The present study adds to the endemic earthworm fauna of Australia (Megascoleddae), one species of the subfamily Acanthodrilinae {Rhododritus gtandiferzt sp. nov.) amd nine species of the subfamily Megascolecinae, in the tribes Perionychini (Heteroporodrilus montiserraiae, Terrisswalkerius windsori, Cryptodrilus bunyaensix spp nov); Dichogastrini (Digaster tingi, D. morewnensis spp. nov.); and Megascolecini (Oreoxcotex retrocystis sp. nov., Propheretima eungetta gen. el sp. nov., Propheretima hugalli sp. nov., and Spenceriella conondalei sp, nov,), Rhododrtfus glandifera is the second species of this primarily New Zealand genus to be described from Australia (both from Queensland). Jt is possible that it has acquired the microseolecin arrangement of male pores (prostates one pair discharging with the v»sa deferentia in XVII) from a precursor with the acanthodriUn arrangement (prostate pores 2 pairs, in XVII and XIX; male pores in XVIII) independently of the New Zealand species. Type localities of Hetemnnrodrilus nujruiserratae, Tet risswalkerius windsori, Digaster lingi, D. moretonenxis. Oreoscotex retrocystis and Spenceriella conondalei are well within the ranges of their respective genera. However, the insular locality of D. moretonensis, on Moreton Island, is of zoogeographic interest and Cryptodrilus bunyaensis represents a northern extension for its genus. The new genus Propheretima, has been erected for species which resemble the Oriental and AustraloPapuan Pheretima assemblage of genera in having setae between the male pores but which are plesiomorphic in retaining the gizzard in segment V, not in the apomorphic location of VIII seen in all pheretimas. It endorses the view that the ancestry of the Pheretima assemblage was Australian. Rhododrilus> Heteroporodrilus. Terrisswalkerius Cryptodrilus, Digaster, Oreoscolex, Propheretima, Spenceriella, Megaseoleetdae. B.GM. Jamieson, Zoology Department, University ofQueensland
Trang 1Jamieson,B.G.M.19951201:Newspeciesandanewgenus ofearthwormsinthecollections
ofthe Queensland Museum (Megascolecidae; Oligochaeta) Memoirs ofrite Queensland
Museum WI):575-596.Brisbane.ISSN0079-4835
of the subfamily Megascolecinae, in the tribes Perionychini (Heteroporodrilus
discharging with the v*»sa deferentia in XVII) from a precursor with the acanthodriUn
arrangement(prostatepores 2pairs, inXVII and XIX; maleporesinXVIII) independently
Cryptodrilus bunyaensis represents a northern extension for its genus The new genus
Propheretima, has beenerectedforspecieswhichresemblethe Orientaland Australo-Papuan
plesiomorphicinretaining thegizzardinsegment V,notintheapomorphiclocationofVIII
Digas-ter, Oreoscolex, Propheretima,Spenceriella,Megaseoleetdae
B.GM.Jamieson, Zoology Department, UniversityofQueensland, Brisbane,Queensland
4072,Australia; ISeptember1995
Revisionary work on megascoieeid earth- Subfamily ACANTHODRILINAE
wormsofAustralia has led torecognitionoften Rhododrilusglandiferasp.nov
lodgedinthe collectionsofthe Queensland
Mu-seum Three of these species, in the genera ^?^L^l?^^rtr A
-t *
, HOLOTVPE:QMG21I465(Und!ssccted)
Rhododnlus, Terrtsswatkenus, Digaster and a
pARATVPE:QMG211478(PI);QMG211511 <P2;
in-new genusoftheMegascolecini werefixed and eludes slide of anterior end) All specimens frompreservedinethanolby Mr.KeithMcDonald,E- ITJTSJWHm altitude 4<XM40m, Palmerston
Ling andA Hugallforcladisticstudiesonmil*- *a[!
chondnal DNA whichareinprogress Afurther
JQ94
byDr G Dyne and Mr. A Postle and anaddi- DESCRIPTION
lodged in the Museum collections bv Dr R amputee) 195 (P2).Colourpigmentlessin Raven anda museumgroup.Twospecies,inthe ™l *?<°™u™not delemiinable First dorsal
etha-_ sx # _j ^ * j •/ _ r pore 9/10 \H) Setae lumbrtcin, cwsely paired
generaOreoscolexand Oyptodnlus.cctocircm
ft e . wjde] ^ in &V1II.
•heauthorscollection.Thetypelocalitiestor the aa^^cdjd =4.7:1:4.7:1.4:17; or
SouthWales,tothePalmerston National Parkon stronglytumid, saddle-shaped withventral
mar-theAlherton TablelandinnorthQueensland gins shortlylateralofblines.Apairofcombined
Trang 2576 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
prostomium
spermathecal pore
genitalmarking
maleporophor&
1mm
QMG211465.Forebody andclitellar region.
oval porophores, each pore directlybehind two
stronglyprotuberant penialsetae, apairoftubular
from XVII toXXIX. Genital markings:a pairof
markings undevelopedthoughpenial setae
papil-laewhichextendintoVIIIand IX(H)
Dorsalbloodvesselsingle,continuous ontothe
pharynx Last hearts in XIII Gizzard large,
V;
it.Calciferous glands:ineach ofthesixsegments
nacreous elongate sacs which curve upwards
whichtheyinvestoneachsideto itsdorsal aspect;
ina cleared preparationofthe anteriorregionofparalype 2, each is seen to have longitudinalplicationsin itsproximalhalf;the glandsare noteffervescentinacid alcohol.IntestinaloriginXVI
fun-nelsinX andXI;racemoseseminalvesiclesinIX
pointed tip; the ectal region of the shaft withnumerouspalmateectallydirectedscales,closely
measured around the curvature, or 1.3mm in a
orsomewhatclubbedampulla andabroadlyitiformdiverticulum almostaslong(left)orabout
dig-immature
penialseta
prostateduct
internal plications
A
spermathecalduel
spermathecalampulla
mm
QMG211478 A, nacreous gland ofsegmentXV.B,
rightspermatheca; C,rightprostate gland
Trang 3FIG 3.Rhododrilusglandiferasp.nov., Paratvpe,QMG211478.Scanningelectronmicrographs ofpenialsetae.
A,awholeseta.B,cclalend.C,ectal tip.D,E,scale-likesculpturingofectalregion.F, detailofascale.
withoutinterventionof anappreciableduct(PI). Forthe highlydeveloped nacreousglands
Trang 4578 MF.MOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG.4.Heitroporodrilus montiserrataesp.nov
Ho-lolype,QMC211443, ventralviewofgenitalfield,
Remarks
Rhododriluswas erectedby Beddard (1889)
for3NewZealandspecies, R.minutus.Thegenus
combina-tion of the microscolecin arrangement of male
pores(a singlepairofprostatesdischargingwith
developed gizzard Later workers (Michaelsen,
1916; Lee 1959;Dyne, 1980)raised thegeneric
totalto31species,allbut one,R queensiandicus
Michaelsen, 1916 from New Zealand and
neighbouringislands The newspecieshere
of Rhododrilus tobe described from Australia,
Rhododrilus glandifera differs from R
queensiandicus Michaelsen, 1916,inthe ing respects: thespermathecal poresarein inter-
follow-segmental furrow 8/9, not in 7/8; and dorsal
Rhododrilus kermadecensis, aeuryhalinecies described from Tasmania by Jamieson(1974) as R littoralis, differs notably from R
pores,in7/8and8/9; inthe different distribution
develop-mentofthedorsal pores
Paratyphi QMG211444 (EX G10311) All
speci-mens from27'57'S, 1J23T&,Mistake Mtns, N of
Cunningham's Gap, Qld., under rocks in complex
Description Length 76mmintheparatype(P);theholotype
(H), segments 217 (P) Pigmentless in ethanol
Prostomiumtanylobous,witha transversefurrow
atmidlength;neitheritnorthebodycanaliculate;
peristomiumshort Firstdorsalpore5/6.Setaeaa:ab\bc:cd:dd = 2.4:1:2.0:1,7:4.6; or
longitudi-nal rows throughout Nephropores visible as
mostly conspicuous dimpling of the
interseg-ments,intheholotypein t/lines inII-IV;inclines
VII,inVII1-Xalternatingfrom dtoc(left)or thereverse(right); inXI andposteriorly,alternation
XIV-XVII.Combined male andprostaticporeseachasmalldarkpointatthe siteofthe absentsetaeb
of XVIII, on indistinct roundpapillae which fill
markings inXandXI(H,P);consistingofalow,midventral mostlypresetalpapillawithpore-like
Trang 5markings
femalepores
FIG.5.Heteroporodritustnontiserratacsp.nov.T
Para-rype 1,QMG211444, showinggenital markings
segmentallocation.Scale asFig.4.
markingsnearitslateralbordersandthreeminute
(P) a pairoftransverselyelliptical papillaeinab
almostfillingitssegmentlongitudinallyand with
a pore-like centreor(leftposteriorpapilla) with
twosmallerpore-likemarkings.Posteriorgenita!
markings(H)anarrow,slightlytumidtransverse
markings,inXVUI;inXIXa tumidareaoneach
sidewhichincludes thesetabofitsside butdoes
notreachthe anteriorandposteriorbordersof the
segment(H).Femaleporesa pairof minute
l/2aa7 1.Omm,apart.Spermatheca! pores3pairs,
Septa 8/9-10/U the strongest, greatly
thepharynx Last heartsinXIII,thosein X-X1I1
en-sheathedbythevery thinseptum5/6and
oesophagus andalmost meetingmidventrally
XV; with no appreciable typhlosole (H, P),
Nephridia stomatevesiculateholonephridia;
prc-testicrilarnephridia have wideconvoluted ducts
each with aterminalswellingconstitutingasmall
butdefinitebladder,byXITthebladder,laterally
sub-spheroidal;in the anterior intestinalregion, e.g.
XVII,thebladderisslightlysmallerandisverselyelliptical;furtherposteriorly(XXXV)the
trans-bladderisdrawnoutmedianlyin the directionof
itssupplying duct and projects laterallybeyond
itsexcretorypore sothata shortbroad
diverticu-lum may beconsideredtoexist Holandric;voluted sperm funnels, lacking spermatozoa!
andXII; thoseinXIImorestrongly multiloculaxe
deeplyincised; intheholotypewithsomeance ofacompressedS-shape;limitedtoXVIII;
appear-duct long and muscular, although only a small
loop; enteringthebodywallinabbut nearerb(H,P) Spermathecae 3 pairs, in VII,VIE and IX;
each with a largethin walled ampulla, whichiswidestdistal toits equatorandiscircumferenti-
ductwhich isjoined at itsjunctionwith the
am-prostate
prostategland
spermatheca!
duct
spermatnecalampulla
B
spermathecaliverticulum
Trang 6380 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
containingmanyiridescentsperrn masses(H,P),
Etymology
RefersrothetypelocalityMistakeMountains
REMARKS
Heteroporvdnlus monttserratae is
distin-guishedfrom other species ofthegenusin
pos-sessingfourpairsofcalciferousglandsandthree
TerrisswalkeriusJamieson, 1994
emended belowtoaccommodatethenewspecies*
millaamillaa which has been established in the
presentstudyina re-examination oftheholotype
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF
TERR1SSWALKERIUS
i Spcrmathecal pores 5pairs, inorshortlybehind
Spermalhecal pores I to4pairs (rarelyunpaired,
Spcrmathecal pores5pairs
2.Spermalhecalporesinalines, Last heartsinXIfl.
(Spermalhecal duct veryshort.) T. grandis
Spermathecal poresmediantoalines.Last hearts
inXII.(Spermathecal ductat leastonefourththe
4.Maleporeswellmedianof alines.Moderately
smallworms <3mmwide 7*.millaamillaa
Maleporesin selal linesaor ab Fairly large
worms >6mmwide T.phalacrus
5.Spermalhecal poresin4intersegments, 5/6-8/9or
Spermathecal poresin4 intersegments
6.Spcrmathecal poresin5/6-S/9,unpaired,
margin oftheperistomium.Nephroporesinan
dor-sally to far ventrally,oneachside
Spermathecal pores3 pairs
10.Spermathecal pores3pairs, in4/5-6/7 1
Spcrmathecalpores 3pairs, inor shortlybehind
11. Spcrmathecaldiverticulumlongandtortuous.Spermathecal poresinthevicinityofdtoelines
12Spcrmathecal diverticulumshortandclavateSpermathecal poresinorbetween aandblines
T.montislemsi(part)
12.Spermathecaldiverticulumlongerthanampulla
T. barronensixSpcrmathecal diverticulumshorterthanampullaplusduct.(Spermalhecal poresind-elines)
13.Spermalhecalporesimmediately behind5/6-7/8
T.covacevtchae
15.Spermathecal diverticulumsimple, shortly
Spermathecal diverticulum composite,ingofasmanyas4parallelconjoinedtubes
ap-proximatelyaslongas thesperrnatheca .
Spermathecal pores2 pairs
17.Spermathecal pores 2pairs, in5/6and6/7 t ,
7".montislewisi(part)
Spcrmathecal pores 2pairs, in4/5and5/6 ,
Trang 7Spermathecal pores1pair
18.Spermathecal pores 1 pair, inor shortly posterior
to 8/9.Spermathecaldiverticulum longand
Spermathecal pores 1 pair, in6/7or7/8 20
1 9.Spermathecal poresin setal linesctod
T.nashiSpermathecal poreswellmedianofsetal linesa
20.Spermathecalpores1 pairin6/7 T crater'is
Terrisswalkeriuswindsorisp.nov
(Figs7,8)
Material Examined
Holotype:QMG211466(Clitellate,posterior
ampu-tee).
Paratypes:QMG211457(PI, aclitellate, intact;P2-4,
clitellatc posterior amputees) All specimens from
16"15?
S, I45°02'E, WindsorTableland, hut site
alti-tude 1060-1080m, Qld Collected K McDonald, 27
Description
Length 155mm Width (midclitellar) 7mm.
Segments 266(PI). Pigmentless inalcohol
Pro-stomium pro-epilobous, strongly canaliculate
Peristomium very short, bisected dorsally and
and similartoadjacentintervals; ventralinterval
(aa)about 3-4ab,throughout; approximately36
body Clitellum annular, XIV-1/2XVIII but
ex-tendingto 18/19immediatelylateralofthemale
porophores.Malepores(H,P2-4)minuteorifices
onsmallellipticalporophores inthe seta]arc of
XVIII in setal lines d-e,each preceded and
suc-ceeded byalarge crescenticswellingwhich
furrowsituated anteriorly inXIV.Spermathecal
pores2pairs, in4/5and5/6, dorsolateral,insetal
Septa7/8
-10/11 greatlythickenedand
funnel-shaped Dorsal blood vessel single, continuous
ontothepharynx Last heartsin XIII,
latero-oe-sophageal,liketheprecedinghearts,slender
prostomi'jm
QMG211466.A,dorsolateralviewofanteriorend B,
Trang 8582 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
prostategland
vasa
deferentia
prostateduct
spermathecalduct
spermathecal
diverticulum
spermathecal ampulla
QMG211466. A, right prostate. B, right posterior
spermatheca
globose butitsanteriorlimit straight sided
Nephridia stomate, vesiculate holonephridia;
Those inII largeand verycomplexlytufted and
with elongate bladderopeninganteriorlynearthe
midventralline;thoseinIIIandIVwithbladders
apposed to those of II but progressively more
dorsaland,thoughtufted,smaller;thoseinV and
VIwith very longectallytapering bladders,
withthespermathecaeandcompactlytufted;the
elongatebladder;by XVbladdersaresessile
Seminalvesicleslargeandracemoseonthe rior face of XII and small and smoothly sub-
X Ovariesdelicate laminae ofoocytes, inXIII
muscular, joinedentally by the vasa deferentia;
inoneparatype,however,the prostates projecting
attheamputated endarecoiledtubes muchasin
T. nashi Spermathecae 2 pairs,each with gateovoid ampullathe taperingdistalportionofwhich isjoined near its ectal end by a clavate
elon-diverticulum which is about one fourth of the
Etymology
FortheWindsorTableland
REMARKS
T. windsoriinhaving (asa variantinthe former)
isuniqueinthegenusinthe dorsolateral location
ofthe poresand in presence ofthe first pair in
Inviewofvariationfrom twotothreepairsofspermathecae in T. lewisi, it is appropriate tomake comparison between T. windsoriand spe-
poresfarseparatedfromtheventralmidline(ind
largemaleporophoresandtheintestinalorigininXVII as in T. windsori but it differs in having
more numeroussetae, inlocationofthelasthearts
The male porphores ofT. windsoriare also
Observed variation in the apperance of the
suggeststhattheappearance ofprostateglandsisconsiderablyinfluencedby theconditionsoffix-
Trang 9Paratypes: 10examined for distribution ofgenital
markings,QMG211509;63additionalparatypes,Q M
G211510 All types clitellate. All specimens from
1971
Description
Length 76mm, width (midclitellar) 3.5mm.
Segments 185 (Holotype) Colour pigmented
midlength; peristomium very short and
prosto-mium not or only partly visible dorsally;
peri-stomium not demarcated from first setigerous
segment (IT) ventrally and only by an indistinct
tongue of the prostomiumextends First dorsal
pore 9/10but dorsalporesindistinct.Setae 8 per
segment, black and distinctly visible, inregular
but cdwidely spaced, c being lateral and dfar
12.7:4.7:16.0:10.8:24% Clitellum
saddle-shaped, in XIII-XVIII: intersegmental furrows
12/13and IS/19welldevelopedbut the
interven-ingintersegmentsindicatedweakly andventrally
lips,inab, these setaebeingabsent,each porein
a glandular depression the slightly raised oval
marginsofwhich extend median ofa lines and
posteriorlimitofeachmarkinginXI,XIT XX and
poste-riorborder ofthe segment Ten paratypeswere
examined for distribution ofgenital markings;
they resembled the holotype exactly with the
exceptionthatone specimenlackedthema/kings
inXI andXIJ;onelackedthoseinXII;andallbut
with a weak oval field, far apart, shortly
spermathecal pore2
markings
QMG211508 Ventral view of forcbody andclitcllarregion
teromedianofsetaea ofXIV.Spermathecal pores
ante-riorly in their vicinity
Dorsal bloodvesselcontinuous ontothe
which is continuous with a thinner walled
pro-vemriculuslying in IV Oesophagus withpaired
lateral dilatations in VUI-XIV; those in XXIV
Trang 10$4 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
spermathecaldiverticulum
spermathecalduct
spermathecalpore
spermathecalampulla
FIG 10,Cryptodrilusbunyaensissp.nov., Holotypc,
QMG211508.A,ventralviewofrightprostategland
formingtrueextramuralcalciferous glands with
devel-opedin XIIIwhere they are reniform Intestinal
Nephri-dia in the anteriormost segments several
shortly behind the prostates, three large
raegameronephridia on each side with slender
exonephricducts entering the bodywall insetal
prescptal funnel and is thus a stomate
megameronephridium; no
spermmasses)inX andXI;andseminalvesicles,
racemosewithmany berry-likeloculi, in IX,XI
andXII Ovarieslargemassesofmanyoocytes,
seg-ments,broad andracemose; each with aslender
convoluted duct aboutone fifththelengthofthe
withalargeovoid ampulla,a slenderductalittle
sper-matozoa! iridescence, sessile atthejunctionof
thetwo
Etymology
FortheBunyaMountains
Remarks
Cryptodrilus bunyanensis resembles C
peristom-ium and the first setigerous segment Although
thisfeatureoccursinothergenera(e.g.Digaster),
it israreanditspresenceinthetwoCryptodrilus
ofthenewspeciesinthegenus.ItdiffersfromC
mediocris in lacking nephridial bladders and
arrangement ofgenitalmarkings
Digasterlingi sp.nov
lar)7.2mm.Pigmentlessinlife.Pnostomium
tan-ylobous,withbroad, posteriorlynarrowingdorsal
tongue Peristomium short; not canaliculate
Forebodysegments,atleastfrom VIposteriorly,
strongly biannulate; traversed by a presetal
groove whichisalmostaspronouncedas thedeep
the lateral pair, difficult lo discern; both pairs
moderatelyclosely paired;inXIV,aa:ab:bt:cd=
protuber-ant, but weaker midventrally: dorsallv
XIII-XVIll, ventrally XIII-2/3XVIII; setae "visible,
Trang 11poressuppressed.Maleporesa pairofthin,
from a lines into be (relative to adjacent
seg-ments; setae a and b absent in this segment
Genitalmarkings:aslightlytumidellipticalarea
theposteriorlimitofthesetalannulus ofXVIIto
the anteriorlimitofthatofXIX interrupting the
clitellumventrally;itbears a pairof well defined
oval depressions at the site of intersegmental
furrow 18/19 which is suppressedon the tumid
tosetaeaofXIV,ina transverseslit.
Spermathe-calpores 2pairs,in intersegmental furrows 7/8
theintersegmentisparted
Septa7/8-1 1/12verystronglythickened,
subspheroidal musculargizzards,inVI and VII,
calcif-erous glands; stronglydilated andintestine-like
(cau-dal region of body not available) stomate,
convoluted nephridial masslateral to which are
aboutlOsmallnephridiaintransverse singlefile,
each with a long, thin ectal duct, egress ofthe
anteriorandposteriorlimitsofthesegment
Tes-tes?andnacreousfunnelsinX andXI, the
racemose,inIX andXII,thelatterpairthe larger
Ovariesrepresentedby manythin,emptystrands
Sper-mathecae 2 pairs, in VIIIand IX, each with an
ovoidampulla andashorterductwhichisjoined
pluriloculate diverticulum
Etymology
For EdmundLingwhocollected thespecimen
Remarks
Three species ofDigastert D gwongorellue,
D minor,andD moretonensis*inadditiontoD
tingi.have a midventral circular,oval oralmost
spermathecal porei
apenmathacal
male pore
genital marking
FIG. II Digaster tingi sp nov., Holotype,
QMG211484.A,dorsalview ofanteriorend showing
proslomium B,ventralviewofforcbodyandcliiellarregion
including themalepores.D.lingidiffersfromall
other respects,intheabsenceo! genitalmarkings
iwi segments XIXtoXXIII andthemuchshorter