Quản trị trường đại học công lập việt nam trong bối cảnh hiện nay tt tiếng anh

AIMS OF THE STUDY Based on the theory and practice of the governance of public university, I proposed a governance model for Vietnamese public universities and operational mechanisms, me

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

VINH UNIVERSITY

DINH XUAN KHOA

GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES

IN THE PRESENT CONTEXT

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THE DISSERTATION WASCOMPLETED AT VINH UNIVERSITY

Dissertation advisor: Assoc Prof Dr Phạm Minh Hùng

Examiner 1: Prof Dr Phạm Hồng Quang

Examiner 2: Prof Dr Thái Văn Thành

Examiner 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Văn Lê

The dissertation will be defended before Vinh University examination committeee

At 8AM, June 22, 2019

The dissertation can be found at:

- Vietnam National Library

- Nguyen Thuc Hao Center for information and library, Vinh University

socio-In the past ten years, the country's higher education system has made fundamental changes, especially from the prespective of the diversification of ownership of universities and training types, as required by employers, which,

in turn, makes the university governance method as it was in the past no longer appropriate; fundamental changes are required to meet the increasing demands

of society and the current trend

Many issues related to university governance as university autonomy, accountability, university councils have just been studied and initially piloted Besides, the people who are in charge of administration at public universities are not fully equipped with administrative knowledge and practical skills This has greatly affected the efficiency of the governance of public universities

The Research proposes models and mechanisms to govern public universities in our country in the current context, which are both urgent and topical

From the above reasons, we choose the topic "Governance of Vietnam’s public universities in the current context" for our doctoral dissertation specializing in Education Management

2 AIMS OF THE STUDY

Based on the theory and practice of the governance of public university, I proposed a governance model for Vietnamese public universities and operational mechanisms, meeting the requirements of renovating higher education in the current context

3 THE FIELD AND OBJECT OF THE STUDY

3.1 The field of research: Activities of public universities

3.2 The object of research: The governance of public universities

4 SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESIS

The governance of public universities is currently a new and difficult issue and a limitation of Vietnam higher education The main reason is that no scientific basis has been established about governance of public universities, from the concept of governance to objectives, content, resources and governance subjects Especially, there is no model and mechanism for operating management of public university in accordance with the current conditions of our country and international experience The university governance can be improved if the governance model is proposed and implemented on the basis

of essential elements of governance of public universities

5.1.4 Proposing a model for Vietnam’s public university governance and operational mechanism

5.2 Scope of the research

5.2.1 The study proposes a governance model of public universities and operational mechanism at the university level (governance within the university)

5.2.2 Survey of the situation of the public university governance in five representative public universities

These are the schools: Can Tho University, Hanoi Industrial University, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technical Teacher Education, and Vinh University

5.2.3 Time for surveying the situation

From the academic 2016-2017 year to 2018-2019

6 APPROACHES AND RESEARCH METHODS

6.1 Approaches

The dessertation uses the following approaches: Systematic approaches; social approaches; Market approaches; development approach; practical approach

6.2 Research methodology

6.2.1 Group of theoretical research methods

This group of methods aims to gather theoretical information to build the theoretical basis of the topic

6.2.2 Group of practical research methods

This group of methods aims to collect practical information to build the practical basis of the topic

6.2.3 Mathematical statistical methods

Using statistical formulas to process the collected data, compare and give the research results of the thesis

7 ARGUMENTS THAT REQUIRES TO BE DEFENDED

7.1 University governance is a "leverage" for the improvement and improvement of quality in all areas of university education Therefore, between university governance and the quality of university education have a close relationship It is not possible to improve the quality of university education if the governance within public universities is not organized in a systematic manner, in accordance with its objectives, content and methods

7.2 The governance of public universities is currently the weakest stage

of the Vietnamese higher education In fact, public universities in our country

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are mainly managed, not governed The main reason for this limitation is that Vietnamese public universities have not yet had a suitable model and operational mechanism for the governance of institutions in the current context

7.3 Proposing a governance model for Vietnamese public universities and operational mechanisms needs to be based on a synchronous impact of the university governance; at the same time taking into account the influence of the state, the market, the participation of society and the trend of globalization in university education to the operation of university governance

8 NEW CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE DISSERTATION

8.1 Supplement and perfect theoretical issues about university governance of Vietnamese public university (concept of university governance; elements of the governance of public university; roles and requirements for capacity and quality for the administrators of public universities )

8.2 Develop a set of standards to evaluate the performance of the governance

- Chapter 1: Literature review

- Chapter 2: Theoretical foundation of public university governance

- Chapter 3: Practical basis of governance of public universities in Vietnam in the current context

- Chapter 4: Vietnamese university governance model and operational mechanism

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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 STUDY ON THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY

1.1.1 Overseas studies

Studies on university governance overseas focus on the following issues: Building a legal basis for university governance; significance of university governance; Principles in university governance; managerial structure; good university governance That is the study of authors such as Baldridge, Henard and Mitterle, Salmi, Conley

1.1.2 Domestic studies

In Vietnam, studies on university governance appeared mainly from the 2000s and focused on the following issues: The need to renew university governance; Autonomy and accountability are the core elements of university governance; university council is the model that university governance in Vietnam needs to move forward That is the study of the authors such as Tran Hong Quan, Do Duc Minh, Dang Quoc Bao and Nguyen Thi Hue, Pham Thi

Ly, Pham Phu, Thai Van Thanh, Le Viet Khuyen

1.2 RESEARCHES ON GOVERNANCE MODEL OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY

1.2.1 Study overseas

Overseas studies have produced different models of university governance such as: collegial model; Bureaucratic model; Model of public control; The model of the two depending sides (in the 1960s and 1970s); Model

"Coordination triangle" of Clark 2-dimensional model in university governance of Van Vught; The cybernetic model used in the university governance of Birnbaum (in the 1980s and 1990s); New styles of university governance of Kohler & Huber; Clark's "five-dimensional balance" model (from 2000 onwards)

1.2.2 Domestic studies on university governance model

In the country, the research works on the governance model of universities have only appeared in the past 10 years These studies are usually in the following three directions: 1) Applying the governance model in the field of economics into the governance of university; 2) Survey of university governance models in the world, thereby proposing a way to apply these models to governance vietnamese public university; 3) Give the governance model of Vietnamese public university on the basis of analyzing the socio-economic characteristics of the country; trend of innovation and development of university education in the country and the world That is the study of the authors such as Nguyen Huu Quy, Nguyen Thi Kim Anh, Pham Thi Lan Phuong, Pham Thi Ly, Le Duc Ngoc and Pham Huong Thao, Mai Trong Nhuan

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From the results of the general research, the thesis will focus on solving the following main issues: 1) Research on solving theoretical issues about governance of Vietnamese public university in the current context: Content Governing Vietnamese public university; ways to govern Vietnamese public university; subject of governance of Vietnamese public university; evaluate governance activities of Vietnamese public university; Factors affecting public universities governance ; 2) The study proposes a governance model

of public universities in the current context The proposed model must reflect the current issues of university governance such as: university autonomy, university concil, university - business, university - public services .; 3) Study the mechanism of operating the governance model for public university has proposed improving the efficiency of governance of public universities

CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1 From the research results in chapter 1, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1 Overview of the study of the problem plays a crucial role Through the review, the thesis has clarified the issues that need to be acquired, the issues that have not been clarified and the issues that need to be focused on for further research

2 The issue of university governance has been studied by many domestic and foreign authors These studies shed light on the basic theoretical and practical issues of university governance , from the meaning and importance of university governance to effective university governance

3 University governance model captures a lot of attention from many domestic and foreign authors These studies have produced many models of university governance in accordance with socio-economic conditions and conditions for developing university education of each country and region In which there are models that Vietnamese university education can study and apply

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CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE

2.1 PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM 2.1.1 Concepts

State-owned public universities are those institution that the State (central

or local) invest, construct (land, houses, equipment, .) The funding for activities is mainly from public donors or non-profit contributors Compared to private universities, public universities have many differences: Ownership, facilities and finance, management organization, degree of autonomy, role of the political Party The above differences, should be noted when developing the content, choosing the method and proposing the governance model of Vietnamese public university and operational mechanism

2.1.2 Characteristics of Vietnamese public universities today

Vietnamese public university currently have some of the following outstanding features: State oversights; High autonomy, high social responsibility; Academic freedom is expanding; Simultaneous development of scale and quality; the output is greatly cared; Closely associated with businesses and communities; Stakeholders are increasingly involved in university activities; To be provided with training and scientific research services through contracts with partners not only in the public sector but also outside of the public sector; Start applying the new governance models ( governing the universities like the administration of business ) into the governance of university; Power focused on university councils (collective leadership regime);

It is stratified into research-oriented universities and career-oriented universities

2.2 SOME ISSUES ON THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY 2.2.1 The concept of governance and university governance

2.2.1.1 The concept of governance

In the dissertation, the term governance should be understood as the structure of relationships to bring about cohesion, mandate policy , plan and make decision; responsible before organizations, businesses, and schools for the reliability, adaptability and cost effectiveness of management to achieve the expected results, through the division of responsibilities, resources

The concept of governance has a certain difference with the concepts of leadership, management and administration in terms of the objectives, content, method and subject of these activities

2.2.1.2 The concept of university governance

Based on the existing understanding, the thesis offers a number of new understandings about this concept:

First: university governance is the activity in which the administrators is present mission statement, vision and set strategic goals of the university; plan,

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make decisions about the university's policy and direction; decentralize and exercise power in universities; establish relationships between benefits and responsibilities within the university and between univerisities and stakeholders; build up branding and core values of the university; monitor and evaluate the implementation of university goals

Second: university governance is the process of organizing, operating and controlling university activities in order to achieve governance objectives

in the most optimal way, through the implementation of the content and mode

of governance

Third: university governance is a structural system, including administrative objectives, governance content, governance mode, governance subject, governance resources; These factors interact with each other and are affected at different levels from the State, market, society and the globalization trend of university education

The above understandings about the concept of governance of public university will be flexibly used in the thesis, especially when proposing a governance model for public universities and operational mechanism

2.2.2 The meaning and importance of university governance

University governance has the following meanings and importance: governance builds up university success; governance links universities with stakeholders; governance increases consensus and limits disagreements within the university

2.2.3 Elements of public university governance

2.2.3.1 The objectives of governance of public universities

Governance of public universities aims at the following objectives: Orienting the management of public universities, Building a democratic, public and creative higher education environment; Provide high quality higher education services

2.2.3.2 Content of governance of public universities

The content of governance of public university includes: Declaration of mission, vision and setting strategic goals of the university; Planning, making decisions on policies and operational orientation of universities in the areas of human resources, academia, finance; Decentralizing and enforcing power in schools, Establishing relationships about benefits and responsibilities within the university and between univerisities and stakeholders; Creating the core values and brand of the university; Monitor and evaluate the implementation of university goals

2.2.3.3 Methods of governance of public universities

University autonomy, accountability and educational quality accreditation are considered the three pillars of the university governance

2.2.3.4 Subjects of governance of public universities

Subjects of governance of public universities include: Party Committee, University Council and President Clearly defining the role of these actors is

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difficult because of certain "overlaps" ,however, it is relatively possible to identify the roles of Party Committee, University Council and President in governance of public universities as follows: Party Committee - leader of public university; University Council - administering the public university; President manages the public university

2.2.4 Some issues of model and mechanism for operating public university governance model

2.2.4.1 Some issues of public university governance model

In this section, the thesis presents the concept of governance model of public universities; elements of the governance model of public universities as a basis for proposing a governance model for Vietnam's public universities in the current context

2.2.4.2 Some issues on the mechanism of operating public university

governance model

In this section, the thesis presents the concept of operational mechanism and requirements for the operational governance mechanism of public universities 2.2.5 Roles and requirements for capacity and quality for public university administrators

2.2.5.1 Role of public university administrator

In the university, the administrators often play the following roles: leadership role; Communication role, Creative role; Control role; Role of coordination of resources, Role of negotiation

2.2.5.2 Requirements on competence and quality for public university administrators

To effectively govern the public universities, administrators need the following qualities and personalities: bravery and aspirations for success; Have strategic thinking and creativity; Ability to connect and persuade others; Ability

to lead universities to adapt to the changes of the socio-economic environment and science and technology; Knowledge of law and governance of the univerisities; have ability to govern effectively university resources

2.2.6 Assessment of public university governance

To evaluate the performance of governance of public universities, administrators need to do some of the following tasks well: Plan the evaluation of the performance of governance of public university; Develop a set of standards for the assessment of the governance activities for public universities Select methods and forms of assessment appropriate for each content, each method, each subject

of governance of public universities; Organize to evaluate the performance results of the work of governing of public universities

2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY

2.3.1 Objective factors

Generally speaking, objective factors affect the governance of public universities includes: State, market, society and globalization trend in higher

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education However, here the thesis only refers to some aspects of the above factors affecting the operation of the governance of public universities; including: Market economy; Trends and policies for higher education development; The development of university governance science;

2 The role of the administrators at public universities is expressed in terms of: leadership; link; the media; creation; control; coordination of resources; negotiate This role has defined the capabilities and qualities that the administrators need to have to govern public universities effectively

3 Effects on the governce of public universities are many These factors need to be taken into account during the administration process as well as when proposing a model, a mechanism to improve the efficiency of the governance of public universities

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CHAPTER 3 EMPIRICAL BASIS OF THE GOVERNANCE OF VIETNAM’S PUBLIC

UNIVERSITIES IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT

3.1 ORGANIZATION FOR SURVEYING SITUATION

3.1.1 Objectives of surveying situation

The objective of the survey is to properly and objectively assess the status

of public university governance to establish the empirical basis of the thesis 3.1.2 Contents of surveying situation

The survey focuses on the following three main issues: 1) The situation about the awareness of public university governance amongst participants; 2) The reality of assessment of public university governance activities; 3) The situation of public university governance (through case studies)

3.1.3 Sample and object of survey

3.1.3.1 For university units

The following 5 public universities were selected to survey: Can Tho University; Hanoi University of Industry, Saigon University; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technical Teacher Education; and Vinh University

3.1.3.2 For managers and lecturers

Managers who are subject of the survey include Board of Management; Dean and Vice Dean of faculty/training institute; Head, Deputy Head; Director / Deputy Director of center; Head of academic department The survey was conducted with 100% managers of the 5 selected universities As for lecturers, due to the large number of subjects, the study only randomly surveyed 10% (sample distance is 10) of lecturers of the 5 selected universities

3.1.4 Surveying method

The dissertation uses the following methods: Design survey forms to solicit opinions of managers and lecturers of public universities; Exchange opinions, interview by topic; Investigate the products of managers and lecturers

of public universities

3.1.5 How to process data and evaluation scale

3.1.5.1 How to process data

Data collected from the questionnaires are processed by SPSS software

3.1.6 Survey time

All comments and surveys were sent to the participants from October 2017, and opinions and questionnaires were collected in May 2018

3.2 SURVEY RESULTS

3.2.1 The reality of awareness of public university governance

The dissertation has examined the reality of participants’ awareness of the concept of governance, university governance; the significance and importance

of governance for public universities; contents of public university governance; public university governance, and public university governance model The