Ai mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì2. + in + time Ai làm việc gì trong bao nhiêu thời gian Ex: He spent 2 hours doing his homework.. Đã đợc bao nhiêu thời gian kể từ lần cuối S làm
Trang 1CÁC CẤU TRÚC TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG
1
1 Whose + N + be + Pronoun? ( Cái này của ai? )
2 Who + do/ does + N + belong to? (Cái này thuộc của ai? )
Ex: Whose cars are these?
Who do these cars belong to?
2
1 S(person) + spend(any tense) + time + V ing + O
(Ai dựng bao nhiêu thời gian làm gì)
2 It + take( any tense) + Obj (person) + time + To + V o
(Ai mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì)
3 S + V(any tense) + … + in + time
( Ai làm việc gì trong bao nhiêu thời gian)
Ex: He spent 2 hours doing his homework.
It took him 2 hours to do his homework
He did his HW in 2 hours
3
1 S1 + V + because/ since/ as + S2 + V
Main clause adverb clause of reason
2 S + V(any tense) + …+ because of + N/ N(phrase)
(Ai đó làm sao bởi vì )
3 N/N(phrase) + make( any tense) + Obj(person) + V o / adj
(Cái gì làm cho ai đó làm sao đó )
Ex 1: We didn’t go to Vung Tau because the weather was bad.
clause
We didn’t go to Vung Tau because of the bad weather
Ex 2: They laughed because of the clowns N- pharse
The clowns made them laugh
4
1 This is the first time + S +have/has + ever + V 3/ed + …
(Đây là lần đầu tiên … từng làm việc gì)
2 S + have/ has + never + V 3/ed + … + before.
(Ai cha từng làm việc gì trớc đó)
Ex: This is the first time I have ever visited Ha Long bay
I have never visited Ha Long before
5
1 When + did + S + V + …?
(S làm cái gì đó vào khi nào )
2 How long + have/has + S + V 3/ed …?
+ have/has + S + been + V-ing + …?
Ex: When did you study English ? How long have you studied English?
6
Trang 21 S(person) + find(any tense)+ N/ Obj + adj (ing)
(Ai nhận thấy cái gì ra sao)
2 S (person) + be + adj(ed) + prep + N/Obj.
Ex: I found the book interesting.
I was interested in the book
boring interesting amusing amazing tiring surprising annoying
bored with interested in amused at amazed at tired of surprised at annoyed at 7
1 S + last / first + V 2/ ed + adv of time
(S lần đầu, lần cuối làm cái gì)
2 The last / first time + S + V 2/ ed + be + Adv of time
(S lần cuối/đầu làm gì là từ khi … )
3 S + haven’t /hasn’t + V 3 /ed … + since / for + adv of time
( S cha từng làm gì từ / khoảng …)
4 It + be + adv of time + since + S + last / first + V 2/ ed
Ex: I last saw Nam 2 years ago
I haven’t seen Nam for 2 years
8
1 It is + time + since + S + last + V 2/ ed ….
(Đã đợc bao nhiêu thời gian kể từ lần cuối S làm việc gì)
2 S + (have/has) + not + V 3 /ed … + for + time
( S Cha làm gì từ/ khoảng … )
Ex: It was 2 years since I last saw him
I haven’t seen him for 2 years
9
1 S + take care of(any tense) + N/ V-ing + …
2 S + look after (any tense) + N/ V-ing + …
Ex: Can you take care of my house?
Can you look after my house?
10
1 S + enjoy/ like + N/ V-ing + … than + N/V-ing …
2 S + would rather + Vo + than + Vo …
3 S + prefer + N/V-ing +…… + to + N/ V-ing +…….
11
Trang 31 S1 + aux V + not + allow + Obj (person) + to V o +
( S1 không cho phép ai làm gì )
2 S1 + prevent (any tense) + Obj (person) + from + V-ing …
( S1 ngăn cấm ai làm việc gì)
Ex: They don’t allow the students to smoke here
They prevent the students from smoking here
12
Vay, mợn ai
1 S + borrow + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
2 S + lend + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
Ex: Nam borrowed me money
I lent Nam money
13
Hào hứng mong đợi làm việc gì đó
1 S + look forward to + V-ing + …
2 S+ be + excited (at, about) + V-ing …
3 S + long to + Vo …
Ex: We are very excited about meeting Lan
We look forward to meeting Lan
14
1 S + be + the + (adj + est / most + adj) + N+ S + have/ has ever + V 3/ed
2 S + have/has + never + V 3/ed + such + (a/an) + adj + N + before.
Ex: This is the biggest house I have ever seen
I have never seen such a big house before.
15
1 After+ S + had+ V 3/ed …, S + V 2/ed …
2 Before + S + V 2/ed …, + S +had +V 3/ed …
Ex: Before I had finished my home work, I went to bed
After I went to bed, I had finished my home work
16
1 S(N) + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V …
2 Pron (it/they) + V + such (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V
Ex: He drives so carelessly that he often has accidents.
He is such a careless driver that he often has acccidents.
17
1 S + V(-) + adj / adv + enough + to + V o …
Trang 42 S + V(+) + too + adj / adv( trái nghĩa ) + to + V o …
Ex: The table is not light enough for me to lift
The table is too heavy for me to lift
S + V + adj/adv + enough +( For + O) + to + V o
Ex
1 : The film was interesting We saw it twice
The film was interesting enough for us to see it twice
Ex
2 : He is very tall He can reach the shelf
He is strong enough to reach the shelf.
18
S + V + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to + V o …
Ex
1 : He is very ill He can’t go to school
He is too ill to go to school
Ex
2 : He drives very slowly He can’t reach the finish
He drives too slowly to reach the finish
19
S + V … in order (not) to / so as (not) to + Vo… (Nhằm để)
S + V + so that + clause (S+ V)
20
Adj and adv of manner/ V and N of job
S + V(present) + +Adv of manner
S + be + a/an + Adj + N(Job)
Ex: He drive s carefully
He is a careful drive r
good
bad
careless
hard
fast
late
early
soon
noisy
different
well badly carelessly hard fast late early soon noisily differently
work saw invent teach cook sing play drive speak run
worker sawyer inventor teacher cook singer player driver speaker runner
21
1 How + adj (trọng lợng, kích cỡ) + be + S (N/ Pro)?
Trang 52 What + be + one’s + N(träng lîng, kÝch cì) ?
Ex: How tall are you?
What is your height?
tall/ high
big/small
long/short
deep
thin
thick
wide/narrow
old
height size length depth thinness thickness width age 22
Nªn / kh«ng nªn
1 S + should(not ) + Vo…
2 S + had better( not ) + Vo…
23
1 S + don’t / doesn’t + Vo + … any more
2 S + used to + Vo …
3 S + stop + Ving …
4 S + no longer + V …
5 S + V + … + any longer.
6 S + give up + V-ing …
Ex: She doesn’t smoke any more
She used to smoke
24
Let’s + Vo…
Let’s not + Vo
Let + O ( me, her, them, Nam ) + Vo …
S + let / don’t let + O (person) + Vo…
25
1 S + have(any tense) + O (person) + V o + O (thing)
S + have(any tense) + O (thing) + V 3/ed …+ by + O(person)
1 S + get (any tense) + O(person) + to + Vo + O(thing)
S + get (any tense) + O(thing) + V 3/ed + by + O (person)
Ex
1 :I will have Nam repair my bike
I will have my bike repair ed by Nam
Ex
2 : He got someone to clean the door
He got the door clean ed by someone
26
1 Is this + OK / alright + If I + Vo… ?
Trang 62 Would it be + OK / alright + if I + V 2/ed … ?
3 Do you mind if I + Vo …?
4 Would you mind if I + V 2/ed … ?
5 Do/would you mind+ me/my + Ving ?
Ex: Is this alright / ok if I borrow your pen?
Do you mind if I borrow your pen?
Would you mind if I borrowed your pen?
27
1 Do/ Would you mind + V- ing ….?
2 Can / could / will / would you + V o … for me?
Ex: Do you mind opening the door?
Can you open the door for me?
28
S + V + not only + (adj/adv/Noun) + but also + (adj/ adv/ Noun)
29
S1 + V + the same + N + as + S2(N)
S1/N1 + be + different from + S2/ N2
30
1 S1/N1 + V + adj /adv(so s¸nh h¬n ) + than + S2/ N2
2 S2/ N2+ (aux V + not) + as / so + adj/adv + as + S1/N1
Ex: She is taller than her sister.
Her sister is not so tall as her.
PASSIVE VOICE
Active: S + V(present ) + Obj + …
Passive: S + is/am/are + V 3/ed + … By + Obj
Ex: People speak English all over the world
EL is spoken all over the world by people
Active: S + V (past tense) + Obj + …
Passive: S + was/were + V 3/ed + …… by + Obj
Ex: He did his homework last night.
His homework was done last night
Trang 7S + V (present progressive) + Obj + ……
S + (is/am/are) + being + V 3/ed + … + by + Obj
Ex: They are building a new stadium here
A new stadium is being built here by them
S + have/has + V 3/ed + Obj +……
S + have/has + been + V 3/ed + …… + by + Obj
Ex: I have learnt EL since 1999
EL has been learnt since 1999 by me
S + have/has + been + Ving + Obj +…
S + have/has + been + being + V 3/ed + by + Obj
Ex: We have been playing soccer for 2 hours
Soccer has been being played for 2 hours by us
S + was/were + Ving + Obj + …
S + was/were + being + V 3/ed) +… +by + Obj
Ex: She was reading book at 8 o’clock last night
Book was being read at 8 last night by her
S + had + V 3/ed + Obj +……
S + had + been + V 3/ed + … + by + Obj
Ex: She had done her homework before she went to bed.
Her homework had been done before she went to bed
* Modal verbs: (will, would, may, might, shall, should, ought to, must, be going to, have
to, used to, can , could, be able to )
S + modal verbs + Vo + Obj + ……
S + modal verbs + be + V 3/ed + …… by + Obj
Ex: He can do this exercise
This exercise can be done (by him)
* Trờng hợp bất qui tắc
Các động từ chỉ giác quan
Trang 8S + see/watch/ notice/ hear + Obj + V o /V-ing …
S + be + V 3/ed + to Vo + …… By + Obj
Ex: I saw him play soccer yesterday
He was seen to play soccer yesterday
Các động t f chỉ ý kiến (say, think, report, consider, believe )
Active: S1 + V1(ý kiến) + that + S2+ V2 + …
Passive: S2 + be + V 3/ed + To Vo / To have + V 3/ed
Or: It + be + V 3/ed (ý kiến) + that + S2 + V2 + …
Ex: They say that he is a famous singer
He is said to be a famous singer
It is said that he is a famous singer
Active: Vo + Obj + …
Passive: Let + Obj + be + V 3/ed …
Ex: Write your name here.
Let your name be written here
Active: Don’t + Vo+ Obj …!
Passive: Don’t + let + Obj + be + V 3 /ed …
Ex: Don’t open the door
Don’t let the door be opened
Dùng với need
Active: S + need + to have + Obj(thing) + V 3 /ed …
Passive: S(thing) + need +( Ving/to be + V 3/ed) …
Ex: You need to have your house painted.
Your house needs painting
to be painted
Active: How/ Wh- + aux V + S + V + Obj …?
Trang 9Pasive: How/ What + be + S + V3/ed + + by + Obj …?
Ex: When did he do his homework ?
When was his homework done by him ?
Cõu cảm thỏn
1 What + (a/an) + Adj + N !
2 How + Adj + the + N + be !
Ex: What beautiful houses!
How beautiful the houses are!
Tốt, tử tế làm việc gì đó.
1 It is very kind of + Obj(person) + to + V o +
2 S + be + kind + to + V o / Obj.
Ex: You are very kind to help me
It is very kind of you to help me
Cạn kiệt, hết cái gì
1 N + be + empty
2 S + run out of + N
Ex: The car’s fuel is empty
The car runs out of fuel
1 S + V 2 /ed + … adv of time.
2 S + have/has + V 3/ed … + for / since + adv of time.
Ex: We lived in Mai son 2 years ago
We have lied in Mai son for 2 years
Yêu nhau
1 S + love (any tense) + Obj(person ) …
2 S + fall (any tense) + in love with + Obj(person) ….
Ex: She loved him at the first sight.
She fell in love with him at the first sight
1 S + enjoy + reflexive Pron (himself, herself, themslves) …
( Tự thởng thức thời gian vui vẻ)
2 S + have a good time …(Có thời gian vui vẻ).
Ex: She enjoyed herself at the party.
She had a good time at the party.
1 S 1 + S 2 + have(any tense) + good relationship
Trang 10( Cã mèi quan hƯ tèt víi ai )
2 S 1 + get (any tense) on well with + S 2
( Hoµ thuËn víi ai)
Ex: She and I have had good relationship since 2003.
She has gotten on well with me since 2003.
C©u mƯnh lƯnh gi¸n tiÕp
S + V + ask + Obj(person) + (not) + to + Vo
Tell
Beg (khẩn, nài)
Warn (cảnh báo)
Permit (cho phép)
Want (muốn)
Advise(khuyên)
Order (ra lệnh)
Invite (mời)
Allow (cho phép)
Teach (dạy)
Encourage (khuyến khích)
TỪ LIÊN KẾT – CONNECTIVES/ CONNECTORS
and nối hai thành phần cùng loại (n, adj, adv ), but/ however nêu lên ý tương phản,
or dùng để giới thiệu một ý khác, thường gặp trong câu hỏi; so/ therefore dùng để chỉ kết
quả
S + V but + S + V.
S + V, however, S + V / S+ V However, S + V.
S + V, so + S + V.
S + V, therefore, + S + V / S + V Therefore, + S + V
Ex: She danced and sang beautifully./ He is handsome and intelligent.
He was rich but unhappy.
It was too hot so I opened the window./ I worked hard so I passed the exam easily.
It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.
He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
Nam didn’t study Therefore, he failed the test = Nam didn’t study He, therefore, failed the test.
It was cold However, I still went swimming.
MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ(ADVERB CLAUSES
OF CONCESSION)
Trang 11Although, though, even though, in spite of, despite có nghĩa là dù, mặc dù, dù
cho được dùng để chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề Những mệnh đề chứa các từ này gọi là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ
E x :
Although he is intelligent, he can’t do the test.
In spite of/ Despite his intelligence, he can’t do the test.
Though he works hard, he is still poor.
In spite of/ Despite working hard, he is still poor.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
TYPE I
Có thể xảy ra dễ
dàng ở HT or TL
Present simple
S + V( s/es)
S + will/shall + V o
S + can/may/must…+ V o
S + V (s/es) (thĩi quen)
Ex: - If I have enough money, I’ll buy a motorbike.
- If it rains, we won’t go to the cinema.
TYPE II
Không có thật
hoặc trái với sự
thật ở HT
Past subjunctive
S +V 2/ed (be →were) S + would/ could…+ V o …
Ex: - If I were you, I would study hard.
- If he had a lot of money, he would visit around the world.
TYPE III
Không có thật
hoặc trái với sự
thật ở QK
Past perfect
S + had + V 3/ed S + would/could + have + V3/ed
Ex: If Peter had studied hard, he wouldn’t have failed the exam.
* Ghi chú: Unless = If not
Ex: We’ll be late if we don’t hurry
Unless we hurry, we’ll be late.
Không bao giờ có hình thức phủ định của động từ trong mệnh đề có “unless”
Nếu câu đề bài có “OR” & “WILL” Viết câu ĐK loại I
Nếu câu đề bài ở thì HT Viết câu ĐK loại II
Nếu câu đề bài ở thì QK viết câu ĐK loại III
Khi viết câu với IF thì phải bỏ “so, because, that’s why”
CLAUSES AFTER WISH (MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH)
S + V + although/ though/ even though + S + V.
Although/ Though/ Even though + S + V, S + V.
In spite of/ Despite + Noun phrase (cụm DT)/ Gerund , + S + V.
Trang 121 Type I: Future wish (Ao ửụực ụỷ tửụng lai)
S + wish + S + Would + V o
2 Type II: Present wish (Ao ửụực ụỷ hieọn taùi)
S + wish + S + V 2/ed ( be were )
didn’t + V o
3 Type III: Past wish (Ao ửụực ụỷ quaự khửự)
S + wish + S + Had + V 3/ed
Chuự yự: S + wish…… = If only………
Neỏu caõu ủeà baứi coự “WILL” OR
“TOMORROW” Vieỏt loaùi I
Neỏu caõu ủeà baứi ụỷ HT Vieỏt loaùi II
Neỏu caõu ủeà baứi ụỷ QK Vieỏt loaùi III
Boỷ “sorry, regret, what a pity…”
Cách sử dụng cấu trúc “ either or ” và "neither nor ”
Điều cần lu ý nhất khi sử dụng cặp thành ngữ này là động từ sau đó phải chia theo
danh từ sau or hoặc nor Nếu danh từ đó là số ít thì động từ phải chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít
và ngợc lại
Neither nor
+ noun + singular noun + singular verb
either or
Ví dụ:
Neither John nor Bill is going to the beach today
Singular noun singular verb
Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today
Either John or Bill is going to the beach today.
Singular noun singular verb
Neither nor
+ noun + plural noun + plural verb
either or
Ví dụ:
Neither Maria nor her friend s are going to class today.
Plural plural
L
u ý :
Khi chủ ngữ là 1 verbing thì động từ phải chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít.