Rationale of the study
Logistics has become a vital solution to meet the increasing demands for efficient production and distribution in a rapidly growing economy As a key enabler of convenience and speed in delivering products to consumers, logistics has established its significant role in national development This trend is evident worldwide and is increasingly recognized as a crucial component of Vietnam’s economic growth and integration into the global market.
Logistics is a vital service that ensures the efficient transportation of goods from the point of production to the consumer, involving detailed planning and control of the movement of raw materials and products based on customer requirements To succeed in the competitive logistics industry, companies must continuously improve their services by focusing on quantity, delivery time, and pricing strategies This industry motivates many students like myself, a student at Haiphong Private University, to explore modern education programs and specialized training Recognizing the complexity of logistics terminology, I have chosen to research “A study on the translation of English terminologies related to logistics” for my graduation project, emphasizing the importance of understanding industry-specific terms for effective communication and career development.
Aims of the study
The study on translation of education terms aims to figure out an overview on translation strategies and procedures commonly employed in translation of Logistics terms
In details, my Graduation Paper aims at:
Collecting and presenting basic English terminologies in Logistics terms
Providing their Vietnamese equivalents or expressions
Analyzing translation strategies and procedures employed in the translation of these English terms into Vietnamese
Providing students majoring in the subject and those who may concern a draft and short reference of basic English terms in Logistics.
This study aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of logistics terminology by analyzing information from both written texts and visual presentations By exploring how these different formats convey key concepts, the research aims to enhance learners' ability to interpret and utilize logistics information effectively Ultimately, the study seeks to improve translation skills related to logistics terms, ensuring clearer communication and better comprehension within the field.
Scope of the study
The logistics field is vast, encompassing numerous complex concepts and operations Due to limitations in time, knowledge, and experience, I am primarily focused on exploring translation theories and strategies specific to major logistics terms in Vietnamese This targeted approach aims to enhance accurate and effective communication within the logistics industry through specialized translation practices.
Methods of the study
This Graduation paper is carried out by using the quantitative _ interviews, consultation, qualitative_ data analysis and searching information…
All of English and Vietnamese terms in this graduation paper are collected from internet and dictionary These data are divided into groups based on their common character.
Design of the study
My graduation paper is divided into three parts:
The first part is the Introduction, including: the rationale, aims, scope, method and design of the study
The second part is the Development with three chapters:
Chapter I: Theoretical background: It focuses on the concepts of translation, terms in English and form of language as well as different methods used by professional translators
Chapter II: A study on translation of English terminologies related to logistics, including the popular construction of terms and some strategies applied in translation of some common Logistics terms
Chapter III: Finding and Discussion
The last part is the Conclusion in which I summarize the study to highlight experiences acquired and state the implications for future study
Translation Theory
There are many concepts of translation all over the world Following are some typical concepts:
Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language
Translation involves interpreting the meaning of a source text and producing an equivalent target text that conveys the same message in another language The source text is the original content to be translated, while the target language is the language into which the text is translated The final translated version is often referred to as the target text, ensuring accurate communication across different languages and cultures.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/translation) Translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language
Translation is a vital act of communication that bridges cultural and linguistic boundaries, allowing meaningful exchange across different languages According to Hatim and Mason (1997), translation involves transferring the meaning from a source text in one language to an equivalent text in another language, facilitating cross-cultural understanding.
Translation is a text with qualities of equivalence to a prior text in another language, such that the new text is taken as a substitute for the original
Translation is a transfer process, which aims at the transformation of a written
SL text into an optimally equivalent TL text, and which requires the syntactic, the semantic and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the
Translation is a multifaceted concept with various definitions provided by translators, researchers, and linguists, each offering their unique perspective Despite these differences, translation universally involves the process of identifying the most appropriate equivalents to effectively convey meaning from a source language to a target language.
Translators utilize different strategies to express their opinions, recognition, or to identify the most accurate explanation of the main issue A key challenge in translation is deciding whether to adopt a literal or free translation approach, depending on factors such as the translation's purpose, the target audience, and the type of text involved.
Peter Newmark (1988:45) identified eight methods of translation, highlighting different approaches to conveying meaning between languages Based on the degree of emphasis on the source language (SL) and target language (TL), he visualized these methods in a simplified diagram, illustrating the spectrum of translation techniques from literal to free adaptation.
Interlinear translation displays the target language (TL) directly below the source language (SL) words, maintaining the original word order This method translates each word by its most common meaning, often translating cultural terms literally Its primary purpose is to help understand the mechanics of the source language or to analyze complex texts during pre-translation This approach is especially useful for language learners and translators working to grasp nuanced linguistic structures.
Cristiano Ronaldo is a football player living and playing football in Italy
Cristiano Rnaldo là một cầu thủ bóng đá đang sống và chơi bóng tại Italia 1.2.2 Literal translation
Literal translation is a broad form of translation where each source language (SL) word corresponds directly to a target language (TL) word, though their primary meanings may differ It involves converting SL grammatical structures to the nearest TL equivalents while translating lexical items out of context Considered the fundamental step in both communication and semantic translation, literal translation serves as the starting point for the translation process As a pre-translation stage, it highlights potential issues that need to be addressed to ensure accurate and meaningful translation.
I tried for a moment to see the situation through her eyes
Tôi đã thử một lần cố nhìn nhận tình huống theo cách nhìn của cô ta
This translation method aims to accurately reproduce the original text's contextual meaning while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language It preserves cultural words and maintains the original’s grammatical and lexical deviations from source language norms The approach strives to stay true to the original writer's intent and overall text realization, ensuring fidelity and cultural authenticity in the translated content.
We could see the Mekong River winding its way through the plains below
Chúng tôi có thể nhìn thấy con sông Mekong uốn khúc qua những cảnh đồng bên dưới
Semantic translation differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text, compromising on
A faithful translation can often be dogmatic, whereas a semantic translation offers greater flexibility by focusing on conveying the original meaning more accurately According to New Mark (1982:22), effective translation involves respecting the semantic constraints of the target language to accurately reproduce the contextual meaning of the original author When translating, it is important to incorporate the meaning appropriately, avoiding reliance on cultural equivalents or wordplay that may disrupt the coherence or authenticity of the text Overall, a nuanced approach prioritizes meaning and context, ensuring that the final version maintains fidelity while being accessible to the readership.
The third world is vulnerable owing to its extreme specialization The export earnings of many developing countries are based on just two or three main products
Thế giới thứ ba dễ bị tổn thất do sự chuyên môn hóa quá mức, khi phần lớn các nước đang phát triển phụ thuộc vào việc xuất khẩu một hoặc hai mặt hàng chủ lực Thu nhập từ xuất khẩu của họ chủ yếu đến từ các sản phẩm này, gây ra rủi ro lớn trong nền kinh tế khi giá cả biến động hoặc thị trường toàn cầu gặp khó khăn Việc phụ thuộc quá mức vào một số mặt hàng chủ đạo khiến các nước này dễ bị tổn thương và thiếu đa dạng hóa kinh tế, ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển bền vững.
The "freest" form of translation is primarily used for plays and poetry, where themes, characters, and plot are preserved while SL culture is adapted into TL culture through rewriting Dung Vu (2004) emphasizes that adaptation involves borrowing ideas from the original to craft a new text in a different language, focusing more on creative reinterpretation than strict fidelity This approach often transforms both the content and form, making adaptation a process of creative re-creation rather than direct translation.
Below the bridge runs the current pure and clear
And there the grass grows soft, by the bridge
Ngồi đầu cầu nước trong như lọc Đường bên cầu cỏ mọc còn non
Free translation involves conveying the meaning of the source language using the translator's own words, often resulting in a paraphrased version that may be longer than the original This approach prioritizes making the translated text sound more natural and fluent in the target language However, the downside is that the high level of freedom in translation can sometimes make it harder to grasp the precise original message, leading to potential misunderstandings Free translation focuses on capturing the essence rather than the exact wording or structure of the original text.
Winter snows, I thought, had drifted through that void arch, winter rains beaten in at those hollow casements
Tôi đã tưởng tượng ra những hạt tuyết mùa đông buồn bã rơi qua khung cửa sổ nhỏ bé, tạo nên một khung cảnh lãng mạn và đầy cảm xúc Những cơn mưa rơi tí tách trên khung cửa sổ trống trải mang lại cảm giác yên bình và tĩnh lặng trong tâm trí Cảnh tượng này gợi lên nỗi nhớ về những mùa đông đã qua, khiến tôi cảm thấy vừa buồn vừa xao xuyến trong lòng.
Idiomatic translation reproduces the “message” of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and the idiom where these do not exist in the original
As the call, so the echo Ác giả, ác báo
Communicative translation attempts to reader the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership
“But even here the translation still has to respect and work on the form of the source language text as the only material basis for his work” (Peter Newmark, 1982:39)
Safety In the United State, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) applies strict controls before authorizing the launch of a new drug on the American market
Tại Mỹ, sự an toàn của các sản phẩm dược phẩm luôn được đặt lên hàng đầu Cục Quản Lý Dược và Thực Phẩm (FDA) áp dụng các quy trình kiểm soát chặt chẽ để đảm bảo rằng chỉ những sản phẩm đạt tiêu chuẩn an toàn mới được phê duyệt và đưa ra thị trường Quy trình này bao gồm các bước kiểm tra nghiêm ngặt và đánh giá kỹ lưỡng trước khi một sản phẩm dược mới được phép lưu hành tại Mỹ, đảm bảo quyền lợi và sức khỏe của người tiêu dùng.
Beside the above common the types of translation, some of the following types are sometimes used during translation process They include: service translation,
8 plum prose translation, information translation, cognitive translation, academic translation
The comparison of texts in different languages fundamentally revolves around the concept of equivalence, which remains the central issue in translation theory According to Vanessa Leonardo, "Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its definition, relevance, and applicability within the fields of translation theory have caused heated controversy." Over the past fifty years, various theories of equivalence have been developed, reflecting the ongoing debate and diverse approaches in the field of translation studies.
Equivalence-oriented translation is a procedure which replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording
ESP in translation
ESP, or English for Specific Purposes, is a specialized branch of English language teaching that focuses on English tailored to specific needs It is often understood as teaching English for any particular purpose that can be clearly defined Specifically, ESP can refer to instruction aimed at academic contexts or focused on vocational and professional communication skills This targeted approach ensures learners develop the language proficiency necessary for their specific academic, work, or professional environments.
Tony Dudley-Evans, co-editor of the ESP Journal gives an extended definition of ESP in terms of 'absolute' and 'variable' characteristics (see below)
Definition of ESP (Dudley-Evans, 1997)
ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines
ESP may use in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of General English
ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either at a tertiary level institution or in a professional work situation It could, however, be for learners at secondary school level
ESP is generally designed for intermediate or advanced students
Most ESP courses assume some basic knowledge of the language systems.
David Carter (1983) identifies three types of ESP:
English for Academic and Occupational Purposes
Air traffic controllers and waiters use English as a restricted language, characterized by simplified and controlled vocabulary to ensure clarity and precision Mackay and Mountford (1978) highlight the difference between restricted language and general language, emphasizing that restricted language is designed to minimize misunderstanding in high-stakes communication This controlled form of English serves specific functions in professions where clarity and brevity are essential.
International air-traffic control language is considered "special" because it involves a limited, precisely defined vocabulary tailored to specific situations, similar to the language used by waitstaff or flight attendants However, these restricted vocabularies do not constitute full languages, much like a tourist phrasebook is not a complete grammar Mastering such a limited "language" does not enable effective communication in new or unfamiliar contexts outside the professional environment.
Carter (1983) identified English for Academic and Occupational Purposes as the second key type of ESP According to Hutchinson and Waters' 'Tree of ELT' (1987), ESP is divided into three main branches: English for Science and Technology (EST), English for Business and Economics (EBE), and English for Social Studies (ESS).
Each of these subject areas is further divided into two branches:
English for Academic Purposes (EAP)
English for Occupational Purposes (EOP)
An example of EOP for the EST branch is 'English for Technicians' whereas an example of EAP for the EST branch is 'English for Medical Studies'
Carter (1983) identified English for Specific Topics as the third and final type of ESP, where the focus shifts from general purpose to specific content areas This approach is tailored to meet the future English language needs of professionals like scientists, who require English for postgraduate reading, conference participation, and work in international institutions.
Situational language is not a distinct type of ESP; instead, it serves as an essential component of ESP courses or programs that focus on specific contexts This language has been identified through needs analysis, which interprets authentic language used in target workplace settings to tailor the curriculum effectively.
Terms in English
In “Dictionary of Linguistic Terminology” (1997) there are 15 different definitions of terminology According to Nguyen Van Tu (1960:176):
Terminology refers to words or combinations of words used across various fields such as science, technology, politics, and art, each carrying specific meanings It denotes precise concepts and names within these scientific and scholarly areas, ensuring clear communication and understanding of specialized subjects Proper use of terminology is essential for accurate discourse and effective knowledge sharing in their respective disciplines.
According Russian author in “Russian Encyclopedia” (1976:473-474)
“terminology is a word or a combination of words that denotes the concept precisely and its relationship with other concept in specific area Terminology is a specialized and restricted expression on things, phenomenon, characteristic, and the relationships in specific profession”
Many Vietnamese linguistics such as Do Huu Chau (1998), Luu Van Lang
(1979), also provided definitions of terminology Do Huu chau claims: “terms are specialist words used within a scientific field, a profession or any technological field” Yet, the newest and most informative definition was the one by Nguyen Thien Giap (1985:308-309) He claimed that terminology, which is understood as a specific linguistic unit of a language, consist of word and fixed phrase that provides precise definition on objective that belong to a particular scientific area In “the conference on Building Terminology System” held by the State Community of Science (1969, Ha Noi) general criteria of terminology were discussed the concluded that the following qualities should be in terminology: (1) accurateness, (2) systematize, (3) internationalism
There is distinction between technical and descriptive terms The original source language writer may use a descriptive term for a technical object for three reasons:
The objective is new and not yet has a name
The descriptive term is being used as a familiar alternative, to avoid repetition
The descriptive term is being used to make a contrast with another one
When translating technical and descriptive terms, it is important to use their corresponding terms and avoid the temptation to translate a descriptive adjective with a technical term to showcase your knowledge, as this can diminish the linguistic strength of the source language (SL) term However, if the SL descriptive term is used due to the writer’s ignorance, negligence, or the absence of an appropriate technical equivalent in the source language, especially when referencing an object unfamiliar to the SL but common in the target language (TL) culture, then translating a descriptive term with a technical term is justified Ensuring accurate and culturally appropriate translation maintains the clarity and effectiveness of the original message.
Terminology typically accounts for only 5-10% of a text, with the remaining content focusing on natural, fluent language An authoritative writing style aims for clarity and elegance, which can be achieved by gently converting technical or stiff language into natural, engaging prose Adopting this approach enhances readability and ensures your message resonates effectively with your audience.
According to structure, Logistics Terms consist of following types:
Single terms are those that consist of just one word, example: Export, Customer, Import, etc…
Compound terms are terms consisting of two or more words, most of them are compound nouns
Phrases: Most of them are noun phrases: Commission based agent, Exclusive distributor, Export-import procedures, etc…
Abbreviations: OEM: original equipment manufacturer, VAT: value added tax, GST: goods and service tax, etc…
STUDY ON TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH
Overview of Logistics
Logistics involves the detailed organization and execution of complex operations to manage the flow of goods and resources effectively It encompasses the movement of physical items like food, materials, equipment, and liquids, as well as intangible assets such as time and information Key aspects of logistics include coordinating information flow, materials handling, production, packaging, inventory management, transportation, warehousing, and security Proper logistics management ensures that products and resources reach their destination efficiently to meet customer and business requirements.
Military logistics is a crucial aspect of warfare, focusing on maintaining supply lines for the army while disrupting enemy logistics, as an armed force without resources and transportation is defenseless This practice dates back to the ancient world, demonstrating its longstanding importance Modern military operations now rely on advanced logistics solutions to meet their complex needs Logistics officers play a vital role in managing the timing and movement of resources to ensure troops are well-supplied and operationally ready.
Logistics management is a critical component of supply chain management that involves planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customer requirements Advanced simulation software enables modeling, analyzing, visualizing, and optimizing the complex logistics processes, ensuring effective resource utilization Minimizing resource use is essential for reducing costs and increasing overall supply chain efficiency.
15 common motivation in all logistics fields A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a logistician
1.2 Some features of Logistics field in Vietnam
The logistics industry is one of Vietnam's fastest-growing sectors, projected to expand at a rate exceeding the country's GDP growth Currently, logistics services contribute approximately 15-20% to Vietnam's GDP, reflecting its significant economic impact However, underdeveloped logistics infrastructure and rapidly expanding but inadequate transportation networks lead to higher logistics costs, posing challenges to industry efficiency and competitiveness.
Hanoi in the North and Ho Chi Minh City in the South stand as the primary logistics hubs in Vietnam, facilitating the country's supply chain and transportation networks An increasing outsourcing trend for logistics services is evident across Vietnam, driven by the need for efficiency and cost reduction These logistics services are typically categorized into two main groups, reflecting the diverse requirements of businesses operating in the region.
Basic services including outbound transportation/warehousing and inbound transportation/ warehousing
Specialised services including warehouse management, inventory man agement, order processing, vendor management, custom information and support, reverse logistics and climate controlled logistics.
The popular construction of terms and strategies applied for translating Logistics
Due to limited time and knowledge, this reseach only focus on some popular single terms, most of them are formed by the help of suffixes
Noun –forming suffixes: “ance”, “ion”, “er”, “y” …
Auction: a sale in which things are sold to the person who offers the mostmoney Đấu giá
Consumption: the amount of something that someone uses, eats, or drinks
Remittance: the act of sending payment to someone
Advance: to pay someone some money before the regular time
Tiền trả trước thời hạn
Customer: a person who buys goods or a service
Supplier: a company that sells something Nhà cung cấp
Delivery: the act of taking goods, letters, parcels, etc to people'shouses or places of work
In logistics and many other industries, most terminologies are compound words formed by merging two or more words, primarily as compound nouns and compound adjectives Understanding these compound terms is essential for clear communication and effective operations within the field Mastering logistics terminology helps professionals navigate complex processes and improves overall efficiency Familiarity with common compound terms enhances clarity and reduces misunderstandings in logistics management.
Customer Service: customer services the part of an organization that answerscustomers' questions, exchanges goo ds that are not satisfactory, etc
Nhân viên hỗ trợ, dịch vụ khách hàng
Customs declaration: an official document that lists and gives details of goods that are being imported or exported
A customs broker is a licensed professional or company responsible for ensuring that all required taxes and regulations are properly followed for the importation of goods into a country They assist businesses in navigating complex customs procedures, facilitating smooth and compliant import processes The role of a customs broker, or "đại lý hải quan," is essential for streamlining international trade and avoiding delays or legal issues during customs clearance By handling documentation, tariff payments, and regulatory compliance, customs brokers help importers efficiently bring goods across borders while adhering to all relevant laws.
Processing zone: An area where the series of actions that are taken to change rawmaterials during the production of goods
Freight forwarder: a company that arranges for goods to be transported, especially to another country
Hãng giao nhận vận tải
Air freight: Fee of goods that are carried by plane, or the system of carrying goods byplane
Cước hàng không Ocean Freight: Fee of goods that are carried by ship Cước biển
Documentations fee: fee of proof (bill of lading) Phí làm chứng từ (vận đơn)
Transit time: the movement of goods or people from one place to another
Departure date: the act of leaving a place, job, etc., or an occasion when this happens
Clean on board: loaded on the ship perfectly Đã bốc hàng lên tàu hoàn hảo
Exchange rate: the rate at which the money of one country can be changed for themoney of another country
Typing errors: typing mistake Lỗi đánh máy
Export procedures: a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something send goods to another country for sale
Import procedures: a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something to buy or bring in products from another country
Back date Bill of Lading: Bill of lading is dated Vận đơn kí lùi ngày
Open-top container: An open-top container does not have a roof, or has a roof that you can fold back
Cut-off time: The deadline for the exporter to complete the clearance of goods, liquidate the container to port loading and unloading goods on board
Bonded warehouse: a place where goods are kept before tax is paid on them
The National Single Window allows customs declarants to submit electronic information and vouchers for customs procedures and other government agency requirements related to import and export goods This system integrates all necessary processes through a unified platform, streamlining trade operations and enhancing efficiency The national single window (hệ thống một cửa quốc gia) facilitates smoother customs clearance by providing a centralized electronic gateway for traders and authorities.
Full truck load (FTL) refers to the transportation of regular goods where the shipper books the entire shipment themselves, ensuring a dedicated freight service The estimated time of arrival (ETA) indicates the scheduled date and time when the ship is expected to arrive, providing reliable planning for delivery Utilizing FTL services helps optimize efficiency and minimizes delays for standard cargo shipments.
An unclean bill of lading indicates that the bill of lading is not accurate or complete, which can impact the shipment process A clean bill of lading, on the other hand, signifies that the document is correct and free of discrepancies, ensuring smooth cargo transfer Additionally, an agency agreement is a contractual arrangement where one party (the agent) is authorized by another party to act on their behalf in shipping and logistics transactions Proper understanding of these documents and agreements is essential for efficient international trade operations.
An agent is authorized to perform one or more transactions on behalf of the principal, acting in their best interest They facilitate the transfer of a mutually agreed sum of money, ensuring proper payment terms and timing are adhered to This arrangement enables efficient and trustworthy execution of financial dealings between the principal and the other party.
Dangerous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that pose risks to people, living organisms, property, or the environment These substances require careful handling and special safety measures to prevent accidents and harm General cargo refers to goods that must be loaded individually, not in intermodal containers or bulk forms like oil or grain Proper management of general cargo ensures safe transportation and handling across supply chains.
Indicative seal: Highly effective way to secure shipment, equipment, etc
Free dispatch: If loading/discharging achieved sooner than agreed, there will be no freight money returned
Miễn thưởng bốc/dỡ nhanh Gearless ship: A carrier that needs assistant from equipment installed at port
Tàu không có trang bị bốc/dỡ hàng
Autonomous port: A state-owned enterprise Một loại cảng được quản lý bởi chính quyền sở tại
Protest for Non-payment: Appeal does not pay Kháng nghị không trả tiền The balance payment: the amount left after ordering
Số tiền còn lại sau cọc
International ship and port securiry charges:
Additional security charge for ships and international ports
Phụ phí an nình cho tàu và cảng quốc tế
Change of Destination: Additional fee to change destination
Phụ phí thay đổi nơi đến
Cash against documents: Cash exchanges documents
Tiền mặt đổi lấy chứng từ
On a pleasant weather working day, activities proceeded smoothly, creating an ideal environment for productivity The ship was loaded in apparent good order, appearing well-maintained and in excellent condition These favorable conditions contributed to efficient operations and successful shipment processes.
Hàng đã bốc lên tàu nhìn bề ngoài ở trong điều kiện tốt
Peak Season Surcharge: Additional revenue peak season
Phụ phí mùa cao điểm
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase, typically consisting of a letter or group of letters taken from the original term In specialized fields, abbreviations are often classified into common types such as acronyms Using acronyms allows translators to shorten terms, reducing redundancy while ensuring that readers can still understand the full meaning Proper use of abbreviations and acronyms enhances clarity and efficiency in communication.
DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid Giao hàng chưa nộp thuế
THC Terminal handling charge phí làm hàng tại cảng
VAT value added tax thuế giá trị gia tăng
GST goods and service tax thuế giá trị gia tăng (bên nước ngoài)
WCO World Customs Hội đồng hải quan thế
Hệ thống thuế quan ưu đãi phổ cập GSTP Global system of Trade preferences hệ thống ưu đãi thuế quan toàn cầu
NVOCC Non vessel operating common carrier nhà cung cấp dịch vụ vận tải không tàu CFS Container freight station kho khai thác hàng lẻ
CFR Cost and Freight Tiền hàng và cước phí
Tiền hàng,bảo hiểm và cước phí
CPT Carriage Paid To Cước phí trả tới
Cước phí, bảo hiểm trả tới DAT Delivered At Terminal Giao hàng tại bến DDP Delivered duty paid Giao hàng đã thông quan Nhập khẩu
Hiệp hội Vận tải Hàng Không Quốc tế
DC dried container container hàng khô
Phụ phí biến động giá nhiên liệu
Phụ phí biến động tỷ giá ngoại tệ
Surcharge phụ phí xăng dầu (cho tuyến Châu Á) GRI General Rate Increase phụ phí cước vận chuyển (xảy ra vào mùa cao điểm)
Surcharge phụ phí tắc nghẽn cảng SCS Suez Canal Surcharge Phụ phí qua kênh đào
COD Change of Destination Phụ phí thay đổi nơi đến WRS War Risk Surcharge Phụ phí chiến tranh
FSC Fuel Surcharges phụ phí nguyên liệu
SSC Security Surcharges phụ phí an ninh (hàng air) CAD Cash against documents tiền mặt đổi lấy chứng từ
D/P Documents against payment nhờ thu trả ngay
D/A Documents agains acceptance nhờ thu trả chậm
UCP (Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit) establishes internationally recognized rules and best practices for the operation of documentary credits, ensuring smooth and secure international trade transactions ISPB (International Standard Banking Practice) provides globally accepted guidelines for the examination of documents under documentary credits, promoting consistency and reliability in bank procedures Together, these standards facilitate efficient trade financing by clarifying the roles and responsibilities of banks and traders worldwide.
RFQ request for quotation yêu cầu hỏi giá/đơn hỏi hàng
NCND Non-circumvention, non-disclosure thỏa thuận không gian lận, không tiết lộ thông tin MOQ Minimum order quantity số lượng đặt hàng tối thiểu
QA Quality assurance bộ phận quản lý chất lượng
QC Quality Control bộ phận quản lý chất lượng
MSDS Material safety data sheet bản khai báo an toàn hóa chất ROROC Report on receipt of biên bản kết toán nhận
SOF Statement of fact biên bản làm hàng
CSC Certificate of shortlanded cargo
Giấy chứng nhận hàng thiếu
COR Cargo Outturn Report Biên bản hàng đổ vỡ hư hỏng
It should be noted that the set of terms on Logistics in this Graduation Paper are collected on Internet and some dictionaries.
Popular strategies and procedures applied in the translation of some common
3.1 Procedures applied in the Equivalence Translation
This is a strategy which links meaning of the words used in the terms without any changes which is often known as word-for-word translation as following example:
Export license giấy phép xuất khẩu
In the above example, we see that the terms “Export license” is translated as
A "giấy phép xuất khẩu" is a crucial document required for exporting goods, signifying official permission from authorities to carry out export activities When translating this term into English, it is important to preserve the key elements—specifically "Export"—to maintain clarity and accuracy Properly understanding and utilizing the term "Export license" ensures compliance with export regulations and facilitates smooth international trade operations Ensuring this document is obtained is essential for legal and efficient export processes across various industries.
In Vietnamese, the translation of "license" is "giấy phép," highlighting its meaning as an official permit The term "Export" translates to "xuất khẩu," emphasizing the act of shipping goods abroad When translating from English to Vietnamese, these terms retain their original meanings, with "license" representing authorization and "export" denoting the act of selling goods internationally This connection demonstrates how the Vietnamese language links the concepts of licensing and exporting, preserving their significance within each context.
The following table is an illustration for using this strategy:
ENGLISH VIETNAMESE import license giấy phép nhập khẩu
Flight No số chuyến bay
Delivery order lệnh giao hàng
This translation strategy involves making grammatical adjustments when converting from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), and it is widely used in translating compound terminologies It comprises two main types, with the first being “automatic translation,” primarily applied to compound terms expressed as simple, unmarked nominal groups For example, this method efficiently renders straightforward compound terminologies, ensuring accurate and natural translations.
From the above the illustration, the readers can be easy to realize that the English terminologies is a compound which is created by one “noun”-
The term "registration" functions as a noun, typically represented by the word "form." However, during translation, grammatical structures may change automatically, causing the Vietnamese equivalent of "sự đăng ký" (registration) to be replaced by the verb "đăng ký." Despite this grammatical shift, the lexical and semantic meanings remain consistent between the source language and the target language, ensuring clear communication and preserving the original intent.
The second type of transposition involves grammatical modifications, often incorporating words like "to add" or "plus" to compare with the source language (SL) This method is particularly useful when translating complex terminologies that lack direct Vietnamese equivalents, as these terms are typically expressed through clauses in Vietnamese This approach facilitates accurate translation of compound terminologies by adapting grammatical structures to convey the original meaning effectively.
Bonded warehouse Kho ngoại quan
A bonded warehouse is a compound term consisting of the adjective "bonded" and the noun "warehouse." When translating into Vietnamese, "bonded" is conveyed as the verb "ngoại quan." To ensure clarity, translators often find an appropriate lexical equivalent for the entire compound, resulting in the translation "Kho ngoại quan," which clearly describes a customs-controlled storage facility.
This is a strategy which is mainly used in translation of terminologies The following table is a list of terminologies belonging this strategy
3.2 Popular strategies and procedures applied in Non-equivalence
To address non-equivalence in translation, various strategies have been developed and implemented, including translation by illustration, cultural substitution, using more neutral and less expressive words, and omission (also known as reduction translation) These methods are particularly effective and commonly applied within the logistics sector to ensure accurate and culturally appropriate communication.
3.2.1 Translation by paraphrasing unrelated words
When a specific concept from the source language is not directly lexicalized in the target language, using a paraphrase can be an effective translation strategy in certain contexts Instead of a direct equivalent, the paraphrase might involve modifying a subordinate clause or expanding on the original meaning, especially when the source item is semantically complex This approach helps ensure clarity and accuracy in conveying the original message.
Dangerous goods Hàng hoá nguy hiểm
General cargo Hàng bách hóa
Trucking phí vận tải nội địa
In general, "Trucking" is translated as "sự vận chuyển bằng xe tải, ô tô," referring to transportation via trucks or automobiles However, within the logistics industry, the term "Trucking" specifically denotes "phí vận tải nội địa," or domestic freight charges This distinction highlights how "Trucking" can vary in meaning depending on the context, particularly in professional logistics terminology Understanding this nuanced usage is essential for accurate communication and SEO optimization in logistics-related content.
In the logistics sector, translating the term "Trucking" into Vietnamese as "phí vận tải nội địa" represents a significant change from the original English meaning Although "Trucking" typically refers to freight transportation by truck, its translation varies depending on the context, underscoring the importance of understanding specific industry terminology Accurate translation ensures clear communication within the logistics industry, especially when terms carry different connotations in professional settings compared to everyday language.
This article outlines a translation strategy for logistics terminologies between English and Vietnamese Key terms within the logistics industry are translated using this method to ensure clarity and consistency The list includes important logistics terminologies that have been adapted through this approach, facilitating better understanding and communication across language barriers Implementing this translation strategy enhances accuracy in logistics operations and supports effective international collaboration.
3.2.2 Translation by paraphrasing related words
This strategy involves lexicalizing a concept in the source language using a different form, which is particularly useful in translation It allows for the adaptation of English terminology or concepts into Vietnamese effectively By employing this approach, translators can convey equivalent meanings while accommodating language-specific nuances, ensuring accurate and culturally appropriate translations.
Non-negotiable không chuyển nhượng được
In logistics terminology, the prefix "non" exemplifies how affixes can modify word meanings to enhance communication Adding prefixes or suffixes to logistics terms creates nuanced variations that can better convey specific concepts For instance, the use of suffixes in logistics terminology can significantly alter the meaning of key terms, enabling clearer and more precise industry communication Understanding how affixes function within logistics language is essential for accurate interpretation and effective sector-specific discussions.
Volume số lượng hàng book
Translating words with 27 different meanings often involves conveying propositional and other nuanced types of meaning, as direct equivalence in the target language (TL) is rarely possible Therefore, translators should focus on understanding the meaning of affixes, such as prefixes and suffixes, which carry significant semantic weight For example, prefixes like "il-", "non-", "un-", and suffixes such as "-er", "-or", "-ee" often share similar meanings and can alter the nuance of a word without direct one-to-one translation Recognizing these affixes is essential for accurate and meaningful translation, ensuring the original intent and context are preserved.
Non-circumvention Thỏa thuận không gian lận
Customer Service Nhân viên hỗ trợ, dịch vụ khách hàng
Paraphrase translation, which involves using related words, effectively captures the meaning conveyed in the source language (SL) This method enhances understanding by leveraging the contribution of each word’s definition Additionally, terminology can be diversified through the use of suffixes, allowing for varied and nuanced translations.
Addition is the translation in which additional information is supplied in the TL with the purpose of helping readers to understand and hold its meaning exactly
Documentation staff Nhân viên chứng từ
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
Main finding
Translation is a complex process that requires researchers to study diligently and continuously expand their knowledge across various sectors in daily life In particular, translating specialized fields such as logistics poses greater challenges due to its technical and intricate nature Mastering logistics translation demands expertise, precision, and a deep understanding of industry-specific terminology.
By choosing and analyzing the translation methods to deal with non-equivalence and equivalence translation, the translator can use it as their reference and apply for their works
The following are some problems:
When translating abbreviations in this field, using loan words is the most common and effective strategy This approach involves adopting loan terminologies written and read in the Vietnamese style, which facilitates accurate translation by finding suitable equivalents in the target language Additionally, employing loan words enhances reader comprehension and retention of technical terms, making the content more accessible and easier to memorize.
Logistics is a vast and complex field, consisting of extensive content and multiple layers of meaning, which makes translation particularly challenging Translators may struggle to select the most accurate and relevant information to effectively convey the intended message to readers, highlighting the importance of precise and context-aware translation in this diverse industry.
A key challenge in translation is the lack of deep knowledge of one's mother tongue and limited experience in translation practices This gap significantly impacts the accuracy and quality of translations, yet many translators do not prioritize improving their mother tongue proficiency or learning more about translation techniques As a result, translators often find it easier to translate from English to Vietnamese because they struggle to find suitable words in their native language, despite fully understanding the source document Enhancing mother tongue skills and translation experience is essential for more effective and precise translations.
Suggestions for translation of Logistics terms
To solve the difficulties, translator should perform by some following steps:
First, we should spend time improving translator’s shallow knowledge in terms of Logistics We can read Vietnamese books, newspapers, other documents related to Logistics
We spend more time visiting accounting websites to gather relevant information, recognizing the internet as a valuable resource for research While online sources provide essential reference documents, it is important to carefully select and verify the information to ensure accuracy Although the internet plays a crucial role in our work, caution is necessary to avoid unreliable or misleading data.
The third, we should learn from our colleagues and partners They are people who help us in our work Experience will be passed to another
At last, my research paper has been completed
After consulting and collecting from either English or Vietnamese, I have designed the paper into three parts:
Part I is an Introduction: the reason, aims, scope, methods and design of the study are present
Part II is local point with three chapters Chapter I is theoretical background providing the readers general view of translation, and some knowledge about ESP for each student know deeper terms In chapter II, the readers can know a lot of Logistics terms and some techniques applied in translation are effective to translate terms in logistics field To classify the terms, follow to each of technique of translation is caused difficulties to me But this thing really helped me know more about structure of word and techniques of them
Part III is Finding and Discussion, the writer found some difficulties which translator usually mention in the translation process Therefore, the writer gave some effective suggestions to overcome these problems And Part III is Conclusion to summarize the study
This research paper acknowledges certain limitations due to time constraints and the author's limited expertise in the field Despite these challenges, the study aims to provide valuable insights and contributes to ongoing discussions Readers are encouraged to consider these weaknesses with a thoughtful and open-minded perspective Future research can build upon these findings to enhance understanding and accuracy in this area.
I sincerely thank my supervisor, Ms Vu Thi Thu Trang, and all my teachers in the Foreign Language Department for their invaluable guidance and insightful comments, which greatly contributed to the success of my work.
1 Baker, M (1992), A Course book on translation (London Routledge)
2 Bell, R T (1991), Translation and translating: Theory and Practice
(Applied Linguistic and Language Study), London: Longman Group Ltd
3 Catford J C (1965), a Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press
4 Dudley-Evans, Tony (1998) Developments in English for Specific Purposes:
A multi-disciplinary approach Cambridge University Press
5 Koller, W (1979) Equivalence in Translation Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd
6 Newmark, Peter (1982), Approaches to Translation New York Prentice Hall
7 Newmark, Peter (1998), A text book of Translation, Pergamon Press
8 Nida, E A (1982) The theory and practice of translation Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
9 Strevens, P (1988) ESP after twenty years: A re-appraisal In M Tikoo (Ed),
ESP: State of art (1-13) SEAMEO Regional Language Centre
10 Levy, J (1967) Translation as a decision process, The Hague
11 Wilss, W (1982) the science of translation: Problems and methods, G Narr
12 Hatim, B and Mason, I (1997), the Translator as Communicator, London and New York: Routledge
13 Dung Vu (2004), Translating culture: problems, strategies and practical realities
14 Vinay, J.P and J Darbelnet (1995) Comparative Stylistics of French and
15 Dudley-Evans, Tony (1997) Developments in English for Specific Purposes:
A multi-disciplinary approach Cambridge University Press
16 Carver, D (1983) Some propositions about ESP The ESP Journal, 2, 131-
17 Mackay, R., & Mountford, A (Eds.) (1978) English for Specific Purposes:
A case study approach London: Longman
18 (Hutchinson & Waters, 1987), English for specific perposes: A Learning- Centred Approach Cambrige: Cambrige University Press
19 Do Huu Chau (1998) Cơ sở ngữ nghĩa từ vựng học, NXB Giáo Dục
Vocabulary)
Advance Tiền trả trước thời hạn
Agency agreement Hợp đồng đại lý
Air freight Cước hàng không
Autonomous port Một loại cảng được quản lý bởi chính quyền sở tại
Back date bill of lading Vận đơn kí lùi ngày
Bonded warehouse Kho ngoại quan
The Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) reflects the volatility in fuel prices, impacting shipping costs and logistics planning A Cargo Outturn Report documents the condition of goods upon delivery, including any damages or losses during transit Additionally, the Carriage & Insurance Paid To (CIP) term specifies that the seller is responsible for transportation costs and insurance coverage up to the designated destination, ensuring comprehensive coverage for shipped goods.
Carriage paid to Cước phí trả tới
Cash against documents is a payment method where the buyer pays cash to receive shipping documents, ensuring secure and efficient transactions The Certificate of Shortlanded Cargo confirms shortages or damages in shipped goods, providing essential documentation for claims Change of Destination involves additional fees when modifications are made to the original delivery location, impacting shipping costs and logistics.
Clean bill of lading Vận đơn hoàn hảo
Clean on board Đã bốc hàng lên tàu hoàn hảo
Container freight station Kho khai thác hàng lẻ
Cost and freight Tiền hàng và cước phí
Cost, insurance and freight Tiền hàng,bảo hiểm và cước phí
Currency adjustment factor Phụ phí biến động tỷ giá ngoại tệ
Customer service Nhân viên hỗ trợ, dịch vụ khách hàng
Customs broker Đại lý hải quan
Customs declaration Khai báo hải quan
Cut-off time Giờ cắt máng
Dangerous goods Hàng hoá nguy hiểm
Delivered at terminal Giao hàng tại bến
Delivered duty paid Giao hàng đã thông quan nhập khẩu Delivered duty unpaid Giao hàng chưa nộp thuế
Departure date Ngày khởi hành
Documentations fee Phí làm chứng từ (vận đơn) Documents agains acceptance Nhờ thu trả chậm
Documents against payment Nhờ thu trả ngay
Dried container Container hàng khô
Emergency bunker surcharge Phụ phí xăng dầu (cho tuyến châu á) Estimated time of arrival Thời gian dự kiến tàu đến
Exchange rate Tỷ giá đổi tiền
Export procedures Thủ tục xuất khẩu
Free despatch Miễn thưởng bốc/dỡ nhanh
Freight forwarder Hãng giao nhận vận tải
Fuel surcharges Phụ phí nguyên liệu
Full truck load Hàng thường (shipper tự book tàu) Gearless ship Tàu không có trang bị bốc/dỡ hàng
General cargo Hàng bách hóa
General rate increase Phụ phí cước vận chuyển (xảy ra vào mùa cao điểm) Generalized system prefered Hệ thống thuế quan ưu đãi phổ cập
Global system of trade preferences Hệ thống ưu đãi thuế quan toàn cầu
Goods and service tax Thuế giá trị gia tăng (bên nước ngoài)
Import procedures Thủ tục nhập khẩu
International air transport association Hiệp hội vận tải hàng không quốc tế International ship and port securiry charges
Phụ phí an nình cho tàu và cảng quốc tế International standard banking practice for the examination of documents under documentary credits
International banking standards emphasize the importance of thorough document verification in letters of credit to ensure compliance and reduce risk The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides essential safety information about chemicals, supporting safe handling and compliance with regulations The Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) specifies the smallest quantity a buyer can order, affecting procurement planning The National Single Window system streamlines trade processes by providing a unified platform for customs clearance and trade documentation, facilitating faster and more efficient international transactions.
Non vessel operating common carrier Nhà cung cấp dịch vụ vận tải không tàu Non-circumvention, non-disclosure Thỏa thuận không gian lận, không tiết lộ thông tin
Open-top container Container mở nóc
Peak season surcharge Phụ phí mùa cao điểm
Port congestion surcharge Phụ phí tắc nghẽn cảng
Processing zone Khu chế xuất
Protest for non-payment Kháng nghị không trả tiền
Quality assurance Bộ phận quản lý chất lượng Quality control Bộ phận quản lý chất lượng
This article covers essential aspects of cargo logistics, including the preparation of a receipt report upon receiving goods from a vessel, known as the "Cargo Receipt Settlement Report," ensuring accurate documentation of shipments It also emphasizes the importance of submitting a "Request for Quotation," which involves asking for price quotes or purchase proposals from suppliers to facilitate cost-effective procurement Additionally, the article highlights security surcharges, specifically security fees applied to air cargo shipments, which are additional costs incurred to ensure safety and compliance during transportation.
Shipped in apparent good order Hàng đã bốc lên tàu nhìn bề ngoài ở trong điều kiện tốt
Statement of fact Biên bản làm hàng
Suez canal surcharge Phụ phí qua kênh đào suez
Terminal handling charge Phí làm hàng tại cảng
The balance payment Số tiền còn lại sau cọc The uniform customs and practice for documentary credit
Các quy tắc thực hành thống nhất về tín dụng chứng từ
Transit time Thời gian trung chuyển
Typing errors Lỗi đánh máy
Unclean bill of lading Vận đơn không hoàn hảo
Value added tax Thuế giá trị gia tăng
War risk surcharge Phụ phí chiến tranh
Weather working day Ngày làm việc thời tiết tốt World customs organization Hội đồng hải quan thế giới
1 Logistics means tha tyou manage the procurement and movement of goods and the ……….of inventory
2 It means the ………… of the goods the customer needs at the right time, in the right place, and of the right quatity
3 My definition of logistics is this: it's to plan, organizea, and manage operations that……… Services and goods
4 Logistics - that's the purchasing, maintenance,……….and replacement of material and staff
5 Logistics is the planning and ……… of operations such as awarehousing, inventory, transport, procurement, supply, and
Translation sample)
Freight transport logistics in Europe- the key to sustainable mobility
Europe's transport policy has evolved through liberalisation and harmonisation, shaping a complex system that faces new challenges from globalisation and regional integration The rapid growth of freight transport boosts the economy and employment but also leads to congestion, pollution, noise, accidents, and increased dependence on fossil fuels, risking EU competitiveness and environmental sustainability To address these issues, advanced logistics solutions are essential to optimize transport modes, combining efficiency and environmental benefits by enabling fewer vehicles to carry more freight Modernisation of rail and inland waterways, better integration of air freight, and accelerated development of short sea shipping and deep-sea port connectivity are crucial steps Promoting shifts to greener transport modes, especially for long-distance, urban, and congested routes, will enhance safety, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness across all modes Co-modality—the strategic use of multiple transport modes in combination—ensures sustainable resource utilization, making Europe's transport system more resilient, efficient, and environmentally responsible.
Vận tải hàng hóa ở châu Âu - chìa khóa của di chuyển bền vững
Chính sách vận chuyển của Châu Âu trong những năm qua nổi bật với tính tự do và hài hòa, giúp xây dựng hệ thống giao thông hiện đại ngày nay Tuy nhiên, sự mở rộng của khái niệm về châu Âu và xu hướng toàn cầu hóa đã đặt ra nhiều thách thức mới cho ngành vận tải Sự tăng trưởng nhanh chóng của vận tải hàng hóa và hành khách đòi hỏi các chính sách linh hoạt và hiệu quả để đáp ứng nhu cầu phát triển bền vững của khu vực.