Anh van chuyen nganh thuc pham tran thi duyen

malt n /mɔːlt/ : mạch nha, đại mạch nảy mầm[uncountable] grain, usually barley, that has been left in water for a period of time and then dried, used for making beer, whisky, etc.. yeast

Unit 1 BEER AND ALE

1 malt (n) /mɔːlt/ : mạch nha, đại mạch nảy mầm

[uncountable] grain, usually barley, that has been left in water for a period of time and then dried, used for making beer, whisky, etc.

2 beverage (n) /ˈbevərɪdʒ/: đồ uống, thức uống

any type of drink except water

3 fermentation (n) /ˌfɜːrmenˈteɪʃn/: sự lên men

the process of chemical change caused by the action

of yeast or bacteria, often changing sugar to alcohol

e.g: Sugar is converted into alcohol by a process of fermentation.

4 characteristic (adj) /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/: đặc trưng, đặc tính, riêng

characteristic (of something/somebody): very typical of something

or of somebody’s character

e.g his highly characteristic features

5 Flavor (n) [uncountable, countable]: /’fleivə/:mùi vị,mùi thơm

a substance that is added to food to make the flavor stronger

e.g sweets with different flavours

6 Aroma (n)/əˈroʊmə/: hương vị, mùi thơm

a pleasant, noticeable smell

e.g the aroma of fresh coffee

e.g A delicious aroma was coming from the kitchen.

7 alcohol (n) [uncountable]: /ˈælkəhɑːl/ : rươu, cồn

alcoholic (adj): thuộc về hoặc chứa đựng cồn

drinks such as beer, wine, etc that can make people drunk

e.g He never drinks alcohol.

e.g Levels of alcohol in the blood

e.g Wine contains about 10% alcohol.

e.g a low alcohol beer

8 volume (n) /ˈvɑːljuːm/ [uncountable, countable] : thể tích, dung tích, khối lượng

the amount of space that an object or a substance fills; the amount of space that a container has

e.g What volume of water would be needed to fill the aquarium?

e.g jars of different volumes

9 gallon (n) /ˈɡælən/: đơn vị đo lường chất lỏng

a unit for measuring liquid In the UK, Canada and othercountries it is equal to about 4.5 litres; in the US it is equal toabout 3.8 litres There are four quarts in a gallon

quart: (n) /kwɔːrt/lít Anh; 1,14 lít, ¼ gallon

about 1.14 litres in the UK and Canada, and 0.95 of a litre in theUS

• lb: British English)

• (North American English lb.)(pl lb, lbs)

pound in weight, equal to about 454 grams

10 procedure (n) /prəˈsiːdʒər/: tiến trình, quá trình

[countable, uncountable] procedure (for something) a way of

doing something, especially the usual or correct way

11 bottom (n) /ˈbɑːtəm/: phần dưới cùng, đáy

[countable, usually singular] bottom (of something) the lowest

part of something

e.g Allow the tea leaves to settle to the bottom of the cup

12 Top (n) /tɒp/: phần trên, đỉnh, đầu, ngọn

[countable] the highest part or point of something

e.g the top of the milk (= the cream that rises to the top of a

bottle of milk)

13 yeast (n) /jiːst/: nấm men

a fungus used in making beer and wine, or to make bread rise

e.g: The type of yeast used in making ale is Saccharomyces cerevisiae by top fermentation

14 Beer (n) /bɪr/: bia

[uncountable, countable] an alcoholic drink made from malt and flavoured with hops.

e.g There are many types of beer.

e.g Are you a beer drinker?

15 ale (n) /eɪl/ [uncountable, countable]: rượu bia

a type of beer, usually sold in bottles or cans.

There are several kinds of ale.

e.g the growth in demand for real ale

16 temperature (n)/ˈtemprətʃər/: nhiệt độ

the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or placeis

e.g high/low temperatures

e.g rise in temperature

e.g The temperature has risen (by) five degrees

e.g Temperatures below freezing are common here (nhiệt độ dưới mức đóng băng đang phổ biến ở đây).

e.g The product can be stored at room temperature (sản phẩm

có thể được lưu trữ ở nhiệt độ phòng).

17 brewing (n): /bruː/sự ủ, nấu, brew (v):ủ, nấu, pha

brew something to make beer

e.g This beer is brewed in the Czech Republic (bia này

được ủ tại Cộng hòa Séc)

e.g freshly brewed coffee (café mới pha)

18 barley (n)/ˈbɑːrli/: lúa mạch

a plant grown for its grain that is usedfor making food, beer and whisky (mộtcây trồng để lấy hạt của nó được sửdụng để làm thức ăn, bia và rượu)

e.g Malt whisky is made from malted

barley (whisky mạch nha được làm từ lúa mạch).

19 sprout (v) /spraʊt/: nảy chồi, mọc mầm

(plants or seeds): to produce new leaves or buds; to start to grow; to appear; to develop something, especially in large numbers

e.g New leaves sproute from the trees

e.g The seeds will sprout in a few days.

e.g Hundreds of mushrooms had sprouted up overnight (Hàng trăm nấm đã mọc lên qua đêm).

20. grain (n)/ɡreɪn/:[uncountable, countable]: ngũ cốc (lúa mì, gạo, ), hạt

the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat, rice, etc.; a single seed of such a plant

e.g America’s grain exports (xuất khẩu ngũ cốc của Mỹ)

e.g A few grains of rice (một vài hạt gạo)

• Fresh and dried malt

• Yellow malt and black malt depend on dried temperature andtime

• Yellow malt: 50-1200C; 12 hours

• Black malt: 1600C-2000C; 24 hours

20 light (n) /laɪt/: ánh sáng

adj: nhẹ, nhẹ nhàng, màu nhạtLight food: thức ăn nhẹ

Light sleep: giấc ngủ nhẹ nhàng

Light wine: rượu vang nhẹ

21 hop (n) /hɒp/: cây hoa bia, cây hublong

22 porter (n)/ˈpɔːrtər/: rượu bia đen

23 stout (n)/staʊt/: bia đen (độ cồn cao (nặng)

24 grind (ground)(v) /ɡraʊnd/: xay, nghiền, mài (dao)

To grind a knife: mài dao

25 mash (n) /mæʃ/: dịch đường hóa (dịch đường

maltose) (beer); hỗn hợp dịch, cháo

[uncountable] grain cooked in water until soft, used to feed farm animals

[uncountable] a mixture of malt grains and hot water, used for making beer, etc.

a mash (of something): any food that has been

crushed into a soft mass

e.g The soup was a mash of grain and vegetables.

26 Unmalted cereals /ˈsɪriəl/(n): phi malt (ngũ cốc thay thế nhưlúa mì, lúa nếp, bắp nảy mầm)

27 duration (n) /djuˈreɪʃn/: khoảng thời gian

28 cooledor run: làm nguội nhanh

29 copper brewing kettle (n) /ˈkɒpə(r)/ : thùng ủ bằng đồng

30 Rupture (n)/ˈrʌptʃər/: a change in which something breaks apart

32 convert (v) /kənˈvɜːrt/: đổi, biến đổi

to change or make something change from one form, purpose,system, etc to another

convert (from something) (into/to something)

e.g The ruptured starch grains are converted into fermentablesugar

e.g We've converted from oil to gas central heating (chúng tôi đãchuyển từ dầu sang khí gas sưởi ấm trung tâm)

to change an opinion, a habit, etc

e.g I've converted to organic food (Tôi đã chuyển đổi sang thực phẩm hữu cơ).

33 liquid (n) /ˈlɪkwɪd/:chất lỏng

37 drew (v) /druː/(drawn: quá khứ phân từ): kéo xuống (chìm)

38 settle (v)/ˈsetl/lắng

settling (adj): lắng xuống

39 mature (adj) /məˈtʃʊr/: đầy đủ hương vị

developed over a period of time to produce a strong, rich flavor

40 retain (v) /rɪˈteɪn/= to maintain = to keep: giữ lại, duy trì

retain something to keep something; to continue to have something

41 artificially ( adv) /ɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəli/: không tự nhiên

42 Carbonated (adj)/ˈkɑːrbəneɪtɪd/: được cacbonate hóa

(of a drink) containing small bubbles of carbon dioxide

e.g carbonated mineral water: nước khoáng có ga

43 extent (n)/ɪkˈstent/ [singular, uncountable]: mức độ

how large, important, serious, etc something is

e.g It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage (Rất khó

để đánh giá mức độ đầy đủ của các thiệt hại).

(to some extent: tới một mức độ nhất định)

44 effervescence (n)/efərˈvesns/: sự sủi bọt

45 keg(s) (n): thùng chứa (khoảng 40 lít)

46 put into: đưa vào

47 commercial (adj) /kəˈmɜːrʃl/: thuộc về thương mại

connected with the buying and selling of goods and services

e.g the commercial heart of the city: trung tâm thương mại của thành phố

48 canned fruit: quả đóng hộp

49 beer can: long bia

50 bottle (n): /ˈbɒtl/: chai lọ

51 corn (n)/kɔːrn/: hạt ngũ cốc (ngô)

[uncountable] any plant that is grown for its grain, such as wheat;e.g a field of corn: một cánh đồng ngô

52 brewer (n)/ˈbruːər/: a person or company that makes beer

e.g six big brewers account for about 75% of total beer sales inthe UK

Sáu nhà sản xuất bia lớn chiếm khoảng 75% tổng doanh số bánbia tại Anh

53 Substitute (n) /ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/: thay thế

a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use

ashes [plural] what is left after something has been destroyed by burning

55 content (n) /ˈkɒntent/: hàm lượng, nồng độ

[singular] (following a noun) the amount of a substance that is contained in something else

e.g. the alcohol content of a drink: nồng độ cồn của một thức uống

56 Finished beer: bia thành phẩm

CLASS DISUSSION

A Read and translate into Vietnamese

• Beer, beverage, characteristic flavor, aroma, gallon, bottom fermentation, top fermentation, bacterial action, brewing, barley malt, sprouting, enzyme, diastase, light- colored beer, darker beer, mash, unmalted cereals, kettles, rapture, fermentable sugar, wort, hop, maturation, maturing vats, artificially carbonated, effervescence, kegs, cans, substitutes.

CLASS DISUSSION

B Answer the following questions

1 What is beer and ale?

2 Generally, what is the percentage of alcohol in beer?

3 What is barley malt?

4 What is the main difference between the light-colored and colored malt?

dark-5 What is hop? Is it necessary for the production of beer?

1 Beer and ale are malt beverages that produced by fermentation, each

having a characteristic flavor and aroma.

2 Generally, the percentage of alcohol in beer is between 3 and 6% by

volume.

3 Barley malt is first made by sprouting grain for a period of time to

develop the enzymes and then drying malt.

4 The main difference between the light-colored and dark-colored malt is

that the light-colored malt is dried by 50 0 C to 120 0 C, but up to 120 0

C-200 0 C or higher for dark-colored malt.

5 Hop is a plant using in brewing to make characteristic flavor of beer or

ale Yes, it is.

C Translate into English

1 Bia là một loại đồ uống lên men từ dịch malt đại mạch và có mùi vị thơm đặc trưng của malt và hoa huplông.

2 Lên men bia theo hai phương pháp: lên men nổi và lên men chìm.

3 Trong quá trình nấu bia, các hạt tinh bột được chuyển hóa thành đường có khả năng lên men.

4 Các nguyên liệu thay thế được dùng để giảm lượng malt đại mạch và lượng protein, lượng tro trong bia.

•

1 Beer is a type of fermented beverage of malted barley

solution, and has a characteristic flavor of hops and malt

2 The process of making beer (cooking beer), the ruptured

starch grains are converted into fermentable sugar

3 There are two ways (methods) to ferment beer, including

floating and submersible fermentation

4 Some substitutes are used to reduce the content of barley

malt , protein and ash in the finished beer

• Ale is a type of beer brewed using a warm fermentation method,

resulting in a sweet, full-bodied and fruity taste

• The difference between beer and ale has to do with the way in which

is it brewed, and how the yeast ferments

HOMEWORK

Translate into English

1 Beer and ale are malt beverages that produced by fermentation,

each having a characteristic flavor and aroma

2 Generally, the percentage of alcohol in beer is between 3 and 6%

by volume

3 Barley malt is first made by sprouting grain for a period of time to

develop the enzymes and then drying malt

4 The main difference between the light-colored and dark-colored

malt is that the light-colored malt is dried by 500C to 1200C, but up

to 1200C-2000C or higher for dark-colored malt

5 Hop is a plant using in brewing to make characteristic flavor of beer

or ale Yes, it is

C Translate into English

1 Bia là một loại đồ uống lên men từ dịch malt đại mạch và có mùi vị thơm đặc trưng của malt và hoa huplông.

2 Lên men bia theo hai phương pháp: lên men nổi và lên men chìm.

3 Trong quá trình nấu bia, các hạt tinh bột được chuyển hóa thành đường có khả năng lên men.

4 Các nguyên liệu thay thế được dùng để giảm lượng malt đại mạch và lượng protein, lượng tro trong bia.

•

1 Beer is a type of fermented beverage of malted barley

solution, and has a characteristic flavor of hops and malt

2 The process of making beer (cooking beer), the ruptured

starch grains are converted into fermentable sugar

3 There are two ways (methods) to ferment beer, including

floating and submersible fermentation

4 Some substitutes are used to reduce the content of barley

malt , protein and ash in the finished beer

Unit 2 POST-HARVEST SYSTEM

1 project (n) /ˈprɒdʒekt/: đề án, dự án, kế hoạch

a planned piece of work that is designed to find information aboutsomething, to produce something new, or to improve something

e.g a new project for the development of agriculture

2 context (n) /ˈkɒntekst/: tình huống mà trong đó cái gì đang xảy

ra hoặc phải được suy xét; bối cảnh

the situation in which something happens and that helps you tounderstand it

e.g In the context of the present economic crisis (Trong bối cảnhkhủng hoảng kinh tế hiện nay

3 improvement (n)/ɪmˈpruːvmənt/: sự cải tiến, làm cho tốt hơn[uncountable] the act of making something better; the process

of something becoming better

e.g Sales figures continue to show signs of improvement.

[countable] a change in something that makes it better;something that is better than it was before

e.g This is a great improvement on your previous work (Đây là một cải tiến lớn về công việc trước đây của bạn).

improve (v):

e.g to improve one’s life: cải thiện đời sống

4 adaptation (n) /ædæpˈteɪʃn/: sự thích nghi

[uncountable] the process of changing something, for exampleyour behaviour, to suit a new situation

e.g the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions (sự thích nghi của loài sa mạc với điều kiện nóng)

e.g The process of adaptation to a new school is difficult for some children.

Adapt (v) thích nghi

Adaptable (adj): có thể thích nghi, có thể thích ứng

5 component (adj ) / kəmˈpəʊnənt/: hợp thành, cấu thành

used to describe one of several parts of which something is made

e.g Break the problem down into its component parts (phá vỡ vấn đề thành các bộ phận)

6 harvest (n) /ˈhɑːvɪst/: việc gặt (lúa), việc thu hoạch (hoa, quả, ), mùa gặt, vụ thu hoạch

countable, uncountable] the time of year when the crops are gathered in on

a farm, etc.;

the act of cutting and gathering crops

e.g harvest time

e.g farmers are extremely busy during the harvest.

the crops, or the amount of crops, cut and gathered

e.g the grain harvest

e.g a good/bad harvest (= a lot of crops or few crops)

harvest (v): gặt hái, thu hoạch

6 threshing (n) /ˈθreʃɪŋ/: sự đập, sự tuốt (lúa)

the act of separating grains of rice, wheat, etc from the rest of the plant using a machine or, especially in the past, by hitting it with a special tool.

e.g a threshing machine

Thresh (v): đập (lúa)

7 winnowing (n)/ˈwɪnoʊiŋ/ : sự quạt, sự sảy (thóc); sự sàng lọc, sự lựa chọn.

winnow something to blow air through grain in order to remove its

outer covering (called the chaff )

winnow (v): rê, sàn, sẩy, quạt (thổi) thóc, sàng lọc

8 chaff (n) /tʃɑːf/: trấu, vỏ (hột)

the outer covering of the seeds of grain such as wheat, which is separated from the grain before it is eaten

9 Storage (n) /ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/: sự bảo quản, sự cất trữ, sự xếp vàokho

the process of keeping something in a particular place until it isneeded; the space where things can be kept

10 drying (adj) /’draiŋ/ : làm thành khô, khô nhanh

I'm afraid this cake has turned out very dry.

dry (v): làm khô, phơi khô

11 primary (adj) /ˈpraɪməri/: nguyên thủy, đầu tiên

usually before noun: developing or happening first;

earliestprimary causesThe disease is still in its primary stage.