longitudinal musculature apparently rupted

uninter-Remarks P bifida is distinguished from P bleckwenni Ude 1925

bythe presenceoftwoadditionalpairs ofspermathecalpores locatedin

4/5, the greatersize, the shortness of the clitellum, the completeness

ofthesetalcircleofxvi,the pairedfemalepores,thenumerousgenital

markings and their location, theabsenceof the heartsofxiii,and the

inclusion ofthe anterior seminalvesicleswithin theposteriortestis sac.

Pheretima californica KinbergPheretima californica Kinberg 1867 (part), Ofv Akad Forh., 23, p 102.

(Typelocality, SausolitaBay, California. Typeand twoparatypesfromSanFranciscointheStockholm Museum.)

Material examined.— From theU S. Nat Mus., 1 clitellate and 1 aclitellate

specimenlabelled," Atuona Vail. Hivaoa MarquesasIs. 200 ft III.28

29. MumfordandAdamsoncollectors." Bothspecimens,fromthePacific

Entomological Survey, are macerated Fromthesame museum, 3

clitel-late

tspecimens labelled, "Sao Paulo, Brazil. Moenkhaus '97 or '98.

No.1318."

Length, about 100 mm. Diameter, three to five mm.

Thesetae beginoniion which segmentthereisacompletecircle.

Setaeformulaeareasfollows:—

38/viii, 49/xii,52/xx;viii/17,xvii/22,xviii/15, xix/23; viii/17, xvii/17, xviii/13, xix/17: 44/viii, 57/xii,

61/xx;viii/19,xvii/24, xviii/17,xix/23:39/viii,56/xx;viii/15,xvii/19,xviii/12,xix/18: 35/viii, 51/xx; xvii/19, xviii/14, xix/17

Thefirstdorsalporeisin 11/12 (5).

The spermathecal pores are minute and superficial; two pairs,

ofa columnar protuberance about onehalf mmin diameter

Therearenogenitalmarkings.

Septa8/9-9/10 are lacking; from 10/11 to 14/15 the opacity of

the septa decreases graduallybuteven not thick

Theintestine beginsin xv Theintestinal caeca are simple, withseptal constrictionsandone to eightveryshort lobulationsoftheven-

tralmarginposteriorly

The single heart of ix is on the left side in four specimens; theremaining specimen with a pair of hearts belonging toix. All hearts

ofix to xiii pass into the ventral blood vessel; the last hearts in xiii

in all fivespecimens Theheartsof xto xiiiare bound by connective

tissue to the anteriorfaces ofsepta 10/11-13/14

blood vesselisimbedded intheroofs ofthese sacs. Theprostates are

Ectally theduct narrowsandclose totheparietesis bent into several

short quirkswhicharecovered overandconcealedbyconnectivetissue

insuchawayas toproduce an appearanceofa small copulatoryberslightly protuberant intothe coelom. In none ofthese specimens

cham-dothe maleinvaginations actuallyprotrude intothe coelom, possibly

asaresult of partialrelaxationandprotrusion.

The spermathecal ductisshorterthan theampulla butitsmic portion is actually about twice as long as at first appears, as a

coelo-result ofinvagination into the ampulla The duct increases in

thick-ness passing ectally, attaining its greatest diameter at the point of

entranceofthediverticulumandis then narrowedasitpassesintothe

parietes The diverticulum is elongately tubular, with little if anyexternal evidence of differentiation into stalk and seminal chamber,variously coiledor looped, passinginto the ductclose tothe parietes.

In the gelatinized Marquesas specimens the seminal chamber can bedistinguished by the iridescence of the contained spermatozoa whilethe shorter stalk portion can be recognized by its muscular sheen

It is worthyof especial note that the diverticula of thespermathecae

of the aclitellate Marquesas specimen are characterized by an descence that usuallyindicatesthe presenceofspermatozoa

iri-Pheretima callosa spec. nov

Materialexamined FromtheU S. Nat Mus 1 clitellate specimen labelled,

"Luzon, Benguet Province P I. Heights inthe Oaks Alt. 7,000 feet.

E A Mearns July 1907. No 47782."

Length, 330 mm. Diameter, 16mm.

Thesetae beginoniion whichsegmentthereisacompletecircle ;

Theclitellumisannularandextendsfrom 13/14to16/17. Therearenosetae Thereisasinglefemale pore onxiv.

The spermatheeal pores are superficial, large, transverse slitswith swollen margins, nearly 1 mm inwidth; threepairs in 6/7-8/9

The male pores are invaginate, the apertures of the copulatorychambers transverselyslit-like.

Therearenogenitalmarkingsexternally.

Septum 8/9 is, apparently, represented only by a thin,

trans-parent, ventral rudiment; 10/11-13/14 are thickly muscular; 9/10lacking

The intestine begins in xv The intestinal caeca are simple, themargins smoothexceptfor septal constrictions

Thereisapair ofhearts belonging toix. Thelastpair ofhearts

isinxiii. Allheartsofixtoxiiipassintothe ventralvessel.

vesicles ofxi andxiiarerelatively small, verticalbodieswith adorsal

portion constrictedofffromthe ventral lamina, thetwopartsofaboutthesamediameter Thepseudovesicles ofxiiiarealmostas large astheseminal vesicles. The pseudovesicles ofxiv are fairlywell developedbutare smallerthanthoseofxiii. Theprostatesare, relatively,rathersmallandareconfinedtoxviii. Theductisstraight andthreetofour

mm.long. Itpassesinto the roofof the copulatorychamber towards

or atthemedianmargin. Thecopulatorychambersarelargeandspicuously protuberant into the coelom The chamber is elongatelyovoidalandeasilyseparated, exceptfor an anteroposteriorlyflattenedneck which passes to the external aperture, from the longitudinalmuscularlayer,withinwhich it is partiallyimbedded Fromthe roof

con-of the chamber there hangs down into the lumen a thickly conical

penis which is about 2 mm long. The dorsal portion of the penis isfirm and contains the ectal end of the prostatic duct. The ventralportionofthe penisissoftandwithacollapsed, flattenedappearance

Thetip of the penis is rather deeply cleft into two majorlobes, onelateral andone median,the ventralmarginofthelaterallobemarkedoffinto three smaller lobules The male porehas not been identifieddefinitely butis probablyrepresented by a small pore located in thedorsalmost portion of the cleft between the two majorlips. On theanteriorwallofthechamberaswellason theposteriorwall thereisawide, horizontal cleft or slit at the anterior or posteriorterminus ofwhich is a circular, rather indistinctly delimited, slightly tumescentarea bearing atitscentre asmall, slit-liketoovalpore. Thisaperture

a small cavity within the thickmassof tissuethat comprises

the anteriororthe posterior wallofthe copulatorychamber Thewall

ofthe cavity isprovided withslight rugositiesand the lumenislined

the limbs of the loops in contact and bound together by connective

externallyisnotsharplymarked offfrom theseminalchamberwhich

islongerthanthestalkandverygraduallyand onlyslightlywidenedpassing entally The seminal chamber can be recognized by theiridescence of the contained spermatozoa which are present notonly

in the rather ovoidal terminal portion but also in one or two of theentalmost loops. The ental end of the diverticulum just reaches up

onto the ampulla, and even after the loops are straightened outscarcely reachestothetipofthe ampulla Thespermathecalampullae

particles of soil. In a spermatheea which was opened there are inaddition, inthe ampulla, four, hard, reddish-translucent, pear-shapedobjects

Remarks Segmentxivis filledwitha brownish, granular materialwhich does not appear to be aggregated into "brown discs." Thereare parasitic cysts in or on the walls of the ampullae or diverticula

of allofthespermathecae

The glands in the anteriorand posterior walls of thecopulatory

chambersare likesimilarlyplaced glands in the copulatory chambers

of P indica (Horst) 1883, P montana Kinberg 1867andP philippina(Rosa) 1891

Pi callosa is distinguished from P philippina which it closely

resemblesbythelargersize,thelarger setalnumbers,therudimentarycondition ofseptum8/9, the vertically clefttip of the penis and thebinding togetherofthe loopsofthespermathecaldiverticula

Pheretima copulata spec, nowMaterial examined FromtheMus.Comp.Zool., 1 clitellatespecimenlabelled,

"Ugi,SolomonIslands. W M.Mann No.2026."

Setae are presentonii,atleastventrally;vi/3, vii/4,viii/5,xvii/8,xviii/4, xix/9,4/xiv, ca. 15/xv, ca.25/xvi.

The elitellum extends over segments xiv-xvi; setae are present

on allsegmentsventrally; femaleporespaired.

The spermatheeal pores are minute, transverse slits, slightlydepressed but apparently superficial; four pairs, in 5/6-8/9, rather

closely paired; the margins of the segments immediately about theporesslightlytumescent

The malepores aretiny, transverseslitsontheslightly

glandular areas thatextend nearlyto 17/18and 18/19. Each area ismarked off by a slight circumferential furrow and is very slightly

protuberant

The genital markings are transversely oval and presetal, each

marking with a rather broad rim sharply demarcated from a smalland transversely oval central portion; two pairs, on xx andxxi. The

markings are 5-7 intersetal intervals wide transversely and areseparatedfromthe oppositememberofthe pairbyamidventralspaceequalto4-7intersetal intervals

Septum8/9islacking;9/10ispresentandrather thickly muscular

The intestine begins in xv The intestinal caeca are simple, in

xxvii-xxiii.

The last pair of hearts isin xiii. The hearts ofx arenot bound

closely to 10/11 Thereisa pairofheartsinix.

from eachother midventrally Eachseminal vesicleofxii isprovided

at one side with a dorsal, rodlike appendage The prostates are in

Thespermatheeal ductisstoutish, shorter thanor aboutaslong

asthe ampulla and sharply marked off therefrom Itpasses into the

parietes near the nerve cord without marked decrease in thickness.Thediverticulumwhichisshorterthantheductiscomposedofaveryshortstalkand alonger,ovoidalseminal chamber andpasses into the

duct just at or just within the parietes. In segments vi and ix thespermatheeal diverticulaare simple,butin viiandviiianental portion

ofeachseminal chamberisconstricted longitudinally sothat the

ter-minal partofthe chamberis double The appearanceisvery similar

to thatof the diverticulum of P zonataMichaelsen 1922 (Cap.Zool

Deel,1,Af 3, p.43, fig 13).

Thereisnoglandular materialvisible in thecoelominthe region

of the genital markings, the longitudinal musculature apparently

Remarks A number of more or less closely related, octothecal,metandric species of Pheretima with spermathecal pores in 5/6-8/9have been erected Ofthese, four species, neoguinensis (Michaelsen)

1892, badiaUde1932, elberti Ude1932, andswelaensisUde 1932have

no intestinal caeca The remaining species are all provided withsimple intestinal caeca and from them copulata is distinguished asfollows:frompapua (Rosa) 1898 bytheabsenceof preclitellar genital

markings, the presenceof postclitellar genital markings, the presence

of9/10 and possibly by differences in the spermathecal diverticula;from spectabilis (Rosa) 1898 by the presence of postclitellar genitalmarkings, the presence of9/10and the stalked spermathecal diverti-cula; fromspectabilisUde 1932bythe absenceof8/9, thepresenceof

heartsin xiiiand the paired testissacs;from pacifica (Beddard) 1899

by the paired genital markings, the absence of 8/9, the presence of

hearts in xiii and the bifid seminal chambers of the spermathecaldiverticula; frompacificaUde 1932 by the posteriorintestinal caeca;from gjellerupi Cognetti 1914 by the absence of preclitellar genital

markings, the presenceof postclitellar genitalmarkingsandthe simplespermathecal diverticula1

; from doormani Michaelsen 1924 by

differ-ences in number and locationofthe genital markings, the absenceof8/9 and the presence of 9/10; from vialis Michaelsen 1924 by thepresence of genital markings and the single diverticulum on eachspermatheca; from bryoniMichaelsenandBoldt 1932 bythe presence

of genital markings,the absenceof8/9, thepaired testissacsand thesmall and bifid spermathecal diverticula; from uetzeli Ude 1932 bythe closer pairing of the spermathecal pores, the presence of genital

markings, the absenceof8/9and the shortstalk of thespermathecaldiverticulum

Pheretima diffringens (Baird)

Megascolex diffringens Baird 1869, Proc Zool Soc. London, p. 40. (Typelocality, Plas Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire, North Wales Type in

Material examined FromtheMus.Comp.Zool., 5 clitellatespecimenslabelled,

"Nadirivatu, Fiji Islands. W. M Mann." and 1 clitellate specimen

labelled, "St. Helena, Uplands, S Side 22.7.34. T Barbour," all

ma-cerated.

1 In gjellerupi Ude1932 the seminalportionof the spermathecal diverticulum istwo of three chambered.

Pheretima elongata (E. Perrier)

Perichaeta elongata E Perrier 1872, N Arch Mus Paris, 6, p 124. (Typelocality, "Peru." Type inthe Paris Museum.)

Materialexamined Fromthe U.S.Nat Mus., 11 clitellatespecimenslabelled,

"Batoran, Luzon Gustav Eisen. Leon Laglouize No 4553," and 6

clitellate specimens labelled, "Negros Island, P I. Bashford Dean

No 38683." The Batoran specimensare softened.

Pheretima esafatae (Beddard)

Perichaeta esafatae Beddard 1899, In Willey, Zool. Res., Cambridge,part 2,

p 187. (Type locality, Esafate, New Hebrides Holotype, if still in

Materialexamined FromtheMus.Comp.Zool., 1 clitellatespecimenlabelled,

"Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz W. M Mann No 2076." From the

U S. Nat Mus., 1 clitellatespecimenlabelled, "Teaotu, HanavaveVail.

Fatuhiva, Marquesas Is. 800 ft ix 19 1930. Le Bronnec Collector,"

Marquesas Is.," 1 clitellate specimen labelled, "Koputukea, Uapou,Marquesas Is xi 16.30," and 1 aclitellate specimen labelled, "Vaikoao,

Oomoa Vail. Fatuhiva, Marquesas Is. Aug 29, 1930. 1600 feet. LeBronnec Collector," all from the Pacific Entomological Survey The

M. C Z.specimenis ingoodcondition Theothers aregelatinized.

Length, about 100 mm. Diameter, 4mm.

Thesetae begin onii. Thesetal formulae are as follows:—

viii, 57/xii, 63/xx; viii/2, xvii/6, xviii/0,xix/7: viii/4, xvii/8, xviii/0,

57/-xix/7: viii/4, xvii/6, xviii/0, xix/7: viii/2, xvii/8, xviii/1, xix/6:

spaced

whichthisporeisdefinitelysmallerthanthe porein 12/13

Thespermathecalpores areminute,superficial,ratherclosetothemidventralline; two pairs, in 7/8-8/9

The male pores are superficial, tiny, transverseslitstowardsthemedian margins of transversely oval, whitish areas that are about

five intersetal intervalswide transversely and which extend from the

setalline to 18/19. The malepores are,accordingly,postsetal Setae

maybe lacking ventrallyon xviii to a pointjust lateral to thelateralmargins of the male porophores (2 specimens) A midventral region

maybedeeply depressed, thelaterallimitofthe depressionjustbeyondthelateralmarginofthegenitalmarkings.

The genital markings are nearly circular, about two intersetalintervals wide and are located, on the Solomon Islands specimen, asfollows:—a presetal

pair each on ix and x, each marking in be; on

x on the right side, a presetal marking in ed; on xvii, one pair, eachmarkingin ac;on 18/19and17/18 onepaireach, markingsjust lateral

tothelateralmarginsofthemale porophores;on19/20, threemarkings,two medianin the region adandone on theleftside infg; on20/21,

twomarkings, each inad

The genital markings of the Marquesas specimens are few andrecognizable onlywithdifficulty. Onthefirstofthesespecimensthere

isonly atiny, circularareaon19/20, ontheright sideandaboutin be.

On the second specimen there is a pair of markings on 19/20, each

markingin ae. Therearenogenital markings onthe thirdand fourthspecimens Onthethirdspecimenthemalepore areas areshapedlike

four-leaf clovers and the margins are very definitely demarcated by massed flecks ofapigmentthatislackingonthe porophore

Septa 8/9-9/10are lacking;nonegreatly thickened.

Theintestinebeginsin xvi,posteriorlyinxv,orwith 15/10. Theintestinal caeca are simple, reaching into xxi, xx or xix; with two,three orseven veryshortlobes ofthe ventralmarginposteriorly.The singleheart of ix ison theright side in three specimens, onthe left side in one specimen. The last pair of hearts is in xiii (4

specimens) The hearts of x are notas closely bound to 10/11 as in

upolucnsis

seminal vesicles ofxiaresmalland vertical andareexcludedfrom the

posteriortestissacs. Theprostatesextend throughxviorxviitoxviii.

Theprostaticductisabout threemmlong, straight except fora tiny

entalquirk concealedbyconnectivetissue. Thestraightportionoftheduct is spindle shaped The duct appears to pass into the parietes

justanteriortoseptum 18/19

The spermathecal duct (Solomon Islands specimen) is not tablynarroweduntildeepwithin theparietes. Thediverticulum passes

no-into the duct just above the parietes and comprises a stalk with amuscular sheen bent into oneor two veryshort loops, an indistinctly

markedoil',slightlywider,moreorlessmoniliform middleportion that

isslightlyconstrictedoh'froma terminal, spheroidal seminalchamber

In theMarquesas.specimens theductis \]/2to 2 timesaslongas

the ampulla,stoutish,abruptly narrowedonlydeepwithin theparietes.