Đối chiếu thuật ngữ dầu khí tiếng anh việt tt tiếng anh

The activities of the petroleum industry not only use common words but also use words that identify concepts, symbols, categories, phenomena ..., that is terminology However, the initial

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

NGUYEN THI THU HA

A CONTRAST OF PETROLEUM TERMS

IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE

Major: Comparative and Contrastive Linguistics Major Code: 9222024

A SUMMARY OF DOCTOR THESIS ON LINGUISTICS

HA NOI - 2019

This dissertation is completed at:

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES VIỆN NGÔN NGỮ HỘC VIỆN KHOA HỌC XÁC HỘI

VIỆT NAM Supervisors: Assoc.Prof Dr Pham Hung VietNg

Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Nguyen Van Khang

Reviewer 2: Prof Dr Do Viet Hung

Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof Dr Ho Ngoc Trung

This dissertation is presented to the Academy-Level Dissertation Examination Committee at Vietnam Academy of Social Science,

477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi

The dissertation can be found at

- National Library of Vietnam

- Library of Social Science Academy 2018

1 The importance of the research

In the process of global integration and development, the requirement to use English effectively in learning, communication and other scientific fields is very important In this situation, English is also considered

a prerequisite for petroleum industry workers The activities of the petroleum industry not only use common words but also use words that identify concepts, symbols, categories, phenomena ., that is terminology However, the initial survey showed that many Vietnamese terms have not yet achieved the accuracy of the concept, many terms, which were borowed from foreign language, are used with many different variants that have not been standardized, or existed in English language but not in Vietnamese language Therefore, the requirement to improve and gradually develop the Vietnamese scientific terminology system to match the general standards of the world to meet all the activities as well as to promote the integration process is a necessary task and should be implemented

2.1 Research goals

The thesis aims to clarifie the structural and nomination characteristics of the petroleum terms (PT) systems in English and Vietnamese On that basis, the thesis identifies the similarities and differences between the PT systems in the two languages as well as find out the points to consider when building Vietnamese PT

2.2 Research missions

To achieve this goal, the thesis focuses on the following tasks: Establish a theoretical views on terminology and linguistics, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the research; Define the structural and nomination characteristics of PT in English and Vietnamese; Compare the structural

characteristics of PT between English and Vietnamese; Compare the nomination characteristics of PT between English and Vietnamese; Directions and solutions

to build and standardize Vietnamese PT

3 Subjects and scope of research

3.1 Subjects

The research subjects of the thesis are 4190 English-language PT and their respective 4190 Vietnamese-language counterparts, collected according to the

criteria of English-Vietnamese Petroleum Dictionary

3.2 Scope of the research

Compare the structural characteristics, the nomination characteristics of PT between English and Vietnamese, and directions and solutions to build and standardize Vietnamese PT

6 Composition of the thesis

In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, Reference List, Appendix, the thesis consists of 4 chapters as follows: 1) Chapter 1: Overview of research status; 2) Chapter 2: Basic theory; 3) Chapter 3: Compare the structural

characteristics of PT between English and Vietnamese; 4) Chapter 4: Compare the nomination characteristics of PT between English and Vietnamese

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH STATUS

1.1 The study of terminology in the world and in Vietnam

1.1.1 The study of terminology in the world

Except the very famous European-American linguists such as Eugen WUSTER - an Austrian linguist, Alfred Schlomann - German scholar, Ferrdinand de Saussure (Switzerland) and E Dresen (Russia), R.W Brown (USA), J.C Boulanger (England), W.E Flood (USA), J.C Segen (USA), thể are many famous Soviet linguists such as: A.S gerd, B.N.Golovin, S.V.Grinev, A.A Reformatskij, V.P Danilenko, V.M Leichik Their studies contribute significantly not only to the preparation of written instructions for compiling terminologies to build documents, to revise the terminology system later on the whole world, but also to the basis for many

later studies

1.1.2 The study of terminology in Vietnam

Compared to Western countries, the terms in Vietnam appears later It is until the beginning of the twentieth century, the research and construction of terms have been noticed Pioneering, in this area, can be mentioned as Duong Quang Ham, Nguyen Ung or Nguyen Trieu Luat In the following period, there were Hoang Xuan Han (1948), Vo Xuan Trang (1977), Luu Van Lang (1977), Nguyen Duc Dan (1977); Hoang Trong Pha (1985), The recent works of Nguyen Duc Ton, and in some specific fields such as telecommunications and financial informatics Ha Quang Nang have been discussed the construction issues and standardize Vietnames PT, along with the doctoral dissertations that research on building and standardizing the terminology, health, music,

Thus, in Vietnam, the reaserch on terminology has mainly discussed the standards, the medthods, the borowings, the transcriptions, … some recent studies have focused on the contrast of term

1.2 The study of PT in English and in Vietnamese

1.2.1 The study of PT in English

The English PT is built on a heterogeneous model, is the result of a interaction between a number of areas of human knowledge These include the terms geology, geophysics, geochemistry, drilling terms, economic terms, etc There have been a number of studies on some aspects of English PT under the theoretical aperspectives [92], [110], [115], [116], Besides, there are a series of Ennglish –English petroleum specialized dictionaries were born with online dictionary products, petroleum websites,

1.2.2 The study of PT in Vietnamese

Through surveys, we’ve found no in-depth study of PT from the theoretical approach that points out the advantages and disadvantages In Vietnam, the main achievements on the petroleum only have dictionaries, software geological dictionaries, geodetic dictionaries, GIS, …

CHAPTER 2: BASIC THEORY 2.1 Basic theory of terminology and petroleum terminology

2.1.1 The concept of "terminology"

On the basis of terminology, we agree with the view of Nguyen Thien Giap

on the concept of terminology: "Terminology is the special part of a language It consists of fixed words and phrases which are the exact names of concepts and objects belonging to the fields of human expertise " [9]

2.1.2 Distinguish terminology and some related concepts

2.1.2.1 Terminology and scientific nomenclature

1.2.2.2 Terminology and job vocabulary

2.1.3 Stantards of terminology

It can be seen that researchers give a lot of criteria for the term, but in thí

thesis, they can be generalized into standards: scientific, international, and national

2.1.4 Structure of terminology

According to Lê Khả Kế, there are two basic methods to put the term, namely:

a) Terminologizarion from common words based on Vietnamese language

In essence, it is the path that allows the movement of the meaning of words to create terms “This movement may not lead to the transformation or transformation, the ordinary word is narrowed to the scope of the activity or

is transferred from one field to another with diferent views” [13, p.26-28]

By the this way, there are many words in daily life that participate in creating scientific terms which are easy-to-remember, easy-to-use, maintain the nationality and also contribute to enrich Vietnamese vocabulary

b) Borowing from foreign terms

The borrowing, according to common understanding, is a form of transferring foreign terms into Vietnamese [10, p.39] In the process of developing and enriching the Vietnamese terms, the borrowing from foreign terms is inevitable The advantage of these terms is to ensure the internationality in terms of morphology and semantics In fact, the foreign terms are adopted into Vietnamese based on the following ways: replicate,

transcribe and remain

field Thus, each and every element participating in the building of PT has

meaning

2.1.6 Petroleum term and its criterion

2.1.6.1 The concept of petroleum term

Based on the concept of terminolgy, we, in this thesis, define: Petroleum terms are words, phrases used in the industry to express concepts, properties, objects, phenomena, subjects in the field of petroleum including (1) Exploration; (2) Exploiting; (3) Processing; (4) Technical support và (5) petroleum economy

2.1.6.2 Criteria for identifying petroleum term

Based on the references [56, 58 and 59] and having an adjustment to suit the subjects and scope of the thesis, 04 criteria to identify Enflish and

Vietnames PT are established: (1) In terms of composition, components

should have a close relationship with each other, in which each component

has a specific function to form the term; (2) In terms of meaning, the components must have a specification of the concept; (3) In terms of functions, terminology is a unit of nomination so that petroleum term must be

a word or a phrase; and (4) In terms of scope of use, the English and

Vietnamese PT must be a part of words used to express the concepts or the subjects in the petroleum field

2.1.6.2 Petroleum term areas

Petroleum term is devided into 05 main areas beased on the criteria and

strategy development of petroleum industry, namely exploration, exploitation, processing, technical support, economy

2.1.7 Terminology and theorical nomination

2.1.7.1 The concept of nomination

2.1.7.2 The process and unit of nimination

2.2 Basic theory on the comparative study of language

This thesis is based on the rules of comparative research of the author Bui Manh Hung [17, p 131-146] and adapt to the content of the thesis

2.3 Summary

In this chapter, the thesis has presented the concept, the features of terminology, the difference between terminology and some related concepts, the methods and the composition of term, and address the concept of petroleum terminology, criteria to identify petroleum term with 5 petroleum term areas In addition, the basic principles in comparision has also been mentioned as a basic of comparision between English and Vietnamese PT

CHAPTER 3: COMPARISON OF CONSTRUCTION AND WORD TYPING

OF PETROLEUM TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE

3.2 Construction of English and Vietnamese terminologies

3.2.1 Structure of English terminologies

English PT is divided into 4 categories depending on the number of

morphemes and components: a) English PT that are single words, example: oil (dầu), drill (khoan) b) English PT that are derived words, (i) The derived words with prefix/ suffix, example: driller (thợ khoan),… (ii) Blend/ appreciation, example LFO (Light Fuel Oil – Dầu nhiên liệu nhẹ), c) English PT that are compound words, example: brainstorm (thợ khoan),… d)English PT that are word combination If only considering structural form,

the terminoloy that is word combination is a phrase consisting of a central

component along with other sub-components, example: formation oil ratio (tỉ số dầu của vỉa),…

3.2.2 Structure of Vietnamese terminology:

Vietnamese PT are: a) single words, example: dầu, khí, khoan, etc b) compound words: example: tháo gỡ, van dẫn,

Vietnamese PT are composed of phrases: the components are usually

composed a primary component and one ore more sub-components, example:

dầu trưởng thành (mature oil), giàn khoan nhiều cấu kiện (modular rig),

3.3 The contrast of a number of components in English and Vietnamese petroleum terminology

3.3.1 The number of components in English and Vietnames PT

Number of

components

English Vietnamese Number of

Terms Percent%

Number

of Terms

Number of Terms

3.3.2 The similarities and diferences of PT in English and Vietnamese

Both of English PT and Vietnamese PT are composed of one to many components, the number of terms that are composed of two components has the highest proportion in both terminology systems, (80.26% in English and 59.38%

in Vietnamese)

However, some of the biggest differences between these two terminologies are that the English PT system has a short structure, with 3363

terms composed of two components, the number of terms having three, four elements only accounts for 9.19% with 385 terms and only 3 terms with 5 components Meanwhile, the number of terms that are composed of three components in Vietnamese is nearly higher three and half times than in English, not to mention the number of terms that has a brief composition with one conponent accounts for a very small with 1.69% compared to 7.28% of the group of terms with equivalent structure in English In addition, the terms that are composed of four and five components also account for a small proportion (9.1%), along with the terms that are composed for six and seven components make Vietnamese PT system tend to describe, loose in composition and lack of briefness compared to English PT system,

3.4 Word typing of petroleum terms in English and Vietnamese

3.4.1 Petroleum terms composed of one component

3.4.1.1 English PT: The number of English PT composed of one component

is 305/4190 terms Of these, 127 are single words (3.03%), for example:

barel (thùng), core (lõi),…; 178 terms are derived words (accounting for 4.25%), example: geophone (máy thu địa chấn), cementer (thợ tráng xi măng), …

2.3.1.2 Vietnamese PT: The number of Vietnamese PT composed of one

component is 71, accounting for 1.69% All of these terms are single words,

in which 59 are nouns, accounting for 1.41%, example: dầu, trục, lõi ,… 11 are verbs, accounting for 0.26%, example: khoan, trám, bơm,…; 01 thuật are adjectives, accounting for 0.02%, example: vênh …

3.4.2 Petroleum terms composed of two components

3.4.2.1 English PT: The number of English PT composed of two

components is 3363, accounting for 80.26% There are 44 terms that are

compound words, accounting for 1.04%, example: traveltime (đường

truyền), sandstone (cát kết),… There are 3106 terms that are noun phrases, accounting for 74.13%, example: expendable well (giếng khoan mở rộng), barge engineer (kỹ sư tàu khoan)… There are 206 terms that are verb

phrases, accounting for 4.92%, example: geochemical prospecting (thăm dò địa hóa), … The number of terms that are adjective phrases is very small, there are 07 adjective phrases, 0.17%, example: marginal allowable (lượng

sản xuất cho phép), …

3.4.2.2 Vietnamese PT: the number of Vietnamese PT composed of two

component is 2488, accounting for 59.38% In which, terms that are coordinate compound phrases account for the greatest proportion, with 1663 (39.69%), the second is coordinate compound words with 816 (accounting for 19.47%), and the lowest belongs to primary-second compound words,

with 9 (accounting for 0.21%), example: tuần hoàn dưới nước, bơm chân không, bơm lại, giếng khô, tháo gỡ, đứt gãy, …

3.4.3 Petroleum terms composed of three components

3.4.3.1 English PT: In the total of 336 English PT composed of 3

components, 319 are noun phrases, accounting for 7.86%; 17 are verb

phrases, accounting for 0.41% Example: area rate clause (điều khoản tỷ suất vùng), condensing gas drive (kích thích bằng khí ngưng), …

3.4.3.2 Vietnamese PT: In the total of 1145 Vietnames PT composed of 3

components, There are 963 are noun phrases, accounting for 22.98%, 172 are verb phrases, accounting for 4.10%, and 10 are adjective phrases, accounting for 0.24%

3.4.4 Petroleum terms composed of four components

3.4.4.1 English PT: There are 49 English PT composed of four components and all are noun phrases, accounting for 1.17%, example: net

operating profts interest (lợi nhuận điều hành thực), associated gas well allowable (lượng khí kết hợp được phép khai thác), …

3.4.4.2 Vietnamese PT: There are 354 Vietnamese PT, accounting for

8.45%, in which 290 are noun phrases (6.92%), 62 are verb phrases (1.48%),

and 02 are adjective phrases, example: người phụ trách công tác xi măng, tập hợp hệ thống trầm tích cùng thời, chênh lệch độ sâu chiều thẳng đứng,

3.4.5 Petroleum terms composed of five components

3.4.5.1 English PT: There are only 03 out of 4190, accounting for 0.07%,

example: seventy-two hour continuous efforts clause (Điều khoản 72h), deeper drilling dry hole costs (chi phí khoan sâu hơn giếng khoan khô),

3.4.5.2 Vietnamese PT: There are 111, accounting for 2.65%, in which there

are 96 are noun phrases (2.29%) and 15 are verb phrases (0.36%), example:

tăng cường thu hồi dầu bằng vi khuẩn, thiết bị khoan có động cơ máy phát,

…

3.4.6 Petroleum terms composed of six and seven components

3.4.6.1 English PT: There is no Enflish PT composed of six and seven components

3.4.6.2 Vietnamese PT: There are 21 composed of six and seven

components, accounting for 0.05%, and all of them are noun phrases,

example: dụng cụ kiểm tra thiết bị bảo hiểm chống phun dầu, phương pháp định tỷ lệ sản xuất theo độ sâu, mũi khoan lấy mẫu có ống bọc bằng cao su, v.v…

3.4.7 Petroleum Acronyms

Through the survey of PT in the two languages, we found that the abbreviation method exists only in English PT, not in Vietnamese PT In total of 4190 English PT surveyed, there were 134 acronyms, accounting for

3.20%, for example: BFL - Barrels of fluid, BLED - Bleeding oil, C & R - Cellar and pits, BMUD - Barrels of mud, v.v …

3.4.8 The similarities and differences in composition and word types of English and Vietnamese petroleum terms

The composition: Is created by the same popular method, most of them

are coordinate compounds There are single words, compound words and phrases in both PT systems; in which nouns, compound nouns and noun phrases are mainly The biggest difference between the two PT systems is that, along with the compound method, the adding additives and abbreviation methods are used in English, not used in Vietnamese In addition, the PT system has two components made up of phrases such as phrasal verbs, adjectives and nouns, while, in addition to creating terms that have two components as in English, Vietnamese PT are also made up of compound words, including the coordinate compound and the primary-second compound

The word types: Both of them are composed of nouns / noun phrases,

adjectives / adjectives, verbs / verb phrases The number of terms is nouns and noun phrases in both terminology systems with the highest proportion, English has 3805 terms (90.81%) and Vietnamese with 3606 terms (86.06%), the terms are verbs and verb phrases, adjectives and adjectives account for a very small proportion However, the biggest difference between these two terminology systems is the English PT has the acronym form (with 134 words, accounting for 3.20%) but is not available in the Vietnamese PT In addition, the number of terms is verbs and verb phrases, adjectives and

adjectives in English PT less than in Vietnamese PT

3.5 Structure models of English and Vietnamese petroleum terminology

We denote T as a component of the term; T1 is the first component, T2 is the second component, and Tn is the nth component Results of studying

4190 terms indicate that the Vietnamese and English PT are mainly constructed from the following typical models

3.5.1 Structure models of English petroleum terminology

3.5.1.1 Structure models of the two components in English PT

Model 1:

There are 3219/4190 PT formed by this model, accounting for 76.82%

Example: active well (giếng hoạt động), adjustable choke (van điều tiết), …

There are 148 English PT formed by this model, accounting for 3.53%

Example: gas production unit (xưởng sản xuất khí), crude oil analysis (phân

There are 06 English PT formed by this model, accounting for 0.14% Example:

proration of depth-bracket met (phương pháp định tỉ lệ theo độ sâu), rate of take provision (điều khoản về tốc độ lấy khí), …

3.5.1.3 Structure models of the four components in English PT

Model 6:

There are 16/4190 units, accounting for 0.38% Example: Low temperature separation unit (thiết bị tách rời ở nhiệt độ thấp), …

Model 7:

There are 10 English PT formed by this model, accounting for 0.24%

Example: retrievable hollow carrier gun (súng khoan nổ mìn thu hồi được), Model 8:

There are 05 units, accounting for 0.12% Example: compensated dual resitivity log (log điện trở bù kép), asscocated gas well allowable (lượng khí