cách biến hóa, bài tập, cách viết chữ kanji

Chi tiết cách biến hóa, bài tập, cách viết chữ kanji

APSCEKBF -1- (Kanji made from pictures - 1 -)

The ancient Chinese drew pictures of various things around them These pictures have gradually been simplified and have taken on a square shape to make them easier to write This is how the present Kanji characters were made Each Kanji, therefore, carries a specific meaning

Look at the following picture

These Kanji characters were made from very primitive pictures as follows Usually each Kanji has at least two ways of being read; the so-called ‘KUN

YOMI’ (Japanese reading) and ‘ON YOMI’ (Chinese reading)

cổ — s > eH — Hi CAE [SHA] car

(BAD - HH - PR> F1 @&» [MON] gate

%( ) reading is rarely used

When a single Kanji is used alone as a word, we usually read it by its ‘KUN YOMI’ (Japanese reading) which gives its meaning When Kanji are used together with other Kanji to make a word, we often read them by their ‘ON YOM’ (Chinese reading) Generally speaking, however, the way of reading Kanji should

be decided according to each individual word

-L1—=%»kÈh 2

——_———_-—-BHOS(SABS (Basic Kanji)

<X(EAMIV—JV (Basic Rules) >

Jv—Jv 1 : Make every Kanji the same size and put them

stroke last 1 H FT 2 E1 3 Hi 4 Hy ayy wD dete,

Jv—JV 3 : There are three basic ways to end a stroke

® Stop He @ Stretch + (3) Hook A

H(Ø) the sun, a day

AARC A425 - #4) Japan

R (O2) the moon, a month 1 H(*È - 32) January

AWA (FO + £4 +0) Monday 1 (Vio) mA (2) one month

il (2?) a mountain

Bru(s- C+ SA) Mt Fuji

IF (+ U7) Japanese name Kil (a+ SA) a voleano

rice field Rf -Te TY

(5)

\ OT) FA

FA (72) ANE a rice field HA (7: - #2») Japanese name

IIEH(4?3 - #) Japanese name 82 (Œ24 Tes) arcet eer ww cacion

He(< SE) acar mH(GA - UL) a train

BHØ#(Ù : #3 - UL) a car, an automobile

2—2 F&NALWI (Reading Exercises )

5 &£91L3AH15H CF Today is the 15th of March

6 HAAG SA CH That man over there is Mr Yamakawa

7 HHHỊ XAtd HAATT o Mr Yamakawa is a Japanese

8 HOW SLAB CF That mountain over there is

Mt Tsukuba

9, ZO SABI CH This river is the Tone River

10 JIA SADSMILE TT Mr Kawada’s specialty is cars.

2-3 PENALWI (Writing Exercises)

I Fill in the blanks with an appropriate Kanji

Il Fill in the blanks with an appropriate Kanji

APS CHEB -2- (Kanji made from pictures -2- )

Look at the following picture Each drawing indicates a certain meaning

These Kanji characters were made from very primitive pictures as follows Remember that each Kanji has its ‘KUN YOMI’ (Japanese reading) and ‘ON

YOMP (Chinese reading)

Meaning

fire

water

gold money metal

ground earth soil child

woman female

study

live birth

foregoing previous

Usually the ‘ON YOMI’ (Chinese reading) of Kanji will be written using

Katakana in a Kanji dictionary Therefore, students are expected to learn Kata-

kana as soon as possible after mastering Hiragana

A ROSIZABPF (Basic Kanji)

2-1 B¥OPEDZ (Kanji Writings)

< (FA OB (Basic Strokes) >

wee WA CALM tyvaes (P< >)

8 (242) money 42 (2242 + 72) Japanese name

(XA) gold SwA(kXA+- £4-U) Friday

EA(L +E) civil engineering

HA (t+ - £4 +0) Saturday

45(S&) ahead 56 (AEA + 2) last month

SEA (Ab A + Atv») a teacher

2—2 kANALWS (Reading Exercises )

I Write the reading of the following Kanji in Hiragana

6 HOKF FAIL 21 CH That girl student is 21 years old

7 Hh He aE AAS I 9 6 0437 11H€ở, My date of birth is

the 11th of March 1960.

2—3 PEHALWS (Writing Exercises)

I Fill in the blanks with an appropriate Kanji

1 I 2 a student 3 awoman 4 achild 5 a teacher DEL BQ tt» HAL = tA th 6 money 7 water 8 fire 9 the ground 10 gold

48

Il Fill in the blanks with an appropriate Kanji

1 Monday 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday aa EEI 1ä aA Hệ Hee He He 2 +5 U a» +2 U gi +5 O SC KD OO 5 Friday 6 Saturday 7 Sunday 8 a woman 1 aA 131 ie Hee ie D SA kD O F £9 BO c5 +53 O HAT 0+ 9 a girl 10 a girl student 1l auniversity 12 a fire D K ot SAL = + LG AK Atha FEW Ase 2z C 13 the date of one’s birth 14 a rice field te HA Ar vu ou CA 15 a private university 16 my teacher 17 ahead —L > VK Ø) lu Lˆ 92 ?ty z‡c DEL tA ttl x# 18 Mr Kaneda 19 Miss Tsuchida 20 a gold car SA | SA D wh FE 25 6K eA CBE

Sign —* Kanji ‘KUN’ ‘ON’ Meaning

KT Z 1 — — ` 7# =2 — [NHI two

Be ah 4-2 [SAN] three

V2: Sie > OU > pu +22 [SHH four

v TIE ma: và2-© — [GO] five

Whi 52 + au — 5K ts-2> [ROKU] six

B=ROSZAIBL (Basic Kanji)

2-1 BFOPEDFE (Kanji Writings )

—(UW&)2 _ one (thing) — (0È +9) one (person)

—R(v›È - 32) January —## (v\È :ijaÁ) one year

(2)

—(4#z)2_ two (things) —Á(47:*9) two (people)

—R(tz:- 22) February SE IDA durante 2 ones (A LEU) —“4E (IZ + 2A) two years SỐ

= | three 3=“ wy

— (3)

=(&>5)2 three (things) =H(&>5>: 2) the 3rd day

=H(šA -22) March =#(XAÁ :jAaÁ) three years

Mm(k5)2 four (things) HH (+ - 2>) the 4th day

MA(L + 28D) April Mae (kL + 4aA) four years

MA (k-+IA) la £ecsenas

(4)

F(vV3D)2 five (things) FLA (VD : 3>) the 5th day

AA(S+ 28D) May Fie (C+ A) five years

BAL (2A) 5S P<ecSsenes

Vj de} ee | ^~-

J |JI™N

K (tr5)2 six (things) *7šH (Œtv› > 2) the 6th day

AA(4¢ + dO) June WE(A < + 2A) six years

ee Vid CALA tyvas ($3)

eight Pao-D IDF JIN 9 -

DIN

KW(R5)2 eight (things) */\A(E 4-2) the 8th day

7X (3Ð - 242) August JE (lbH +> 2A) eight years

(tử5Ø*% d) GOO NAWES-ITh) 9 PecSenes

IL(Z2ZM)D_~ nine (things) JLA(C EM: 2) the 9th day

ILA (< + 28D) September 2UH(Š œ3 - 0«œ<) 900

+(+t‡3) ten (things) +TH(&8+ 2) the 10th day

+A (Uw > +28) October +4E(U m5 +24) 10 years

FI(2A) acircle, yen HH(O+ <4 ': 2Ä Á) 100 yen

BFA(S-+A+ 2A) 5,000 yen

4FE(EL*9X%) persona mayor, viejo/a 3ƒ£Œv\*+‡A2/)_ año pasado

+4#(ềÈk'*‡AA/) año pasado ^2#£(Œ-*ÈL) este afio

2-2 k&AnNALW (Reading Exercises)

Write the reading of the following Kanji in Hiragana (Read vertically from the right.)

Y17,000 5 4 months 6 8 years

Professor Yamada’s age is 49

This car costs ¥450,000

That mountain is 2,000 meters high

10 One year has 365 days

Today is Wednesday the 9th of September

The 5th of May is Children’s Day

The population of this country is about 60,000,000

8 10 years 9 100 years 10 one person

12 three people 13 four people 14

15 the Ist of January 16 the 2nd of February 17

18 the 4th of April 19 the 5th of May 20

21 the 7th of July 22 the 8th of August 23

24 the 10th of October 25 November 26

%2*Á (an orange) lL, —OVU< SCHP,

SE (agrape) lt, -OVW< CHA,

H ZF (Japanese Noodle Shop)

IDA IDA ¿ c IDA, c

IZA IPA, IDA x

OE thin buckwheat noodles served on a bamboo tray

7 &A thick white noodles served on a bamboo tray

Diy ~ noodles in hot soup

&Ohn~ noodles with fried bean curd, served in hot soup

(& O72 means ‘a fox’ and it is believed that fried bean curd is

the favorite food of the fox.)

72 Wa & ~ noodles with bits of deep-fried tempura batter, served in hot

soup (724% means ‘a badger.’)

AR (DRA) ~ noodles with an egg, served in hot soup (H 54 means

‘moon-viewing.’)

K (TA) BOH~ noodles with some fried vegetables and prawns, served in

hot soup

A1=y kh 1 -————#70l44U (Lectures on Kanji)

& 29

EB pS CELE (Kanji made from signs )

Abstract ideas which are impossible to illustrate are indicated with the help of points and lines

Look at the followings

hk SOK K+ Kk weav [DAI big

& - 2 /JŠ + 7] Bue &vs SHOU] small

all day long

A(BB)SW=KASK big KF (Eva + A<) a university

KY (72 + 44D) Z% important *KA(BE%) an adult

40 | N small, little Bw-Svy ỳ ga?

] )| i]s

Zh(Ev3) Xv›=/°Š# smaill J8 + 284) a brook, a stream

(+ Ö + Bo +295) aprimary school */h/}A( CYS) a child

ẠI bi root, origin He RY

WA (Pe - HL) a Japanese surname A(IZA) a book

“HA ' Ù2) this day AG (ILA + TA) the main office

(5)

` `⁄/ | »Z + x

“EF Zem) i halfway, middle 4p (kA > SA) half

“RAE (ILA+ & L) half a year SHB (SA + EC 1tA) 3:30

43

44

45

A(T + AA) five minutes W(45+4A) six minutes

7) power, force BPS Ya?

fJ(2+l2) what 4iJ(2À) €3 2» What is it?

4A! CA) how manypeople !fJ#(%A - ‡AÁ) what year

2—2 E&AhHALW4 (Reading Exercises )

I Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana

LA 2 38H 4.6 5 F 6 7 BK

8 kăt 9 hết» 10 2}2*2 11.22 12 #2

13 KF 14, Age 15 E2 16 {ase

Il Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana

1, CHITORTCT AD» HAORTT

2 WH SA DEMIS YEA,

3 OC RDOEK BEAMS ET There is some money on the desk

4 HOMIC)SUOILA RH) EF, There is a small bag in the car

9 KEWT—-FEEDRICTITE LK We divided a big cake in two

6 HRLOAA Hise AA CTD,

7 V9 STMT CT Ao RSET CF o

8 EY c FD 08 9 EAS 10 F235

2—3 PENALWI (Writing Exercises)

I Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji

large medium small

4 what 5 what book 6 a small university

Il Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji:

5 what time 6 for counting long slender objects

BA UC BA SA Woy (kA 2 IEA eA IFA

7 a Japanese 8 up train 9 down train 10 an adult

£0 up train

(< 729)

(OAL C5) (2L¢b) (Az Cb)

(Ata Cb)

HEE SE (52a T2)

( Kanji made from a combination of the meanings )

What does the Kanji ' | mean? It means ‘the sun.’ What does the Kanji LH | mean? It means ‘the moon.’ Then, what do you think the Kanji

AR means? It means ‘bright’!

Some Kanji are made by combining rather simple characters Now,

guess the meaning of the following Kanji

Look at the following examples and see how each character was

combined and made into a new meaning

Combination Kanji ‘KUN’ ‘ON’ Meaning

H + HH — HH ADS [ME] bright

sun moon both the sun and the moon are ‘bright’

man tree a man is ‘resting’ beside a tree

man origin the origin of a man is ‘the body’

L4 + fo — if 3-ễ [KOU] love, like woman child a woman ‘loves’ a child

Kanji ‘KUN’ ‘ON’ Meaning

cA BES [DAN] a man, male

‘a man’ is powerful in the rice field

HK kL [RIN] a wood

two trees make ‘a wood’ a grove

Ean a) [SHIN] a forest

three trees make ‘a forest’ a jungle

fed $v*# _[KANI between

the sun can be seen ‘between’ the doors

i iL 7c UF a cultivated field burn up the field and make ‘a cultivated field’

LL+

AG vàÐ [GAN] a rock

a big stone in the mountain is ‘a rock’

xx Most Kanji were transmitted from China, however, there are some

Kanji that originated in Japan For example, {Hf (it7ctt), ff (it725) <

(to work), HE(& 31) (a mountain pass) are of Japanese origin There-

fore, they do not have ‘ON YOMI’ (Chinese Reading) Many Kanji used

to express the names of fish and plant are of Japanese origin

e.g #8 (725)(a cod)

43 (vo L)(a sardine)

co )

HHO SARL (Basic Kanji)

B(eko) aman B(BEZ)OF(C) a boy

BPA (A+ + ở3Ÿ< + #v›) a boy student

iLL

wood grove

Z&##“(UÁ* ĐÀ) woods and forests

#K EL) a wood ARK (= + 1d? L) Japanese name

2—2 kANALWI (Reading Exercises )

[ Write the reading of the following Kanji in Hiragana

1 # 2 #š 3 4 5 # 6 JH 7 fl

8 ous 9 #fš 10 #£+# 3 1 BK 12 Hee

Il Write the reading of the following Kanji in Hiragana

1 NLR ORE SCH I like physical exercise

2 BPSECKFS4 male students and female students

3 BODKEKOK men and women

4 #t#OïlRilzJI2‡2 0) š3 There is a river between the forests

5 HAWREOPCKAELKE We took a rest in a light forest

6 HONS a €—#ÿfRl CHWUPPY ET

It takes about one hour to that small mountain

7 GHSAIHAY ACT, Mr Iwata is a cheerful man

8 II2 Fl:M2‡*# OES, There are cultivated fields on the top

of the mountain.

2—3 PEHALWI (Writing Exercises)

I Fill in the blanks with an appropriate Kanji

9 fire + field = cultivated field 10 mountain + stone = a rock

Il Fill in the blanks with an appropriate Kanji

10 physical exercises 11 I like cheerful people

| | ZS A | lit) [aul jas) (ace, cóc > x %

12 Those men are Mr Kobayashi and Mr Iwata

I Make 5 sentences by using the Kanji above

H Fill in the blanks with an approriate Kanji

+-

ZN

INE ODF

Il Read the following story

[FIX=—-EAD EL]

AltA RKEOBLA CH MPL CH FALAICY 1 ORE Ly RHEE ¿2

| SSW E CARED 7 FA2CNAR ES LET MBAR OHEA CH,

FeO LAB IAL BIS PSEA LWA REL WALA RMED US LE lCu

~ &ELK BEBE CKTBEESEATOCLE, MKSILBHSAOMCUOXELTE,

* EFL (ArA DA) speciality 4E (:v*v*<) physical exercises

HA (kU) day of the week ~f (2) —~ a language

~DYFETCH like ~ Jed (tA LI) last week

Z?”`b5'Cš?7- BF -3- (Kanji made from pictures - 3 - )

Look at the following picture Each drawing indicates a certain meaning

These Kanji characters were made from very primitive pictures as follows Usually each Kanji has at least two ways of being read; the so-called ‘KUN

YOMI’ (Japanese reading) and ‘ON YOMI’ (Chinese reading)

stone

thread