CÁC NHÂN tố TÁC ĐỘNG đến VIỆC CÔNG bố THÔNG TIN kế TOÁN MÔI TRƯỜNG TẠI CÁC DOANH NGHIỆP NUÔI TRỒNG THỦY SẢN VIỆT NAM tt tiếng anh

In industry sensitives for environment, the environmental information disclosure of environmental accounting is necessary in response to the pressure from the Government, investors, cust

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY

- -

LAM THI TRUC LINH

THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE

DISCLOSURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN

AQUACULTURE ENTERPRISES VIET NAM

Major: Accountancy Code : 9340301

PhD THESIS - SUMMARY

Ho Chi Minh City - 2019

The study was complete at:

University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City

Supervisor:

Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Khac Hung

Assoc Prof Dr Huynh Duc Long

Reviewer 1:

Reviewer 2:

Reviewer 3:

The dissertation will be presented to the Dissertation Board at the school level:

At … hours … day month year … The dissertation can be found at the library:

1 Introduction

1.1 Topic reasoning

The disclosure of information environment is an important step in the implementation of environmental accounting (Chen & Roberts, 2008) Three categories of information must be disclosed: environmental expenses, environmental assets, environmental liabilities on the balance sheet, the income statements and notes of financial statements (Senn, 2018) In foreign studies, environmental information published mainly through the annual report, the disclosure may

be voluntary or mandatory According to (Deegan, & 2000; O'Donovan, 2002) announced the voluntary environmental information in the annual report is the way that organizations use to convey a specific message about the activities and measures for environmental protection In addition, the publication of the enterprises environmental information is considered in response to the pressure of the stakeholders such

as environmental regulators, providers and communities, business management (Cormier et al, 2005; Neu et al, 1998) Through the publication of environmental information, the businesses desire to enhance legitimacy by the publication of environmental investments and persuade the community to believe that businesses are very interested in the protection of the environment Environmental information published primarily nonfinancial information Depending on the object using the information, their concern that business will announce spending for environmental activities or just emphasize the environmental impact and the measures that businesses have done (Eltaib Eltaib Elzarrouk, 2012)

The results of the research on environmental disclosure in the developed and the developing countries from (Al-khuwiter, 2005) indicates that announced the environmental information

in developed countries more advanced than the research has been done in the developing countries.In developed countries, research on the determinants and the quality of the environmental information disclosure; investigate the relationship between environmental information and environmental and economic efficiency In contrast, in the developing countries, the focus of the study is whether

companies have published environmental information or not and the amount of this information

Environmental information can be provided in various forms as the qualitative statement, quantitative data, financial reports, graphics or images, the CEO's report This information can be presented in annual reports or independent report or sustainability report according to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), through press releases, company web sites and other media (Mata et al, 2018)

In previous studies, the factors were identified to affecting the quality and level of environmental information disclosure such as:

(1) Environmentally sensitive sectors (Gamble Associates,

1995 &; Fekrat et al, 1996; Deegan and Gordon,1996; Cormier and Gordon, 2001; Liu and Anbumozhi, 2008; Suttipun et al, 2012; Barbu et al, 2012)

(2) Pressure from the policy, manager, environmental management agency, public (Walden and Schwartz, 1997; Neu

et al, 1998; Rowe & Wehrmeyer, 2001; Suttipun et al, 2012; Li, 2014)

(3) Publication information standard environment, the environmental accounting guidelines (Fortes & Akerfeldt, 1999; Gamble et al, 1995; Deegan and Rankin,1996; Suttipun et

al, 2012; Jerry, 2015; Kaya, 2016)

(4) The attitude of managers (Suttipun et al, 2012; Ngo Thi Hoai Nam, 2017)

These studies are done in the context between the different countries in order to assess the extent of environmental information between countries or between industries in the same country The publication of environmental information is the next step of implementing environmental accounting So, the term environmental disclosure in the foreign studies is published information of environmental accounting

In Vietnam, environmental accounting is researched

of acadamic aspects, there are also a number of specific studies

on the application of environmental accounting in the enterprises of oil and gas processing, processing of aquatic products These researchs only to record, measure and provide information about adequate environment for users

In addition, these studies also identified the factors that impact the environmental information disclosure (Hoang Thuy Dieu Linh, 2013; Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc, 2017; Ngo Thi Hoai Nam, 2017)

However, Hoang Thuy Dieu Linh (2013) reviews the publication of environmental information currently do not meet the needs for information for the parties concerned From survey of researchers, the publication of environmental information in aquaculture enterprises in Vietnam are mainly qualitative and published according to the instructions of circular No 155/2015/TT-BTC or according to the global reporting initiative (GRI) This mean is not yet announced environmental informations from the results of environmental accounting as the study foreign

The information disclosure of environmental accounting

as a way to convey the message of the business with respect to environmental issues In industry sensitives for environment, the environmental information disclosure of environmental accounting is necessary in response to the pressure from the Government, investors, customers, the community is the objects affected by the operation of the enterprise, the factors were discovered from the previous research work and the extent of the influence factors to the disclosure of environmental accounting information in aquaculture enterprises in Vietnam or not, need to be verified So, I decide to choose the topic "The factorsaffecting the disclosure of environmental accounting information in the aquaculture enterprises Vietnam" as my thesis

1.2 Objectives and research questions

Overall goal

To determine status information disclosure of environmental accounting, influence factors and the extent of the impact of the factors to the disclosure of environmental accounting information in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam

Specific goals

Objective 1: To determine status information disclosure

of environmental accounting in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam

Objective 2: To identify the factors that impact on the

disclosure of environmental accounting information in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam

Objective 3: To measure the influence of factors impact

on the disclosure of environmental accounting information in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam

Question 3: The level of influence the factors that impact

on the disclosure of environmental accounting information in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam?

3 Research object

- Object analysis: Information of environmental accounting is disclosured and the factors that impact on the disclosure of environmental accounting information of aquaculture enterprises Vietnam

- Data collection object: is a person from the Board of Directors, a chief accountant or accounting charge and an officer in charge of the aquaculture business or enterprise environment in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam

4.The scope of research

Timing: for seafood companies listed: information collected from financial statements and annual report the year

2017 For survey information collected from January to February 2018

Place: According to figures from the General Statistics Bureau, in the Mekong River Delta is the main aquaculture region of Vietnam with more than 70% of the production and the area should the author choose the Cuu Long River Delta collect information

5.Research method

To make the thesis the author using mixed methods include qualitative methods and quantitative methods, in particular as follows:

5.1Qualitative research method

First to use qualitative method to identify the factors that impact on the disclosure of environmental accounting information Through previous studies of environmental information and theoretical basis identify the factors that impact

on the disclosure of environmental accounting information then perform in-depth interviews with experts on environmental accounting, expert on audit, manager in aquaculture enterprises After that, identify new factors and measure the factors that impact the disclosure of environmental accounting information

in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam From this result, the author build a research model

5.2Quantitative research method

Based on the model in step qualitative research, the author conducted surveys, collect data to analyze the level of influence the factors that impact on the disclosure of environmental accounting information in aquaculture enterprises in Vietnam Authors use factor analysis model to explore specific steps (EFA) as follows: evaluate the reliability of scales with Cronbach coefficient Alpha, then proceed to analyze the EFA, through the relevancy of the EFA extracted variance test, then rename for variables

After redefining the variables, the regression analysis conducted by the regression coefficient test, testing the level of explanation of the model through the coefficient R2, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the last is Spearman test

6.Thesis’s contribution

6.1 In terms of reasoning, academic

- Use the institutional theory, legitimacy theory, resource dependence theory, the stakeholder theory as a basis for the interpretation of the information disclosure of environmental accounting in the aquaculture business Vietnam

- Build model of impact factors to the disclosure of environmental accounting information in aquaculture enterprises Vietnam

-Thesis research results added to data research on the factors impacting the enterprise information announced in Vietnam as well as in the developing countries, where the protection of the environment have not been properly concerned

- Help for policy makers devise policy on information disclosure in environmental accounting In terms of accounting law does not yet have regulations on environmental accounting, the studies provide information to planning agencies build and route in guidance information disclosure in environmental accounting consistent with characteristics of Vietnam and catch

up with the development trend of environmental accounting international

7 Structural thesis

Chapter 1: Overview of previous studies

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis

Chapter 3: Research Methods

Chapter 4: Research Results and discussion

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Policy Implications

Chapter 1: Overview of previous studies

- Concepts of Environmental accounting from studies by Gray

et al (1993), Schaltergger et al (2000), Bartolomeo et al (2000), Yakhou et al (2003), MOE (2005)

1.1.2 Disclosure of Environmental accounting information

Disclosure of environmental information is the disclosure of environmental accounting information in the balance sheet, the statement of income and Notes to the financial statements The

information to be disclosed includes environmental costs, environmental assets, environmental liabilities (Senn, 2018)

1.1.3 Factors affecting the disclosure of environmental accounting information

Typical studies for this group include studies by Gamble et al (1995), Hackston & Milne (1996), Frost and Wilmshurst (1996), Fekrat et al (1996), Deegan & Gordon (1996), Deegan

& Rankin (1996), Adams et al (1998), Deegan et al (2000), Cormier and Gordon, (2001), Liu & Anbumozhi (2008), Suttipun & the (2012), Bhattacharyya (2014), Jerry (2015), Kaya (2016)

1.2 Research in the country

1.2.1 The studies on environmental accounting in business

including the EA and the EMA were conducted by Trinh Hiep Thien (2010), Hoang Thuy Dieu Linh (2013)

1.2.2 For study on the application of environment in specific enterprises such as petroleum processing and seafood

processing by Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc (2017), Ngo Thi Hoai Nam (2017)

1.2.3 Researches on factors influencing the disclosure of information on environment: Including studies by Pham Duc

Hieu et al (2010); Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc (2017); Ngo Thi Hoai Nam (2017); Trinh Hiep Thien (2010), Hoang Thuy Dieu Linh (2013), Nguyen La Soa et al (2018)

1.3 A review of the researches

Through analysic of previous research, the author reviewed content as follows:

(1) Environmental information is disclosured the information of environmental accounting through the annual report, the social responsibility report, sustainable development reports or environmental statements independently The foreign research use the term environmental information disclosure to imply is the disclosure of information about the environment when making environmental accounting For research in Vietnam, announced the environmental information includes information relating to the environment as defined, not results from the implementation of environmental accounting

(2) Environmental information is provided in the form of quantitative, qualitative; financial or non financial

(3) The content of information is provided depends on the regulations on environmental information disclosure every country, or according to the guidelines of the GRI

(4) Assessment of extent of environmental information disclosure through the page number, from being published or number of items published in total according to regulations/guidelines combined with grading when information presented in the form of quantitative, qualitative or finance, non financial

(5)The factors that impact the environmental information disclosure

- Developed countries have applied environmental accounting and rules on disclosure of information environment: the research towards the factors impacting the level of publication/quality of environmental information disclosure or the study of the relationship between the industry business, corporate scale, profit, environmental efficiency with environmental information disclosure

- For the developing countries, environmental accounting is still new,theseresearch has published environmental information or not or why published or not published or any factors that influence the level of environmental accounting information disclosure

1.4 Gap in research

Firstly, there are quite a number of foreign research about factors that impact the accounting information announcement environment, analytical methods are mostly graded disclosure then regression analysis to examine the degree of correlation between the factors to dependent variable However, this research was done in the context of developed countries Secondly, There are many differences in results of factors impact on the disclosure of environmental accounting information in different countries, at least in different times, in different industrial areas

Thirdly, Vietnam is developing country Environmental accounting is still new and have no guidelines for Environmental accounting The publication of environmental information is primarily qualitative and published according to the instructions of circular No 155/2015/TT-BTC or according

to the GRI Not yet published environmental information from the results of environmental accounting as the foreign studies Limitation of this research: Only study content of environmental information, benefits, objects of environmental accounting; described the environmental information, the reason making or not making There are no research that determined factors affecting and levels of influence

Because of gap study on information disclosure of environmental accounting, I decide to research "The factors affecting the disclosure of environmental accounting information in the aquaculture enterprises Vietnam" to verify the elements have been discovered from the previous research has impact on the disclosure of environmental accounting information in the context of aquaculture enterprises Vietnam After that, building scale models of impact factors and measuring the level of influence the factors that impact on the disclosure of environmental accounting information in the aquaculture business Vietnam

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis

2.1 Overview of EA and disclosure information EA

- EA in the business includes EFA and EMA (UNDSD, 1996, IFAC, 2005)

- Content of EA: Recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, compensation, benefits / benefits from environmental -Disclosure of environmental information: is an announcement

by the enterprise (1) Information about the environment: Presentation of environmental policy; Describle the environmental issues that the company may encounter; improvements that the company has made; Level of implementation of environmental protection measures in accordance with the law (2) Environmental accounting information: assets, costs, liabilities, environmental income

2.2 Background theory and researches apply background theory to the publication of environmental information

- Background theories: legal theory, institutional theory, resource dependency theory, and stakeholder theory

- From background theory, previous studies use theoretical background, author summarizes the factors in table 2.4

Table 2.4.Factors influencing the disclosure of information

and the relationship with relevant background theories

Or

Background theory

Resource dependency theory

Walden & Schwartz (1997); Neu et al (1998); Rowe & Wehrmeyer (2001); Suttipun et al (2012)

Resource dependency theory

Fortes & Akerfeldt (1999); Gamble et al (1995); Deegan & Rankin (1996); Suttipun et al (2012); Jerry (2015); Kaya (2016); Hoang Thuy Dieu Linh (2013)

3 Sensitive environment

Resource dependency theory

Barbu et al (2012; Gamble et al (1995)’ Fekrat et al (1996); Deegan & Gordon (1996);

Cormier & Gordon (2001);

Liu & Anbumozhi (2008); Suttipun et al (2012)

4 Company size

Hackston & Milne (1996); Liu & Anbumozhi (2008)

5 Listed abroad Institutional theory Hackston & Milne

(1996)

6 Useful for users Stakeholder theory

Wilmshurst (1996); Rowe & Wehrmeyer (2001); Suttipun et al (2012)

company Legitimacy theory

9 Accounting attitude Stakeholder theory Deegan et al (1996);

Suttipun et al (2012)

10 Managerial attitude

Suttipun et al (2012) Hoang Thuy Dieu Linh (2013)

12 Financial resource Stakeholder theory Suttipun et al (2012)

Chapter 3: Research Methods

The study was designed in two stages:

Stage 1: Qualitative research

Step1: Summarize previous studies on environmental

information disclosure identifying issues that have been studied before and confirming differences in information disclosure

Step 2: Collection of environmental information published in

the annual report, financial statements of aquaculture enterprises listed to assess the status of environmental information disclosure This result is the basis for discussions with experts to identify factors that affect the publication of environmental information

Step 3: In-depth discussion with experts who are

knowledgeable about CIS, representatives of auditing experts and representatives of aquaculture enterprises to identify factors and factors that affect the impact factors Disclosure of environmental information at aquaculture enterprises in Vietnam From that, the author presents a model of factors influencing the publication of environmental information at aquaculture enterprises in Vietnam

Stage 2: Quantitative research

Step 4: Based on the research model in stage 1, the author

conducted survey using survey questionnaire then coded data, clean data

Step 5: The author uses the exploratory factor analysis (EFA)

model as follows: Assess the reliability of the scale using the