Portfolio management 01 portfolio concepts 1

Question #6 of 125 Question ID: 464420Forecasted return for STS: 10% Standard deviation forecasted for STS: 15% Expected return on the stock market index: 12% Standard deviation on the s

Test ID: 7441926Portfolio Concepts 1

Which of the following is an implication of the capital asset pricing model for investor's portfolio decisions?

All investors will hold some combination of a broadly based market index and the

risk-free asset

Less risk-averse investors will overweight high-beta stocks relative to the market portfolio

Less risk-averse investors will hold less of a broadly based index and more of the risk-free

asset

Explanation

The CAPM suggests that all investors should hold some combination of the market portfolio and the risk-free asset Less risk-averseinvestors will hold more of the market portfolio (and move farther up the CML) and more risk-averse investors will hold more of the risk-free asset (and move farther down the CML)

Which of the following is NOT an assumption necessary to derive the single-factor market model? The:

market portfolio is the tangency portfolio

expected value of firm-specific surprises is zero

firm-specific surprises are uncorrelated across assets

Explanation

The result that the market portfolio is the tangency portfolio is a prediction of the CAPM model, not the market model The market modelassumes that there are two sources of risk, unanticipated macroeconomic events and firm-specific events We use the return on themarket portfolio as a proxy for the macroeconomic factor and assume all stocks have varying degrees of sensitivity to this macro factor

In addition, each stock's returns are uniquely affected by firm-specific events uncorrelated across stocks and with the macro events Theremaining choices are the assumptions necessary to derive the single-factor market model

Jill Matton, CFA, has been asked to invest $100,000, choosing one or more of the following three stocks All stocks have thesame expected return and standard deviation The correlation matrix for the three stocks is given below:

Stock Correlations

Which of the three stocks, X, Y, and Z, should be included in the portfolio?

Any investment in the three stocks will result in the exact same expected return and

Mean-variance analysis assumes that investor preferences depend on all of the following EXCEPT:

skewness of the distribution of asset returns

correlations among asset returns

expected asset returns

Explanation

Port F interest interest GNP GNP

Port

Question #6 of 125 Question ID: 464420

Forecasted return for STS: 10%

Standard deviation forecasted for STS: 15%

Expected return on the stock market index: 12%

Standard deviation on the stock market index: 20%

Correlation between STS and stock market index: 0.60

where cov is the covariance between any asset i and the market index m, σ is the standard deviation of returns for asset i,

σ is the standard deviation of returns for the market index, ρ is the correlation between asset i and the market index

To determine the fair valuation for STS, Wu must compare his forecasted return against the equilibrium expected return usinghis security market line framework of analysis The equation for the security market line is the capital asset pricing model:E(R) = R + β[E(R ) - R ] = 0.06 + 0.45[0.12 - 0.06] = 0.087 = 8.7%

Wu's forecasted (10%) exceeds the equilibrium expected (or required) return for STS Therefore, Wu should determine thatSTS is undervalued (should make a buy recommendation)

According to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), if the expected return on an asset is too low given its beta, investors will:

buy the stock until the price rises to the point where the expected return is again equal

to that predicted by the security market line

sell the stock until the price falls to the point where the expected return is again equal to that

predicted by the security market line

sell the stock until the price rises to the point where the expected return is again equal to that

predicted by the security market line

Explanation

The CAPM is an equilibrium model: its predictions result from market forces acting to return the market to equilibrium If the expectedreturn on an asset is temporarily too low given its beta according to the SML (which means the market price is too high), investors will sellthe stock until the price falls to the point where the expected return is again equal to that predicted by the SML

Kaskin, Inc., stock has a beta of 1.2 and Quinn, Inc., stock has a beta of 0.6 Which of the following statements is mostaccurate?

The stock of Kaskin, Inc., has more total risk than Quinn, Inc

The expected rate of return will be higher for the stock of Kaskin, Inc., than that of

Quinn, Inc

The stock of Quinn, Inc., has more systematic risk than that of Kaskin, Inc

Explanation

Beta is a measure of systematic risk Since only systematic risk is rewarded, it is safe to conclude that the expected return will

be higher for Kaskin's stock than for Quinn's stock

In the context of multi-factor models, investors with lower-than-average exposure to recession risk (e.g those without labor income) canearn a risk premium for holding dimensions of risk unrelated to market movements by creating equity portfolios with:

greater-than-average exposure to the recession risk factor

greater-than-average market risk exposure

less-than-average exposure to the recession risk factor

Explanation

Multifactor models allow us to capture other dimensions of risk besides overall market risk Investors with unique circumstances differentthan the average investor may want to hold portfolios tilted away from the market portfolio in order to hedge or speculate on factors likerecession risk, interest rate risk or inflation risk An investor with lower-than-average exposure to recession risk can earn a premium bycreating greater-than-average exposure to the recession risk factor In effect, he earns a risk premium determined by the average investor

by taking on a risk he doesn't care about as much as the average investor does

Question #10 of 125 Question ID: 464389

InflationFactor

Investor ConfidenceFactor

The Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT it:

assumes that asset returns are described by a factor model

is an equilibrium pricing model

assumes that arbitrage opportunities are available to investors

Questions #13-18 of 125

Chris McDonald, CFA, is a portfolio manager for InvesTrack, a firm that seeks to closely track a selected index or indexes witheach of its funds McDonald is analyzing the returns of several of InvesTrack's managed funds The primary fund, Marketrack,(also known as the MT portfolio), tracks a combination of a major stock index, a bond index, a real estate index, and a

precious metals index The stock index in the MT portfolio closely follows the S&P 500 The weights on each of the indexes inthe MT target portfolio are approximately the same as the weights that the analysts at InvesTrack have estimated for theseassets in the overall economy McDonald believes that the MT portfolio is more likely to lie on the efficient frontier than aportfolio of only stocks In a recent discussion with his assistants, Joseph Kreager and Maria Ito, McDonald stated the lowcorrelations between classes such as precious metals and real estate in the portfolio will improve the diversification of theportfolio Kreager proposes that the ultimate goal should be to combine assets to achieve the minimum variance portfolio onthe efficient frontier

McDonald proposes that the returns of the MT portfolio can serve as a better representation of a market portfolio than anindex like the Dow Jones Industrial Average or the S&P 500, which many analysts and portfolio managers use as a marketproxy For example, he asserts that betas estimated using the MT portfolio will be a more realistic representation of systematicrisk, and this will make the betas more reliable in decisions concerning the effects of diversification Furthermore, he suggeststhat the capital asset line (CAL) based upon the MT portfolio as the risky asset should be steeper than the CAL based uponthe S&P 500 alone as the risky asset

Kreager claims that that the MT portfolio will only have steeper CAL if the average returns of the indexes other than the stockindex in the MT tracking portfolio are higher than the S&P 500

Ito responds that MT portfolio CAL will be higher than the S&P 500 CAL only if the standard deviation of the returns of theother indexes in the MT tracking portfolio are lower than the S&P 500

Recently a customer holding a position in TTX stock wanted to explore the purchase of shares in a real estate investment trust(REIT) McDonald ran a regression of the return of the TTX stock on the return of the MT portfolio, and he also ran a

regression of the REIT's return on the return of MT portfolio The market model regressions are:

(Return of the TTX stock) = −0.018 + 1.30 × (Return of MT portfolio) + ε

(Return of the REIT) = 0.018 + 0.70 × (Return of MT portfolio) + ε

The standard deviations of returns for each of these investments are σ = 38.0%, σ = 24.0%, and σ = 16.0%.McDonald asks Kreager to compute the variance-covariance matrix based upon these results He also asks Kreager tocompute the standard deviation of the unexplained risk for each of the assets

After performing the regressions, Kreager investigates the property of beta drift He finds that the betas of both the TTX stockand the REIT both follow an AR(1) process:

Considering Kreager and Ito's responses to McDonald's proposition that the CAL of the MT portfolio should be steeper than

that of the S&P 500:

both are incorrect

only one is correct

both are correct

Explanation

Kreager asserts that the CAL will be steeper if the average returns on the non-stock indexes are greater than the S&P 500.However the slope (i.e., the Sharpe Ratio) also depends upon the standard deviation of the MT portfolio Without furtherinformation, it is impossible to know if Kreager is correct, but his statement is clearly not correct taken in isolation

Ito's assertion that the CAL will be steeper if the standard deviations of the non-stock indexes are less than the S&P 500 can

be analyzed similarly Again, without further information, it is impossible to know if Ito is correct, but her statement is clearly notcorrect taken in isolation (LOS 57.d)

In response to Kreager's assertion that the goal is to try to achieve the minimum variance portfolio on the efficient frontier,McDonald should most appropriately:

risk-If the CAL of the S&P 500 is equal to the CAL of the MT portfolio, the return of the MT portfolio is closest to:

10.6%

11.4%

8.6%

Explanation

The CAL of the S&P 500 is 0.35 = (0.12 − 0.05) / 0.20 To find the return that gives this slope for the CAL, Ito would solve for R

in the expression 0.35 = (R − 0.05) / 0.16 This gives 0.056 = R − 0.05, R = 0.106 (LOS 57.d)

For the capital asset pricing model, the beta of TTX using the MT portfolio as the market index is:

1.30

1.00

1.25

Question #17 of 125 Question ID: 464376

The expected return for TTX from the market model is −0.018 + 1.30 × (Return of MT portfolio) = −0.018 + 1.30 × 0.11 = 0.125

or 12.5% The risk-free return is given as 5.0% The CAPM equation states that expected return = risk-free rate + β(marketreturn − risk-free rate) For TTX then, 0.125 = 0.05 + β(0.11 − 0.05), so 0.075 = β(0.06), and thus β = 1.25 (LOS 57.f)

The beta of the REIT relative to the MT portfolio is 0.75 The standard deviation of the unexplained risk for the REIT is:0.0576

Which of the following statements regarding the beta drift of REIT is most accurate?

The covariance of returns will increase as the beta drifts

Compared to the common α = 1/3 and α = 2/3 method for adjusting beta, the AR(1)

formula β = 0.1 + 0.9 × β should converge faster

The drift formula is mean reverting and the beta converges toward 1

Explanation

The beta drift as defined by the AR(1) time series formula of β = 0.1 + 0.9 × β , shows that the beta is mean reverting towardone If the beta is greater than one, the next period, the beta will decrease and if the beta is less than one, the next period, thebeta will increase

As beta converges toward one, the covariance will converge toward the variance, since This means that thecovariance can either decrease or increase: the covariance will decrease if the beta decreases and the covariance will

increase as the beta increases

The greater the weight on the α , the faster the convergence towards a beta of one The drift formula is a weighted average ofthe beta of one and the historical beta The α0 represents the weight of the beta of one (LOS 57.h)

Which of the following are least likely key assumptions of the CAPM?

Investors throughout the world have identical consumption baskets

Investors can borrow and lend at the risk-free rate

Unlimited short selling is allowed with full access to short-sale proceeds.

Explanation

The key assumptions of CAPM are that investors can borrow and lend at the risk-free rate, and that unlimited short selling isallowed with full access to short-sale proceeds If these assumptions are violated, the market may not be efficient and therelationship between expected return and beta may not be linear "Investors throughout the world have identical consumptionbaskets" is an assumption of Extended CAPM

The efficient frontier enables managers to reduce that number of possible portfolios considered because the portfolios on the efficientfrontier:

have higher expected returns for every level of risk than all other possible portfolios

have higher risk levels for every level of expected return than all other possible portfolios

have lower risk levels for every level of expected return than all other possible portfolios

Explanation

If we are selecting portfolios from a large number of stocks, say the S&P 500, rather than just two stocks, the number of possiblecombinations is extremely large We can restrict our search for possible portfolio combinations by focusing on those portfolios on theefficient frontier We know they dominate all the other possible choices because they offer higher return for the same level of risk.The minimum-variance frontier consists of portfolios that have lower risk levels for every level of expected return than all other possibleportfolios

If a risk-free asset is part of the investment opportunity set, then the efficient frontier is a:

straight line called the capital allocation line (CAL)

curve called the efficient portfolio set

curve called the minimum-variance frontier

Explanation

If a risk-free investment is part of the investment opportunity set, then the efficient frontier is a straight line called the capital allocationline (CAL), whether or not risky asset correlations are equal to one The y-intercept of the CAL is the risk-free rate The CAL is tangent tothe minimum-variance frontier of risky assets

What is the expected return on a portfolio with $10 million invested in the Value Fund, $6 million in the Growth Fund, and $4 million in theSmall-Cap Fund?

Value Growth Small-CapExpected Return 30.0% 20.0% 25.0%

Standard Deviation 24.0% 18.0% 16.0%

Correlation MatrixValue Growth Small-Cap

Hamburg stock is, on average, more than twice as volatile as the market

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the capital allocation line (CAL) and the capital market line (CML)? Themarket portfolio:

always lies on both the CAL and the CML.

may lie on the CML, but it always lies on the CAL

may lie on the CAL, but it always lies on the CML

Explanation

When a minimum variance frontier is constructed in risk return space (i.e., y-axis = expected return, x-axis = standard deviation), thecapital allocation line is the line emanating from the riskless return through the highest point of tangency with the minimum variancefrontier When the point of tangency is the market portfolio, the capital allocation line is the capital market line

Which of the following is an assumption of the arbitrage pricing theory (APT)?

Security returns are normally distributed

Investors have quadratic utility functions

Assets are priced such that no arbitrage opportunities exist

The difference between total risk, systematic risk, and unsystematic risk

Market and Macroeconomic models

Tanner is concerned with providing the best investment advice possible for his clients He seeks advice from some of hisformer Midwestern college friends who now happen to be CFA charterholders One of his old roommates suggests that helook into using the market model or a multifactor model based on the arbitrage pricing theory (APT)

Tanner researches alternative pricing models and starts to become confused as all the equations look similar He writes downthe following notes from memory:

The intercept for the market model is derived from the APT

The intercept for the APT is the risk free rate

The intercept for a macroeconomic factor model is the expected return on the stock when there are no surprises to thefactors

Simms makes the predictions for Tanner shown in Exhibit 1

Exhibit 1: Simm's Predictions for Tanner

Question #26 of 125 Question ID: 464456

Correlation between Stock A and the S&P

Standard deviation for Stock A 28%

Standard deviation for the S&P 500 20%

Expected return on the S&P 500 12%

Tanner uses the market model predictions (and the S&P 500 as a proxy for the market portfolio) to calculate the covariance ofStock B and C at 0.33 Using the market model, he also determines that the systematic component of the variance for Stock B

is equal to 0.048

Next, he heads out to meet a friend, Del Torres, for lunch Torres excitedly tells Tanner about his latest work with tracking andfactor portfolios Torres says he has developed a tracking portfolio to aid in speculating on oil prices and is working on a factorportfolio with a specific set of factor sensitivities to the Russell 2000

Which of the following is the most appropriate response to Tanner's question about the presence of a risk-free asset and theMarkowitz efficient frontier? The presence of a risk-free asset changes the characteristics of the Markowitz efficient frontier by:converting the Markowitz efficient frontier from a curve into a linear risk/return

relationship

allowing risk averse investors to include in their portfolios an asset that is negatively

correlated with stocks, thereby reducing the risk related to investing in equities

reducing the total risk and the systematic risk of the market portfolio

Explanation

The presence of a risk-free asset changes the characteristics of the Markowitz efficient frontier by converting the Markowitzefficient frontier from a curve into a straight line called the capital market line (CML) (Study Session 18, LOS 57.b)

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of systematic risk? Systematic risk:

remains even for a well-diversified portfolio

as measured by the standard deviation is the only risk rewarded by the market

is approximately equal to total risk divided by unsystematic risk

Explanation

Systematic risk remains even if a portfolio is well diversified (Study Session 18, LOS 57.g)

Are Tanner's notes on the intercepts for the pricing models correct?

No, because the intercept for the APT is the stock's alpha

No, because the intercept for the market model is the risk-free rate.

No, because the intercept for the market model is the return on the stock when the

return on the market is zero

(Study Session 18, LOS 57.h)

According to the predictions of the market model, did Tanner correctly calculate the covariance of Stock B and C and Stock B'ssystematic component of variance?

Tanner incorrectly calculated the covariance and correctly calculated the systematic variance component

According to the market model, the covariance between any two stocks is calculated as the product of their betas and thevariance of the market portfolio Here, the S&P 500 is a proxy for the market portfolio

Here, Cov = 1.10(1.50)(0.2) = 0.066 Tanner incorrectly used the standard deviation of the market

The variance of the returns on asset i consists of two components: a systematic component related to the asset"s beta, ,and an unsystematic component related to firm-specific events,

For Stock B, the systematic component = 1.10 (0.2) = 0.048 (Study Session 18, LOS 57.a)

Question #31 of 125 Question ID: 464461

Torres reversed the concepts and is thus incorrect on both counts A factor portfolio is a portfolio with a factor sensitivity of 1 to

a particular factor and zero to all other factors It represents a pure bet on one factor, and can be used for speculation orhedging purposes A tracking portfolio is a portfolio with a specific set of factor sensitivities Tracking portfolios are oftendesigned to replicate the factor exposures of a benchmark index like the Russell 2000 (Study Session 18, LOS 57.m)

Which of the following is an assumption of the arbitrage pricing theory (APT)?

Investors have quadratic utility functions

No arbitrage opportunities exist

Returns are normally distributed

Explanation

APT assumes that:

Asset returns are described by a multiple factor process

There are enough stocks that unsystematic risk can be diversified away

No arbitrage opportunities exist

Howard Michaels, CFA, is an analyst for Donaldson Associates Michaels is considering recommending a position in the retailsector for Donaldson's institutional clients Michaels has gathered the following information to help guide his decision Based

on previous research, Michaels expects the market and Treasury bills to return 10% and 4%, respectively

Question #33 of 125 Question ID: 464435

Question #35 of 125 Question ID: 464437

No, since capital market theory states that the return on investment is based on

the amount of total risk of the investment

No, because according to the CAPM model, Discount is overvalued

Yes, based on the information provided, we can confirm Jordan's statement that

Discount has a higher return and lower risk than Everything

Explanation

Jordan is incorrect by basing his claim on the use of standard deviation (total risk) as the measure of risk Capital markettheory asserts that the return on an investment is based on the amount of systematic risk of the investment (β) Because theunsystematic, or security specific portion of total risk can be diversified away, an investor is only compensated for assumingsystematic risk (LOS 57.f)

Which of the following is least likely an assumption of the CAPM?

Markets are perfectly competitive

Limited risk-free borrowing

Investors expectations are homogeneous

Explanation

The CAPM assumes that unlimited risk-free borrowing and lending is permitted (LOS 57.e)

According to the Markowitz decision rule, on a stand-alone investment basis, Michaels should:

prefer an investment $1 Discount Store

be indifferent between the two investments.

prefer an investment in Everything $5

Explanation

The Markowitz decision rule states that an investor should prefer Investment X to Investment Y if X's expected return is higherthan that of Y with no more risk than Y, or if X has the same expected return as Y with less risk According to the Markowitzdecision rule, Michaels should prefer the $1 Discount Store to Everything $5 because the $1 Discount Store has higherexpected return as Everything $5 with a lower standard deviation (LOS 57.b)

Suppose that Michaels has found the best predictor for a stock's future beta to be Expected beta = 0.33 + 0.67 × (Historicalbeta) The new expected return on the $1 Discount Store stock using expected (adjusted) beta in the CAPM is closest to:13%

β = 0.33 + (0.67)(1.5) = 0.33 + 1 = 1.33

E(R ) = R + β [E(R ) − R ] = 4% + 1.33(6%) = 12.0% (LOS 57.h)

Raj Shankar is a security analyst who uses the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to determine the fair valuation for stocks.Recently, Shankar examined the prospects for Mini Software Solutions (MSS), a small software company operating in

Southern California Shankar makes the following forecasts for MSS and for the broad market:

Shankar's forecasted return for MSS: 11%

Shankar's forecasted beta for MSS: 1.25

Expected return on the stock market index: 12%

Question #40 of 125 Question ID: 464393

The efficient frontier is useful for portfolio management because:

portfolios on the efficient frontier are optimal: the correlation between each efficient

portfolio, and the market portfolio is negative

portfolios on the efficient frontier are useful as factor portfolios

it significantly reduces the number of portfolios a manager must consider

Explanation

If we are selecting portfolios from a large number of stocks, say the S&P 500, rather than just two stocks, the number of possiblecombinations is extremely large We can restrict our search for possible portfolio combinations by focusing on those portfolios on theefficient frontier We know they dominate all the other possible choices because they offer higher return for the same level of risk

Janet Bellows, a portfolio manager, is attempting to explain asset valuation to a junior colleague, Bill Clay Bellows explanationfocuses on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) Of particular interest is her discussion of the security market line (SML),and its use in security selection

Bellows begins with a short review of the capital asset pricing model, including a discussion about its assumptions regardingtransaction costs, taxes, holding periods, return requirements, and borrowing and lending at the risk-free rate

Bellows then illustrates the SML, and explains how changes in the expected market return and the risk-free rate affect the line

stock

Question #42 of 125 Question ID: 464408

ᅞ A)

ᅚ B)

ᅞ C)

In an effort to learn whether Clay understands the concepts she has explained to him, Bellows decides to test Clay's

knowledge of valuation using the CAPM

Bellows provides the following information for Clay:

The risk-free rate is 7%

The market risk premium during the previous year was 5.5%

The standard deviation of market returns is 35%

This year, the market risk premium is estimated to be 7%

Stock A has a beta of 1.30 and is expected to generate a 15.5% return

The covariance of Stock B with the market is 0.18

The standard deviation of Stock B's returns is 41%

Using this information, Clay must calculate expected stock returns and betas Bellows especially wants to know Stock A'srequired return, and whether or not the stock is a good buy

Bellows then proposes a hypothetical situation to Clay: The stock market is expected to return 12.5% next year Clay questionsthat return estimate in the context of the data listed above, and Bellows responds with four possible explanations for theestimate:

The estimated risk premium is incorrect

Interest rates are likely to fall 1.5% over the next year

Given the data above, the return estimate is correct

The market beta is expected to rise over the next year

Then Bellows provides Clay with the following information about Ohio Manufacturing, Texas Energy, and Montana Mining:

Clay has been tasked with providing an investment recommendation on the three stocks

Based on the stock and market data provided above, which of the following data regarding Stock A is most accurate?

Question #43 of 125 Question ID: 464409

The beta of Stock B is closest to:

(Study Session 18, LOS 57.f)

Which of the following represents the best investment advice?

Buy Montana and Texas because their required return is lower than their

expected return

Avoid Texas because its expected return is lower than its required return

Buy Montana because it is expected to return more than Texas, Ohio, and the market

portfolio

Explanation

We can use the security market line (SML) to estimate the required return or beta on the various securities, and compare thiswith the expected returns

The SML looks like this: E(r) = R + β (RP )

Since Montana's beta is 1.50: 7.0 + 1.50(7.0) = 17.5% = the required return Because Montana's expected return is 15%, andthe required return is 17.5%, Montana should not be purchased Note that this is true even though Montana's expected return

is more than the other stocks and the market: it is not enough to compensate for the level of market risk assumed by holdingthe stock

Texas' required return = 11.0 = 7.0 + β(7.0), so β = (4/7) = 0.57 However, its expected return is less than the required return,

so regardless of the beta value, Texas should not be purchased

Ohio's required return is given as 10.5, and the expected return is 12.0 Hence, Ohio is a buy (Study Session 18, LOS 57.f)

Assuming the market return estimate of 12.5% is accurate, which of the following statements is the best explanation for theestimate?

2

Given the data above, the return estimate is correct.

The estimated risk premium is incorrect

Interest rates are likely to fall 1.5% over the next year

With regard to the capital asset pricing model, relaxing assumptions about:

taxes will reduce differences between the capital market lines of different

investors

risk free borrowing and lending rates results in a lower intercept and steeper slope

homogeneous expectations will result in the SML appearing more as a band instead

of a line

Explanation

Taxes change investors' return expectations Considering different marginal tax rates will result in a vast array of differentafter-tax requirements, leading to a vast array of CMLs and SMLs for different investors The assumption of no transactioncosts allows investors to make a profit even if a stock is just slightly off the SML If risk-free borrowing and lending does notexist, then a portfolio of risky securities must be created such that the portfolio beta equals zero The zero-beta portfolio issimilar to the risk-free asset in that both have zero betas, but they differ in that the zero-beta portfolio has a non-zero standarddeviation The expected return on the zero-beta portfolio exceeds the risk-free rate therefore the SML will now have a higherintercept and a flatter slope (Study Session 18, LOS 57.f)

If the market risk premium decreases by 1%, while the risk-free rate remains the same, the security market line:

Should the project be undertaken?

No, the forecasted return is less than the expected return of 23%

Yes, the forecasted return is less than the expected return of 18%

Yes, the forecasted return is more than the expected return of 13%

fundamental factor model

statistical factor model

macroeconomic factor model

Explanation

Macroeconomic factor models use unexpected changes (surprises) in macroeconomic variables as the factors to explain asset returns.One example of a factor in this type of model is the unexpected change in gross domestic product (GDP) growth In fundamental factormodels, the factors are characteristics of the stock or the company that have been shown to affect asset returns, such as book-to-market

or price-to-earnings ratios A statistical factor model identifies the portfolios that best explain the historical cross-sectional returns orcovariances among assets The returns on these portfolios represent the factors

The macroeconomic factor models for the returns on Omni, Inc., (OM) and Garbo Manufacturing (GAR) are:

Question #51 of 125 Question ID: 464559

Since the expected factor suprises and expected errors are all 0 by definition, the macroeconomic factor model for the portfolio is:

A tracking portfolio has factor exposures matched to those of a benchmark

The capital allocation line (CAL) with the market portfolio as the tangency portfolio is the:

security market line

capital market line

minimum variance line

Explanation

The capital market line is the capital allocation line with the market portfolio as the tangency portfolio

Given the following information, what is the expected return on the portfolio of the two funds?

The Washington Fund The Jefferson Fund

Portfolio variance = σ = (1 / n) σ + [(n − 1) / n]cov

ρ = (cov ) / (σ σ ) therefore cov = (ρ )(σ σ ) = (−0.21)(0.57)(0.57) = −0.068

σ = (0.57) = 0.32

σ = (1 / 5)(0.32) + (4 / 5)(−0.068) = 0.064 + (−0.0544) = 0.0096 or 1.00%

What happens to the minimum-variance frontier when:

Return forecasts fall? Covariance forecasts

fall?

Curve shifts down Curve shifts left

Curve shifts down Curve shifts down

Curve shifts left Curve shifts down

Question #56 of 125 Question ID: 464560

ᅚ A)

ᅞ B)

ᅞ C)

Questions #57-62 of 125

When the expected return forecast declines, the minimum-variance frontier moves down A decline in covariance forecasts willcause the curve to shift to the left

The Real Value Fund is designed to have zero exposure to inflation However its current inflation factor sensitivity is 0.30 Tocorrect for this, the portfolio manager should take a:

30% short position in the inflation factor portfolio

30% long position in the inflation factor portfolio

30% short position in the inflation tracking portfolio

Explanation

To hedge inflation, the fund should take a 30% short position in the inflation factor portfolio This short position will fully offsetthe fund's positive exposure to inflation Tracking portfolios are typically used for active asset selection and have multiplefactor exposures which would prevent them from adequately hedging the inflation exposure of the fund

Leslie Vista has never been satisfied with the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) because of its restrictive assumptions.Specifically, she is interested in Linear Theta Inc., a graphics chip manufacturer Linear's market model beta is estimated to be1.20 with an error variance of 11% While the model seems to work fairly well in her own stock-valuation systems, she doesnot trust results that depend on assumptions that are unrealistic in the real world Vista is a literal thinker and prefers tangiblesolutions She does not hold with theory and rarely draws intuitive conclusions

As an alternative to the CAPM, Vista decides to try out the arbitrage pricing model (APT) She likes the APT because it doesnot rely on the several assumptions that underlie the CAPM Vista does some research comparing the CAPM to the APT andlists some of the assumptions of the CAPM:

Markets are perfectly competitive

Investors use the Markowitz mean-variance framework

Represented by a multi-factor model

Unlimited risk-free lending and borrowing is permitted

When Vista tells her boss, Mark Mazur, about her desire to use the APT, Mazur warns her of weaknesses in both models Mazur also explains that the company has established the capital asset pricing model as its in-house valuation method andadvises that Vista familiarize herself with how to derive the capital market line (CML) and the security market line (SML).After reviewing studies on the CAPM and the APT, Vista decides to develop her own fundamental factor model She

establishes a proxy for the market portfolio, and then considers the importance of various factors in determining stock returns.She decides to use the following factors in her model:

Changes in payout ratios

Credit rating changes

Companies' position in the business cycle

Management tenure and qualifications

To compute the expected return on the portfolio using the CML, Vista needs the:

risk-free rate, market variance, portfolio variance, and expected market return

market variance, portfolio beta, risk-free rate, and expected portfolio return

expected market return, portfolio beta, and risk-free rate

CAPM is based on a multi-factor model

Markets are perfectly competitive

Explanation

The CAPM is represented by a single factor model with the factor being market risk The APT is a multifactor model whereseveral factors could be used to explain the model's returns (LOS 57.e)

Which of the following factors is least appropriate for Vista's factor model?

Companies' position in the business cycle

Changes in payout ratios

Management tenure and qualifications

Explanation

Fundamental factors are factors measured by characteristics of the companies themselves, like price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios

or growth rates Macroeconomic factors are economic influences on security returns A company's position in the businesscycle is dependent on the cycle itself, and cannot be accurately measured by looking at a company's fundamentals - businesscycle is a macroeconomic factor Payout ratios and management tenure are pieces of company-specific data suitable for use

in a fundamental factor model (LOS 57.j)

For this question only, assume that the market variance is 14% Using the market model, Linear's return variance is closest to:31%

28%

25%

Explanation

Question #61 of 125 Question ID: 464405

Which of the following statements made by Mazur least accurately identifies one of the CAPM's assumptions?

Investors can borrow and lend at the risk-free rate without limit, and they can

sell short any asset in any quantity

An investor's optimal allocation between risky and risk-free assets will depend on their

views about the risky assets' mean returns, variances of returns, and correlations

All assets are market traded, and investors can buy and sell assets in any quantity

without affecting price

often represented in practice by a value-weighted stock index

inefficient, as evidenced by the relationship between expected return and beta

observable because it is all-inclusive

Explanation

The market portfolio defined in the CAPM is unobservable because it is all-inclusive A common proxy for the market portfolio

is a broad value-weighted stock index The straight-line relationship between expected return and beta is due to the efficiency

of the market portfolio (LOS 57.e)

Sandy Wilson is a research analyst for WWW Equities Investments She has just finished collecting the information on Table 1

to answer questions posed by her supervisor, Jackie Lewis For example, using the Capital Market Line (CML), Lewis wants toknow the market price of risk Also, given all the attention paid to index funds in recent years, Lewis asked Wilson to see if anyone of the securities would prove a better investment than the S&P 500 If not, can she compose a portfolio from stocks A, B,and C that is more efficient than the S&P 500?

Lewis wants Wilson to explore whether the results on Table 1 are congruent with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).Using a regression analysis where the S&P 500 represents the market portfolio, she computes the beta of Stock A, and findsthat it equals one Using this, she will derive the betas of the other stocks and compare them to betas estimated with othertechniques As she performs her calculations, she reviews reasons why her results might not be congruent with the CAPM.Lewis asserts that the S&P 500 may not be a good proxy for "the market portfolio" needed for CAPM calculations