- General objective: The objective of the thesis is to study the spatial organizing of UA in the existing urban environment for urbanplanning toward sustainable urban development harmoni
Trang 1-TRUONG QUOC SU
SPATIAL FORMING OF URBAN AGRICULTURE BASING ON SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING HARMONIZING WITH LOCAL IDENTITIES IN
MEKONG DELTA
DEPARMENT: REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNINGCODE : 9580105
SUMMARY OF THE REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING THESIS
Ho Chi Minh City – 2019
Trang 2UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE HO CHI MINH CITY
Scientific instructor: 1 Assoc.Prof.PhD PHAM TU
2 PhD DO PHU HUNG
First reviewer: Prof.PhD NGUYEN TO LANG
Second reviewer: Assoc.Prof.PhD DAM THU TRANG
Third reviewer: Assoc.Prof.PhD PHAM ANH DUNG
The thesis will be defended before the School-level Committee at:UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE HO CHI MINH CITY
The thesis can be found at the library:
LIBRARY OF UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE HCMCGENERAL SCIENCES LIBRARY OF HOCHIMINH CITY
Trang 31 Reason to choose the topic.
The rise of agricultural activity in urban space, also known asurban agriculture (UA), is taking place strongly in the context ofurbanization appearing everywhere UA is emerging as a trend whichhas been researched and practiced increasingly and widely indeveloped countries as well as developing countries Experimentalcases show that UA has coined many opportunities for urbanplanning toward sustainable trend on a global scale The MekongDelta (MD) which is considered one of the long traditional cradles ofVietnamese agriculture has been positively contributing to thedevelopment of the country Currently the MD is planned to be one
of four key economic regions, one of six urbanized regions of thecountry, in which the urban system plays a role of driving force foreconomic - cultural and social development However, urban areas inthe MD are currently facing challenges in the urbanization processthat exceeds the municipality’s management and undergoing greatimpacts of climate change and sea level rise which posing a risk ofdirectly affects to urban and living environment of urbanite
The development orientation of MD region is determined that theurban system to play the role as regional center for socio-economicdevelopment, in which agricultural factors contribute to most areas
of life However, in the existing urban space, unfortunately the trend
of ecological agriculture, high-tech agriculture and agriculturalecotourism has not been formalized to be UA Therefore, it isnecessary to recognize and have scientific thinking about UA, UAmust become a new driving force to contribute to urban constructionplanning toward sustainable development in the MD Therefore, the
Trang 4issue of organizing agricultural space in urban spatial structure toincrease new values for urban areas in the MD is very urgent in
current context For the above reasons, the topic “Spatial forming of
UA basing on sustainable urban planning harmonizing with local identities in the MD”, which is in the faculty of region and urban
planning, has been choosen for research thesis
2 Research objectives.
- General objective: The objective of the thesis is to study the spatial
organizing of UA in the existing urban environment for urbanplanning toward sustainable urban development harmonizing withagricultural ecological trend and local identity in the MD
- Specific objectives: To achieve the general goal, the specific
objectives need to be clarified: Identify appropriate spaces for UAactivities in the MD; Proposing general-oriented solutions for UA inaspects of master planning – spatial organizing and forming in MD;Proposing appropriate models of UA in the MD Application ofresearch results to specific urban cases in the MD
3 Research content The thesis has 5 main contents:
- First, overview of UA space in the world, in Vietnam, and the
status quo of UA in the MD from the perspective of urbandevelopment;
- Second, research methodology and scientific foundations on spatial
organizing of UA in urban areas in accordance with urbandevelopment planning in the MD;
- Third, studying the general orientations of solutions for master
planning, spatial organizing and forming solutions of UA towardssustainable urban development harmonzing with local identities inthe MD;
Trang 5- Forth, study application of thesis results in the case of urban areas
namely Cao Lanh city, Dong Thap province;
- Fifth, Discuss the research results and expand the following
research issues
4 Research subjects and scope
- Subject of study: With the objectives and content of the research,
the subject of research are identified as urban space and existingagricultural models in the MD urban area In addition, issues related
to UA are also research subjects
- Scope of study: The thesis refers to the research space as the urban
space in the MD The study timeline was determined from 1990(when the initial concepts, arguments about UA in the world werediscussed) to 2050
5 Research methodology: The object of research with the main
subject is urban planning in the context of UA appearing, so from thesystematic and multidisciplinary approach, the author identifiesscientific research methods appropriate to the objectives and contentresearch of the thesis
6 The scientific and practical meanings of the research topic
- Scientific significance: The scientific foundations for asserting UA
which appears in urban environment towards sustainable urbandevelopment model with local identity in MD
- Practical significance: Bringing UA becomes a new driving force
for urban development Especially UA is renovating the existingurban space and increasing the efficiency of using urban landresources In addition, it aims to recognize the role of UA in urbandevelopment planning
7 Concepts and terms related to research subjects
Trang 6- Group of urban concept and others related concepts: including
urban; urbanization; urban space; urban spatial organizing; and someconcepts of sustainable urban development such as ecological urbanand agro-eco urban
- Group of UA concept and related concepts: including urban
agriculture; space of urban agriculture; Spatial organizing of urbanagriculture; Landscape of urban agriculture production; multi-functional urban agriculture; urban agriculture green infrastructure;Some concepts related to agriculture and agriculture in urban areas
- Group of identity concept and urban with local identity: including
identity; urban identity; place-based urban and urban bearing localidentity
8 Relevant studies and existing problems:
- Research related to UA: Most researches on UA and issues related
to UA are present in the form of scientific articles or case study Asmall number of in-depth research thesis on UA is mainly in fieldssuch as agriculture, economy, environment, geography
- Existing problems: Up to now, there has been almost no research
on UA from urban planning and design field In which, the use ofurban planning and design tools to diversify urban functional spaces
is still a “gap” for urban systems in Vietnam in general and in the
MD in particular
9 The thesis structure: In addition to the introduction and
conclusion, the main content of the thesis consists of 3 chapters:Overview of UA in the world, in Vietnam and in the MD; Researchmethodology and scientific basis for space organization of UA inurban system in MD; Research results and discussion
Trang 7CHAPTER I: OVERVIEW OF URBAN AGRICULTURAL SPACE IN THE WORLD, IN VIETNAM AND IN THE MD URBAN AREAS
1.1 Overview of UA space in urban areas in the world
1.1.1 Brief history of formation and development process of UA space: The urban agricultural space is formed from the early urban
period to the difficult and crisis urban period and is now more andmore popular in the period of urban development In the context ofthe agricultural revolution, the impact of the environmental crisis aswell as the dryness of modern urban have framed the important role
of UA today
1.1.2 Some typical spatial models of UA: For each stage of
formation and development, there are typical urban agriculturalmodels These are horizontal spatial models of UA such ascommunity garden models, urban farm space models The verticalspatial model of UA such as the model of agricultural specializedhigh-rise space and the model of high-rise space combining the urbanagricultural activites with other functional spaces of the urban
1.1.3 Trends in spatial development of UA So far there are 3
basic trends as follows: (1) Trend of urban agricultural spatial development is an organic component in urban: Organic in urban spatial structure and organic in urban social activities (2) The trend
of space development of UA increases new values for urban areas:
The integration of UA space in the direction of multi-functiondiversifies functional space and increases the value of urban land use
In addition, it brings value of environmental benefits, landscape
values and urban greening, and humanistic value to urban space (3) Trend of UA space development contributes to sustainable urban
Trang 8development: Contributing to sustainable development in the
environmental, economic, and social fields of urban areas
1.2.General situation of agricultural space in Vietnamese cities
1.2.1 Agricultural models in urban areas
- Formal agricultural models: Today, urban areas in Vietnam have
some agricultural models planned such as traditional agriculturalfarming models, high quality agricultural models and organicecological agricultural models These models are considered formalagricultural activities in urban areas
- Informal agricultural models in urban areas: Some agricultural
models which are not included in urban planning are called informalmodels such as agricultural crops and animal husbandry inhouseholds or combining with urban functional spaces These modelsare usually small and impulsive
1.2.2 General situation of agricultural land in urban areas:
Agricultural land in urban areas is considered as reserve land inurban development planning and land fund for construction projects
in the process of urbanization Therefore, the phenomenon of illegalconstruction on agricultural land and the phenomenon of agriculturalland fund “disappearing” is quite common in urban areas in Vietnam
in the process of urbanization
1.3 Status quo of agriculture in urban area of MD
1.3.1 Some agricultural models in urban areas: The agriculture
in urban areas of MD also has the same situation as other cities.Actual survey of some typical models has the following results:
- Model of orchards intermingling with tourism activities: Model of
orchards in My Khanh (Can Tho) has not only organizedentertainment activities but it also creates a relaxing space in the
Trang 9form of a gardening house Orchards in the Vinh Long city hasorganized countryside cuisine in combination with entertainment ofamateur music In the MD, the agricultural model of orchards mixedwith tourism activities is currently quite popular
- Model of traditional agricultural village: In most current urban
areas, there are traditional agricultural activities of various industriessuch as weaving in Vinh Long, Ben Tre with handicrafts, agriculturalproducts processing as confectionery village in Soc Trang, driedseafood in Chau Doc, My Tho with ricepaper and ornamental flower
in Cho Lach, Sa Dec However, the ability to develop in the direction
of agricultural tourism is still limited because the models of
traditional agricultural villages are often minor and dispersed.
- Model of high-rise farm in urban areas: Today, there is a kind of
farm in the form of “high-rise architecture”, attracting and breedingsalanganes as in Rach Gia and Go Cong cities Most models existinformally in the form of intensive farming or combined withhousing functions in urban areas that have set the issues of
development policy.
- Model of high-tech agricultural zone: In Can Tho, Vi Thanh and
Tan An, a quantity of high-tech agricultural areas are being plannedalthough most of them are still in the early stages of development.This model has created many challenges, mainly in the conclusion oftechnical infrastructure and the high-tech application on centralizedproduction and towards planning as an urban functional area
- Model of nature-based agriculture: Considered as a sustainable
farming model by promoting the circulation of natural andcomplementary elements in a farming area to reinstate, maintain andpromote the harmony of nature There are some examples of these
Trang 10models such as traditional rice production in Nga Nam (Soc Trang);shrimp farming - planting forests in Nam Can (Ca Mau); growinglotus in Sadec, Lap Vo (Dong Thap).
1.3.2 Impact of urbanization: The urbanization process in the MD
significantly impacts the expansion of urban boundaries to the urban areas and the increases of agricultural land use conversion, aswell as almost every aspect of social life In general, urbanization in
peri-MD has a direct impact on agricultural activities in urban areas,affecting urban space where UA is happening as well as on economiccultural society and life of urbanite
1.3.3 Current status of agricultural space in urban areas Looking from the perspective of urban planning: From the
-perspective of spatial aspect of agriculture in urban spatial structure,agricultural models in the existing urban areas are formed mainlyspontaneously, with small and medium scales, dispersed in urbanareas From the perspective of agricultural activities in urban spatialfunctions, agricultural models in the existing urban areas havespecialized functions in agricultural production, which is oftensingular function, so agricultural activities mainly take place in theplanned space as agricultural land in urban areas From theperspective of agricultural image in urban spatial morphology,agricultural activities in urban area are now mainly in the field ofcultivation such as rice, fruit trees, flower and clean vegetables bringcountryside images in urban landscape
1.4 Some scientific works and theses, dissertations study the same direction of the topic
1.4.1 Scientific study on UA: In the world, UA is becoming a
phenomenon that has been studied in many fields, especially in
Trang 11urban planning and architecture However, in Vietnam, research on
UA is still little in quantity and limited in term of research field andmainly focused on the agricultural sector There are no studies of
UA related to urban development planning
1.4.2 Thesis, dissertation: Until now, there have been a number
of thesis and dissertations studying UA in the field of agricultural development, geography and environment The research
eco-on UA in Vietnam which directly related to urban developmentplanning, especially in the aspect of urban space, is not available
1.5 The need to study spatial forming of UA in MD
The problem for urban areas in the MD in the current context is thatwith the emergence of UA, first of all, it is necessary to recognizethat UA activities taking place in urban space, then consider UA as anew motivation factor in urban development On the other hand, theurban area of MD has many different conditions that need to beresearched to develop UA in accordance with the context of the MD
as well as the characteristics of each city With such approach, thespace where UA activities take place must be studied and organizedtogether with the urban space developing orientation or urbandevelopment planning strategies, through urban planning tools,aimed at the common goal of sustainable urban development andharmonizing local identity Therefore, the need to study spatialforming of UA is to set specific goals and contents It is theawareness of the role and position of UA activities in urban area It is
to build multidimensional approach for UA in the context ofurbanization and climate change in the MD Finally, it is to buildscientific bases to orient general solutions on spatial organizing of
UA appropriate in urban environment
Trang 12Chapter II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF SPATIAL FORMING OF UA IN THE MD 2.1 Research methodology
2.1.1 Approach
- System approach: A synchronous approach of several research
methods related to spatial objects of urban and UA On whichpropose appropriate research methods for the research content
- Multidisciplinary approach: Urban and UA issues are interrelated
to many sectors and areas therefore in thesis, a multi-disciplinaryapproach is selected in order to obtaining an overall view whenproposing appropriate research methods
2.1.2 Scientific research method: Based on the above approach,
scientific research methods are suitable for each content and theresearch results are determined respectively They are: field-workmethod; logic-historical method; synthetic analysis method;statistical method; modeling method and forecasting method
2.2 Theoretical foundations of spatial forming of UA in the MD:
Spatial forming of UA towards sustainable urban development andharmonizing with local identities are the two main contentsmentioned in the scientific basis
2.2.1 Viewpoints- arguments and theories about spatial organizing
of UA towards sustainable urban development planning
- Some oriented viewpoints of author: There are two scientific
viewpoints which had been identified as the foundation for theresearch process Firstly, the urban agricultural spatial organizing isbased on the outlook of sustainable urban development towardsecology This viewpoint will be throughout the process of buildingscientific foundations on the multidimensional relationship between
Trang 13urban agriculture and the urban environment Secondly, spatialorganizing of UA is carried out according to the viewpoint ofrenewing urban space With this viewpoint, the author assumes thatagricultural activities will maodify the basic characteristics of urbanspace in terms of structural, functional and morphological To agreater extent, it can be said that the concept of urban spacereplenishment will increase the value of urban areas in areas such asland use, economy, culture and society arising from these activities.
- Basic arguments about urban agricultural space: The thesis
summarizes four basic arguments about urban agricultural spacefrom the above scientific perspectives Firstly, the theory of newurbanism contributes to optimizing land use and diversifying urbanspatial functions Secondly, the theory of continuous productiveurban landscape contributes to effective greening and adapting toclimate change Thirdly, the green space connection system in urbanareas is built on the theory of urban agricultural space with theconcept of productive green infrastructure to promote ecologicalservices Fourthly, the theory of urban agricultural space along withthe agricultural phenomenon of improving the quality of living spacecontributes to creating a local identity for the urban areas All of theabove arguments are practical for the applicability of spatialorganizing for urban agricultural activities in urban planning
- The theory of sustainable urban development with urban agricultural factors: Some theories directly related to urban space
and environment with urban agricultural elements in the perception
of sustainable urban development are summarized as follows:
+ Theory of agricultural ecological urban: This theory utilizes the
value of urban greenery derived from local agriculture It not only
Trang 14brings ecological value to urban space but also increases economicvalue for urban areas where agricultural land accounts for a highproportion and plays an important role in the current urban economy.
+ Theory of sustainable farming urban: This theory emphasizes the
role of friendly-environmental farming method in the above urbanareas It is built on a multi-tiered producing organization that createswide-extention production efficiency of urban space
+ Theory of natural symbiosis urban: This theory purposes to a
harmonious combination of all aspects of the urban area which areprimarily about space when there is an integration of agriculturalactivity It is the symbiosis of function, structure, spatial image,bringing multidimensional effect to the city
+ Theory of smart urban: In order to increase the efficiency of using
urban resources and improve the productivity of integration in urbanspace, this theory is applied to urban agricultural cultivation It meetsthe conditions of simultaneous service of different objects and needs
2.2.2 The arguments and theories of urban agricultural spatial forming to create a local identity for the urban area
- Arguments of urban development with local identity: The content of
the topic is directly related to this argument Consequently, urbanagricultural activities are considered to create a specific identity ofthe place for space according to the concept that urban space is aunified whole between the environmental background and materialcontext for activities of human Through activities such asdiscovering the specificity of places and using, an understanding of
“a sense of place” or experience, exploring human space and “socialinteractions”, “the sense of community” of the place, the peculiar