Pham Hong Son 2017, Identification of natural ecological factors affecting urban space of cities in the North Central region, Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference - Sustain
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PHAM HONG SON
PERI-URBAN SPACE STRUCTURE OF CITIES
IN NORTH CENTRAL VIETNAM TOWARDS
Trang 2This dissertation was completed in: The National University of Civil Engineering
Supervisor 1: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Van Dinh
Supervisor 2: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai
Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Nguyen Quoc Thong
Reviewer 2: Dr Le Thi Bich Thuan
Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Luong Tu Quyen
The dissertation will be defended at the National University of Civil Engineering
At date month 2019
Full-text of dissertation can be found at the Library of the National University of Civil Engineering and the National Library of Vietnam
Trang 3LIST OF RESEARCH PAPERS RELATED
1 Pham Hong Son (2015), Approaching and developing Vinh city in the direction of ecological urban, Vietnam journal of urbanism, No 21-
ISSN 1859-3658
2 Pham Hong Son, Nguyen Thi Kieu Vinh (2016), Agricultural urban, sustainable development direction for cities in the North Central region,
Vietnam journal of urbanism, No 25- ISSN 1859-3658
3 Pham Hong Son (2017), Identification of natural ecological factors affecting urban space of cities in the North Central region, Proceedings
of the National Scientific Conference - Sustainable Architecture and
Construction Development in the current, Vinh University, ISBN
978-604-923-304-3
Trang 4INTRODUCTION
1 The necessity of the thesis
The urbanization process is taking place at a rapid pace throughout the world, with the cities of the North Central region being urbanized and expanding
Most of the peri-urban expansion in these cities are natural ecological zones, agricultural areas and rural areas that are affected to urbanization The conversion of land use to change and reduce natural ecosystems is the main cause of climate change, natural disasters, and ecological imbalances
The cities of the North Central located in Central coastal is affected
by the storm, saline intrusion, especially influenced by hot and dry wind
Therefore, the study suggested the peri-urban space structure of the city the North Central towards of urban ecology is the necessary direction to meet the requirements of urban expansion, urban development durable and in accordance with the conditions the nature of this region
2 Purpose of the study
Proposed peri-urban space structure in the North-Central City of contributing to the development of the city in the direction of eco-urban, suitable for natural conditions, social conditions characteristic of the region
3 Subjects and scope of research
Research subjects:
Research on the peri-urban space structure of North Central cities
in the direction of urban ecology
Research scope:
+ Space: Including peri-urban space including three cities in North
Trang 5Central Vietnam: Thanh Hoa City, Vinh City, Ha Tinh City (Thanh Nghe Tinh Area)
+ In terms of time: consistent with the orientation of general development planning for cities in the North Central region by 2030 with a vision of 2050
+ Scope of application: applied for Vinh city
4 Research Methodology
In the thesis, the author uses the following methods: Methods of morphological analysis; Methods of investigation and fieldwork; Methods of analysis and evaluation; Professional solution; Forecast method; Interpolation, logic method
5 New contributions of the thesis
(1) The thesis proposes 3 perspectives and 8 principles
(2) Proposing that the general model of the spatial structure of the peri-urban area develops in the direction of North - South and East - West, and balances with the central area in the overall urban space structure To ensure the linkage and raise the efficiency of natural ecological value in the peri-urban areas
(3) Proposing a number of solutions to improve the efficiency of peri-urban space in the North Central region cities with sustainable development in the process of urbanization The structure of the peri-urban space is suitable for climate conditions, contributing to reducing heat for the city
(4) Applying the structure space peri-urban of Vinh city in the direction of ecological urban
6 The composition of the thesis
- Pages: 150
- Chapters: 03
- Number of tables: 09
Trang 6CONTENT
Chapter 1: Overview of Peri-Urban Space Structure of Cities
in North Central Vietnam towards Ecological Urban
1.1 Some concepts related to the topic
+ Natural ecosystem
+ Ecological structure
+ Urban ecology and ecological urban
+ Peri-urban space structure
1.2 Overview of peri-urban space structure, urban ecology
1.2.1 Overview of peri-urban space theory
The peri-urban concept is a general, flexible concept associated with the urbanization process that redefines the boundaries of the city Peri-urban location is a component of the urban structure, defined as transitions or interactions between suburbs and rural areas
* Concept "peri-urban" of cities in the North Central
It was determined that the spaces surrounding the inner city, included the suburban communes and the external space expansion that influence the city that during the urban expansion
1.2.2 Overview of ecology urban theory
* The concept of ecology urban originated in the 80s of the twentieth century by German scholars directly related to the responsibility for ecosystems and the environment in the process of urban development The first urban ecological concepts to be addressed include urban activities such as energy circles, water, waste, and emissions
Richard Register, an urban design expert who initiated the first Ecocity City, founded the Department of Urban Ecology in Berkeley, California, in 1975 This is then realized and spread around the world marked by the Summit on Sustainable Urban Development, Climate
Trang 7Change
- Views of eco-city of the world's organizations:
World Health Assembly (WHO); "Eco-City" (Eco2city) of the World Bank (WB); International eco-city framework and standards (IEFS)
- View of the eco-city of the countries in the world:
Ecological urban in France; Urban Ecology Organization of Australia; European Union Ecological Urban Project (EU); The system
of sustainable urban frameworks in Germany; Sustainable City Program
in China
1.2.3 Practical Overview of peri-urban space structural in eco-city
* The process of expanding the eco-city of Curitiba, Brazil creates
a new spatial structure along the linear axes that reduce the population pressure, increases the density of green space, green space, minimizing central flooding The linear spatial axis increases the accessibility of public transport systems, reduces the distance traveled, and creates a compact space structure
Figure 1.8: The linear space structure of the perimeter space
* Space structure expand the ecological city of Freiburg, Germany: The peri-urban in the process of expanding the city of Freiburg, Germany increased the accessibility of the city to the natural forest surrounding the city Peri-urban forests contribute to green space,
Trang 8providing a wood material that contributes to clean energy production
* Sino-Singapore Tianjin ecological urban area, China:
The Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city project, located in the coastal suburbs of Tianjin, China, was designed to improve the salty soil into an ecological urban The "ecological cell" model is built to create the basis for ecological districts
* Peri-urban space in Asian cities during the expansion:
Sustainable cities, green cities in Asia such as Singapore or Seoul, South Korea also have their own approach to urban ecology The expansion of the peri-urban area has created opportunities for these cities to expand living space, increase the density of green space, bring the river into the city and increase access to hilly terrain in the peri-urban
1.3 Current situation of peri-urban space of cities in the North Central region
1.3.1 Overview of natural conditions in the cities of North Central
* The North Central covers an area of 51,522 km2 including six provinces, of which the north from the Ngang Pass back to the three provinces of Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh and south from the Ngang Pass to the Hai Van Pass including Quang Binh, Quang Tri, and Thua Thien Hue province
Characteristics of terrain are generally complex with more than 70% of the area being hilly The terrain is divided into three distinct strips: the hills in the west, the plain in the middle, the strip of coast, island and continental shelf in the east
* Cities in the North Central Region are located in the eastern delta region, most of which are alluvial soil by rivers Due to the impact of the terrain, in the cities are generally characterized as sloping to the sea Natural ecosystems also change with the terrain; West of the city is
Trang 9often surrounded by low mountain ranges, remnant mountains, next to the delta and east is the tidal marsh, the sea
1.3.2 Current situation of peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city
Determination of peri-urban space includes:
- Inner peri-urban: include suburban communes located close to the inner city Basically, this is the rural area with the main component of agriculture and traditional craft villages However, in recent years the speed of urbanization in this area is happening rapidly
I, II Iner city
III Inner peri-urban
IV Outer Peri-urban
- Outer Peri-urban: include suburban communes forming outer belts The inner peri-urban and outer peri-urban have an area of about 90 km2 with a population of over 150 thousand (2015) Peri-urban occupations are mainly agricultural with the rate of cultivation accounting for about
accounting for about 55% and agricultural services
Figure 1.19: Peri-Urban area of
Thanh Hoa city according to
administrative
- Expanding peri-urban areas: this is a region with a rich natural ecosystem, which affects a very important in determining the spatial structure of Thanh Hoa city
1.3.3 Current situation of peri-urban space in Vinh city
The peri-urban space boundary is defined by three main areas:
- The inner peri-urban include the suburban communes in the
Trang 10administrative area (within 105 km2) Components in the inner urban space structure mainly include new urban areas intermingled with rural areas This area is strongly affected by the pace of development and the demand for expanding the city's residential land
peri-I Inner Peri-urban; Iperi-I Outer Peri-urban;
III Expanding Peri-urban area
- Outer Peri-urban: urban structure space creates the second belt around the city to the north Outside peri-urban areas with structures mainly consist of villages and rural areas The west is mainly agricultural rice, crops and eastern agricultural aquaculture
peri Expanding peri-urban areas: including hilly and mountainous ecosystems, western fields and the Lam
ecosystem in the East Hình 1.26: Partitioning of peri-urban
space (250km2 area)
1.3.4 Current situation of peri-urban space in Hà Tinh city
Planning structure of Ha Tinh city according to the model
"Focusing urban center", identify the central city, the dynamics of suburban and suburban development, combined with radial traffic network and belt
Trang 11IV Expansion peri-urban areas (the western mountain ecoregion and the East Sea)
Figure 1.29: Partitioning of urban space in Ha Tinh city
peri-1.4 Some topics and thesis related to research topics
The trend of sustainable urban and ecological urban development is the main trend in urban research in Vietnam In the thesis of the researchers mentioned a number of issues of ecological urban, ecological landscape and peri-urban space
Scientists in Vietnam have approached and proposed principles for ecological urbanism in many respects However, with specific social, economic and natural factors of different stretching regions across the country, it is necessary to have access to separate ecological cities; especially the peri-urban areas that are heavily affected by urbanization
1.5 Conclusion of chapter 1
* Through research and synthesis of ecological cities in the world and Vietnam, point out the ecological cities is the optimal direction for cities
* In Vietnam, there are currently no specific criteria for ecological
Trang 12cities In cities in the North Central region, there has not been much research on ecological urban, especially the areas of the peri-urban areas which have been neglected and have not been focused
* From the above problems, it is possible to choose the research direction of peri-urban spatial structure based on the inherent strengths
in the North Central Region cities, contributing to sustainable urban development Consistent with the general trends and standards of eco-cities The research direction of the thesis focuses on peri-urban areas of Thanh Hoa city, Vinh city, and Ha Tinh city
Chapter 2: Scientific bases of peri-urban space structure of cities in the North Central region towards ecological urban
2.1 Law bases
2.1.1 System of legal documents
2.1.2 Orientation of general planning of North Central cities
2.1.3 City planning towards ecological urbanism
2.2 Theoretical bases
2.2.1 Approach to peri-urban areas in ecological urban areas
* It can be seen that IEFS has introduced the principles and standards of ecological urban areas comprehensively in many aspects from scope to objectives
* Approaching ecological urban according to specific characteristics For cities in the North Central region, the selection of criteria for development is based on its strengths and characteristics, which is essential in which the peri-urban area plays a very important role
2.2.2 Impact of peri-urban areas during urban expansion
- Rapid population growth; Changing the structure of space and new residential areas
- Changing job structure and infrastructure, natural ecological and
Trang 13Agricultural ecology
2.2.3 Basis for linking natural ecosystems in urban areas
- In nature, the ecological flows are defined according to a certain cycle, usually following the shifting factors to one side These moving lines have different levels of complexity
- When the city has not much impact on nature, people are part of the natural ecosystem, exist and live but do not break the natural ecosystem
2.2.4 Impact of urban development on natural ecosystems
The original residential nature is a natural ecosystem and a human being is a factor in it When the city is formed, the natural ecosystem begins to change The process of urban development increasingly disrupts ecosystems leading to imbalance
2.2.5 Basis of ecological balance in urban spatial structure
- The basis of ecological footprint theory
- Natural biomass in eco-urban design
2.2.6 Urban heat reduction facility
- Reduce urban heat by water surface system
- Reduce heat for urban areas by green trees
- Reduce heat by surface
2.3 Factor impacting the peri-urban space structure of cities in the North Central region
2.3.1 Characteristic Peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city
* Topographic and natural ecology
Characteristic of peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city in the form of
a belt surrounding the inner city The inner periphery has an interwoven structure, including the points that make up the belt The western outer periphery extends to the mountain ecosystem, and the East tends to expand to the Northeast of the Ma River