Thái độ với nghề của giáo viên mầm non các tỉnh tây nguyên tt tiếng anh

Research purposes Building up a theoretical framework, evaluating the reality of expression of attitude and factors affecting the reality; On that basis, proposing as well as experiment

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

VU THI THANH HIEN

ATTITUDE TOWARDS CAREER OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS PROVINCES

Major: Psychology Code: 9.31.04.01

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS ON PSYCHOLOGY

HANOI - 2019

The Thesis is completed in: Graduate Academy of Social Sciences,

under directly Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences

Scientific Instructors:

1 Assoc Prof Ph.D Phan Trong Ngo

2 Assoc Prof Ph.D Le Minh Nguyet

Reviewer 1: Prof Ph.D Tran Quoc Thanh

Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Ph.D Truong Thi Khanh Ha

Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Ph.D Tran Thi Minh Hang

The Thesis is defended at Thesis Review Council at the level of:

Graduate Academy of Social Sciences

At:… hour… , day… month … 2019

Further information of the Thesis can be found in:

- National Library

- Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, under directly Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences.

INTRODUCTION

1 The urgency of the topic

Attitude towards career is one of the most important factors determining quality of career and success in work Many studies on attitudes have shown that positive attitude towards career are proportional to success Having a positive attitude toward the career will be a motivation for every individual to work effectively

Early childhood education is the first level of education in the national education system This educational level plays an important role in human development strategy The teacher, therefore, is the leading element that determines educational quality and realizes educational goals Improving teacher’s quality is considered as the breakthrough and focus of the fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education, including the contingent of kindergarten teachers

Kindergarten teachers undertake the responsibly of taking care and educating children from 0 to 6 years old In addition to the general characteristics of pedagogical workers shown in other educational levels, kindergarten pedagogical workers also have certain characteristics The subjects for kindergarten pedagogical activity are kids from 3 months to 6 years old who are in the age of fast and strong development both physically and psychologically therefore kindergarten teaches not only takes the responsibility of educating the children but also taking care of the, nurturing and protecting them in all activities at the kindergarten schools

In addition to these above characteristics and the requirements of professional standards for kindergarten teachers in terms of quality and competence, the fact that kindergarten teachers must have a positive attitude towards career plays an extremely important role However, the reality of attitude towards careers of kindergarten teachers is alarming Besides the beautiful examples of kindergarten teachers having positive attitude toward career, there are many kindergarten teachers showing negative expressions that contrary to professional ethnics, and involving in kindergarten children violence causing anger in public It can be said that one of the causes of these heartbreaking incidents finding the root from a part of kindergarten teachers who have not shown positive attitude towards career

Together with the whole country, the Central Highlands is carrying out the task

of fundamental and comprehensive innovation in education and has shown remarkable changes in all aspects Nevertheless, compared to the whole country, the Central Highlands has still faced lots of socio-economic difficulties, especially in remote and ethnic minority communes, where infrastructure is limited raising worries

in kindergarten teachers and leading to negative attitude towards career which resulted in ineffective professional activities

In recent years, in the country as well as in the world, psychologists have paid much attention to the research of the attitude and attitude toward career of the workers However, until now in Vietnam, there has been no research on attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

For the above reasons, we realize that improving attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces, thereby improving the quality of kindergarten teacher contingent, contributing to ensuring the educational

development strategy of the Central Highlands is an urgent demand That is the

reason why we choose the research topic: “Attitude towards career of kindergarten

teachers in the Central Highlands Provinces”

2 Research purposes and tasks

2.1 Research purposes

Building up a theoretical framework, evaluating the reality of expression of attitude and factors affecting the reality; On that basis, proposing as well as experimenting some psychological pedagogical measures aiming at building up positive and proper attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

2.2.3 Surveying the reality of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

in the Central Highlands provinces, determining factors affecting that reality

2.2.4 Experimenting some psychological and pedagogical measures to enhance the attitude of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

3 Research subjects and scope

3.1 Research subject: The expressions of attitude towards career of kindergarten

teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

3.2 Research scope

3.2.1 Scope of research content

The thesis only studies the expressions of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces through the following aspects: Attitude towards children; attitudes towards career value; attitude towards child caring and educational activities and attitude towards learning and fostering activities to enhance the professional qualifications and skills

3.2.2 Scope of research area

- Researching the reality in 3 provinces of Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Gia Lai, including; 6 schools in the region having favorable socio-economic conditions (region 1), 6 schools in the region having socio-economic difficulties but have been temporarily stabilized (region 2), 6 schools in the region having extremely socio-economic difficulties (region 3)

- Carrying out pedagogical experiments at kindergarten schools in Dak Lak province

3.2.3 Scope of research object

Total survey participants: 395 Among them, the exploratory survey participants: 30 (28 kindergarten teachers; 2 managers); the official survey participants: 347 kindergarten teachers, 18 managers

Experimentally impacted participants: 36; Control participants: 34

In-depth interview participants: kindergarten teachers: 10, managers: 10, Parents: 10

4 Approaches, research methods and scientific hypotheses

4.1 Approaches

- Activity approach

- System approach

- Specific historical approach

4.2 Research methods (presented in chapter 3)

4.3 Scientific hypothesis

The majority of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces have average attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers expressed through their cognition, emotion and action in 4 areas: children; career value; children care and education activities and learning and fostering to improve professional qualifications

There are many factors affecting attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces, including both subjective and objective factors, in which objective factors have stronger influence than subjective factors

It is possible to enhance attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces positively by impacting on the cognition of kindergarten teachers with psychological pedagogical measures

5 New contributions of the thesis

5.1 Theoretical contribution

The research results of the thesis have contributed to clarifying the theoretical issues about attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers Specifically: The thesis has built up the concept of attitude, especially the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers, along with transformed the concept of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers into measurable indicators; identified attitude toward career through 3 aspects: cognition, emotion and behavior; developed criteria to evaluate attitude towards career

of kindergarten teachers including: the readiness and attitude tendency

6 The theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

6.1 Theoretical significance

The research results on theory contribute to clarifying and enriching the theory

of attitude in psychology, attitude towards career, attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in Pedagogical Psychology, Social Psychology and Pedagogics The research results can also be used as the theoretical materials in teacher training and fostering activities, in psychological research and educational science

6.2 Practical significance

Results of the reality of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the

Central Highlands provinces and the factors affecting that reality will be a source of practical materials to help pedagogical universities and educational managers develop training strategies to develop the contingent of teachers, especially the contingent of kindergarten teachers in regions with economic difficulties and ethnic minority as well as to enable kindergarten teachers to self-recognize and self-evaluate the own attitude towards career

The proposed impact measures and empirical verification measures will be the references in regular training activities to enhance the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers, as well as to help kindergarten teachers adjust their attitudes towards careers positively

7 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, recommendations and lists of references, the thesis structure includes 4 chapters:

Chapter 1: An overview of the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers Chapter 2: Theoretical basis for the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers Chapter 3: Research organization and methods

Chapter 4: Practical research results of the attitude towards career of

kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

1.1.1 Study on attitude as a personal psychological function

1.1.1.1 Study on attitude as a personal subjective category in the interaction between society and individuals like the following authors:

Gordon Allport Stephen Worchel - Wayne Shebillsue, R.S Feldman; Richard J Gerrig and Philip G Zimbardo; Nicky Hayes; A.Ph Lazuxki; V.A.Iadov; D.N.Uznatze

Pham Minh Hac; Tran Trong Thuy, Nguyen Quang; Vo Thi Minh Chi

1.1.1.2 Study on the function of attitude

This is one of the approaches in attitude studies that are common in the US and some Western countries The authors having research in this direction are W.I.Thomas and F.Znaninecki, R.A.Likert, R.T.La Piere, G.P.Allport, M Sherif (1960,1961), M.L DeFleur and F.R Westie (1963), M Rokeach (1968), McGuire (1969), T.M Ostrom (1969), M Fishbein and I Ajzen (1972,1975),

In Vietnam, psychologists who study the achievements of world psychology and home psychology reality have given some basic views on the position, the role of attitude

in practical activities Typical psychologists can be named as Pham Minh Hac, Nguyen Quang Uan, Tran Hiep, Le Duc Phuc, Vu Dung, Le Van Hao and many others, etc

1.1.2 Studies on the structure and expression of individual attitude

The popular views on attitude consists of three components: cognition, emotion-

and behavior given by M Smith in 1942 and later Krech, Crutchfield & Ballachey have been recognized by many psychologists such as Breckler, McGuire, Rosselli, Skelly & Mackie; Tesser & Martin, Petty, Wegener & Fabrigar, etc and generally referred to as the CEB framework (Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Framework)

1.1.3 Study on the formation and change of personal attitude

Typical authors are: Tesser; Hovland, Janis and Kelley; Bandura of Larsen; Coleman; Forbes and Johnson, Abramson, Baker and Caspi

1.1.4 Study on the attitude measuring methods

Typical authors are: Bogardus; Thurstone and Chave; Likert

Edward Jones and Harold Sigall; Petty and Fabrigar; Larsen and Minton; group

of authors Larsen, Cary, Chaplin, Deane, Green, Hyde and Zuleger; A.W Wichker; group of authors Larsen and Le Van Hao

1.2 Studies on the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

1.2.1 Studies on attitude towards career

Attitude towards career is one of the issues that have attracted the attention and research in the Western in the very early day Since the first half of the twentieth century, some Western researchers have begun to focus on this issue, typical authors can be named as follows:

Chester Barnard (1938) and Simson (1974); R Turner Lawrence and Hulin; Allport GW, Vernon PE; Kluckhohn C (1983), Mortimer JT, Finch M Shanahan M, Ryu S (1992)

Blood-In Vietnam, there are authors doing the same research such as Pham Minh Hac, Nguyen Khac Vien, Tran Hiep, Do Long, Nguyen Quang Uan and Le Ngoc Lan There are a number of studies on attitude towards career based on attitude theory, these studies mainly focus on the reality of attitude towards specific issues, from which proposing measures and how to form positive attitudes of the objects towards the research issues, these names can be list as Phan Ngoc Anh and partners, Bui Thi Thanh, Phi Thi Nguyet Thanh, Pham Manh Ha, Le Thi Thanh Huong, Tran Thi Thanh Huong, Doan Van Dieu, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thuy Huong, etc

1.2.2 Studies on the attitude towards career of the teachers

The attitude towards career of teachers have not attracted the research attention of scientists The research on the teaching attitude of university lecturers by author Nguyen Thi Tinh posted in the Journal of Psychology No 8/2009 can considered as a rare study

CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1

Through the research overview, it can be seen that psychologists have studied attitudes, the attitudes, attitude towards career and attitude forming and developing factors under many angles, some authors have relied on many premise theories to consider attitudes with different purposes

There is a variety of research works on attitude and attitude towards career However, the studies have just described in-depth the structure and function of attitude; analyzed the attitude reality through public questionnaires, but not deeply studied the level and expression of attitude towards its objects in specific situations and conditions This is an open tendency for us to study this issue

Particularly, the studies on attitude in Vietnam focus only on studying the

attitude towards career of pupils, students, young employees, civil servants and lecturers; there have not still found any sufficient, systematic and in-depth studies on

the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers Therefore, the study of “Attitude

towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces” will

contribute to clarifying the above issue

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS CAREER

OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS 2.1 Attitude towards career

2.1.1.3 Criteria for evaluating attitude

In the framework of this thesis, to measure the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers, we focus mainly on two criteria: the readiness and attitude tendency

- Readiness of attitude: It is necessary to define if personal expression target to

the object The readiness is the basis of cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses, helping individuals develop a positive attitude towards the object who has found values and benefits that satisfy the personal needs or a negative attitude towards the object that the individual found unrewarding”

- Attitude tendency: is the subject's reaction to the object in certain direction,

positively or negatively (is the cognition of phenomena by positive or negative point

of view) expressed in cognition emotion and behavior towards subjects in a positive

2.1.2.2 Concept of attitude towards career

Attitude towards career is the readiness of workers to career activities in a certain direction (positive or negative), through cognition, emotion and behavior

2.2 Attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

2.2.1 Kindergarten teacher career:

2.2.1.1 Concept of kindergarten teacher career:

Kindergarten teacher career is a profession trained with professional knowledge and skills on taking care and educating children from 3 months to 6 years old

2.2.1.2 Concept of kindergarten teachers

Kindergarten teachers are persons working in early childhood; education establishments, taking care of and educating children from 3 months to 6 years old The trainings have provided teachers with qualities and capabilities of early childhood education, a system of knowledge about the development of psychophysiology of children aged from 0 to 6 years; professional methods, care and education skills for kindergarten children to meet social requirements

2.2.2 Concept of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

The attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers is the readiness to head to care and education skills for kindergarten children in a certain direction (positive or negative) expressed through the career cognition, emotion and behavior of the teachers

2.2.3 Expression of attitude towards the career of kindergarten teachers

Attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers is expressed through three aspects: career cognition, emotion and behavior of the kindergarten teachers

2.2.4 Criteria for evaluating attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

2.2.4.1 The readiness in the attitude towards the career of kindergarten teachers

The readiness in the attitude towards the career of kindergarten teachers expressed in the orientation to career of the kindergarten teachers which is concretized by levels of readiness, from low to high The expressions are found in being ready for career cognition, emotion and behavior

2.2.4.2 Attitude tendency towards the career of kindergarten teachers

The attitude tendency towards career of kindergarten teachers is reflected positively or negatively through the career cognitive tendency, emotional tendency and behavioral tendency of the kindergarten teachers

2.3 Factors affecting the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

- Subjective factors: Career responsibilities, career qualifications, career age and experience, emulation achievements

- Objective factors: Working locations, local culture, salary and remuneration regime of the State for teachers and pedagogical contingent; the evaluation, recognition and honor of schools, parents, and society

Attitude towards career is the readiness of workers to career activities in a certain direction (positive or negative), through cognition, emotion and behavior

The attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers is the readiness to head to care and education skills for kindergarten children in a certain direction (positive or negative) expressed through the career cognition, emotion and behavior of the teachers

Attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers is expressed through three aspects of cognition, emotion and behavior and is evaluated by two criteria: the readiness and attitude tendency

The attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces has been influenced by many factors, including both subjective and objective ones Subjective factors can be listed as career responsibilities, career qualifications, career age and experience and emulation achievements Objective factors can be listed as: working locations, and local culture; salary and remuneration regime of the State for teachers and pedagogical contingent; the evaluation, recognition and honor of schools, parents, and society

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH ORGANIZATION AND METHODS

3.1.2 Select research objects:

- Exploratory surveys: 30

- Mass surveys: 347

- Interview: 10 kindergarten teachers, 10 managers and 10 parents

- Observation: 4 kindergarten teachers (from the mass surveys)

- Impacted experimental sample: 36 experimental participants, 34 control participants

Step 1: Develop a theoretical framework

Step 2: Develop a research tool set

Step 3: Experiment and correct the research tool set

Step 4: Collect data

Step 5: Propose impact measures

Step 6: Conduct experiments

Step 7: Process the collected data and write the thesis

3.2 Research Methods

3.2.1 Methods of researching documents

Collecting and processing information to build theoretical and methodological bases for research issues

This method is to collect the information needed to serve the research topic

We have developed 2 sets of questionnaires on basic content related to research issues for kindergarten teachers and managers

The process of questionnaires building-up is conducted in two steps:

a Prepare questionnaires and conduct surveys to complete the questionnaires

b Quantify the information obtained from the questionnaires

In order to quantify the information obtained from the questionnaires, we designed 5 answers for each question, corresponding to the low-to-high levels which

is calculated equivalently by points from 1 to 5

The maximum GPA (Grade Point Average) is 5, the minimum is 1 The higher the point the teacher achieved, the higher the expression of attitude is appreciated The quantitative point for each level is determined based on the normal distribution, which means that GPA of the whole research sample and the Standard Deviation (SD) Specifically, the basis for dividing point ranges is as follows:

Level 1 <GPA - 2SD

GPA - 2SD ≤ Level 2 < GPA - 1SD

GPA - 1SD ≤ Level 3 <GPA + 1SD

GPA + 1SD ≤ Level 4 <GPA + 2SD

Level 5 ≥ GPA + 2SD

3.2.4 In-depth interview method

After processing and preliminarily analyzing the results of practical surveys on

a large scale, the remaining problems shall be continued to explore through in-depth interviews

3.2.5 Experimental pedagogy method

Experimenting the psychological impact measures to the cognition of kindergarten teachers to improve the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

3.2.6 Methods of processing data by mathematical statistics

in order to process the data obtained by questionnaires

- Descriptive statistical analysis using indicators: Grade point average, standard deviation, frequency and percentage index of the answers

- The analysis of statistical reasoning using statistical methods: Comparative analysis, binary correlation analysis

3.3 The scale of evaluating the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

3.3.1 Overall evaluation of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

in the Central Highlands provinces

Based on the criteria for evaluating the attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers presented in Chapter 2, we use a 5-level scale (5 levels) to determine the level of expression of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

Level 1 Very low and negative attitude of readiness

Level 2 Relatively low and negative attitude of readiness

Level 3 Average attitude of readiness

Level 4 Relatively high and positive attitude of readiness

Level 5 Greatly high and positive attitude of readiness

3.3.2 Evaluation of the expressions of the attitude towards career of the kindergarten teachers through different aspects

3.3.2.1 Expression of attitude towards career through cognition

- Level 1: Very low and negative level of cognitive readiness towards career

- Level 2: Relatively low and negative level of cognitive readiness towards career

- Level 3: Average level of cognitive readiness towards career

- Level 4: Relatively high and positive level of cognitive readiness towards career

- Level 5: Greatly high and positive level of cognitive readiness towards career

3.3.2.2 Expression of attitude towards career through emotion

- Level 1: Very low and negative level of emotional readiness towards career

- Level 2: Relatively low and negative level of emotional readiness towards career

- Level 3: Average level of emotional readiness towards career

- Level 4: Relatively high and positive level of emotional readiness towards career

- Level 5: Greatly high and positive level of emotional readiness towards career

3.3.2.3 Expression of attitude towards career through behavior

- - Level 1: Very low and negative level of behavioral readiness towards career

- Level 2: Relatively low and negative level of behavioral readiness towards career

- Level 3: Average level of behavioral readiness towards career

- Level 4: Relatively high and positive level of behavioral readiness towards career

- Level 5: Greatly high and positive level of behavioral readiness towards career

CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 3

The thesis is studied according to a rigorous organizational cycle through each step, each phrases and through combining many typical research methods psychology The thesis research process is carried out in three phases: theoretical research, practical research and experimental research

Research methods include: Method of reasoning research, surveying methods, observation methods, expert methods, in-depth interview methods, experimental pedagogy method The collected data are processed qualitatively and quantitatively at the scientific and clarified level with the support of SPSS data processing software version 20.0

Using the 5-level scale to determine the levels of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces by convention: Level 1 Very low and negative attitude of readiness; Level 2 Relatively low and negative attitude of readiness; Level 3 Average attitude of readiness; Level 4 Relatively high and positive attitude of readiness; Level 5 Greatly high and positive attitude of readiness

CHAPTER 4 PRACTICAL RESEARCH RESULTS ON ATTITUDE TOWARDS CAREER OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS IN THE CENTRAL

HIGHLANDS PROVINCES

4.1 Reality of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

4.1.1 Overall evaluation of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers

in the Central Highlands provinces

4.1.1.1 General consideration of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces

a Attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in the Central Highlands provinces expresses in three aspects of cognition, emotion and behavior

Table 4.1 The expressions of attitude towards career of kindergarten teachers in

the Central Highlands provinces