Cisco press building multiservice transport networks jul 2006 ISBN 1587052202

Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: July 13, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 1-58705-220-2 Print ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-220-0 Pages: 576 Table of Contents | Index A comprehensive handbook for understand

By Jim Durkin, John Goodman, Ron Harris,Frank Fernandez-Posse, Michael Rezek, Mike Wallace

Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: July 13, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 1-58705-220-2 Print ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-220-0 Pages: 576

Table of Contents | Index

A comprehensive handbook for understanding, designing, and deploying multiservice network architecture and applications

Design, deploy, operate, and troubleshoot ONS 15454 applications and services Learn SONET/SDH and DWDM fundamentals

Understand Multiservice Provisioning Platform (MSPP) network architectures that support Ethernet, storage area networking, wavelength, and DWDM transport

integration of voice and data Cisco Systems provides an MSPP product, the ONS 15454, for both service provider and enterprise networks Cisco Systems is the market leader in MSPP technology in North America More than 1,000 Cisco customers use the ONS 15454 MSPP in their networks and over 40,000 ONS 15454s have shipped, creating a need for accurate, comprehensive technical information for users to understand and maximize the

By Jim Durkin, John Goodman, Ron Harris,Frank Fernandez-Posse, Michael Rezek, Mike Wallace

Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: July 13, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 1-58705-220-2 Print ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-220-0 Pages: 576

Building Multiservice Transport Networks

Jim Durkin, John Goodman, Ron Harris, Frank Fernandez-Posse,Michael Rezek, Mike Wallace

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Jim Durkin is a Senior Systems Engineer at Cisco Systems and

is a specialist in optical transport technologies Jim has morethan 17 years of experience in the telecommunications industry,involving design and implementation of voice, data, and opticalnetworks He started his career at AT&T Bell Laboratories Jimhas a Bachelor's degree and a Master's degree in electrical

engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology He holdsthe Optical Specialist, CCNA, and CCIP certifications from CiscoSystems

John Goodman is a Senior Systems Engineer with Cisco

Systems, supporting network solutions for service providers Hehas spent 13 years in the planning, design, and implementation

of optical transport networks He has a Bachelor's degree inelectrical engineering from Auburn University, and holds theCisco Optical Specialist and CCNA certifications John lives withhis wife and two daughters in Tennessee

Ron Harris is a Senior Systems Engineer at Cisco Systems and

is a specialist in optical transport technologies As a systemsengineer for the last 6 years, Ron has worked with various

service providers, Regional Bell Operating Companies, and

energy/utilities company in the design and specifications of

optical networks He has amassed more than 18 years of

experience in the telecommunications industry Before joiningCisco in 2000, Ron worked as a technical sales consultant forLucent Technologies where he led a team of sales engineersresponsible for the sale of next-generation optical fiber and

DWDM to transport providers Before joining Lucent, he workedfor several years in various engineering roles at a leading

telecommunications provider in the Southeastern United States.Ron has earned an MBA from the University of Alabama at

Huntsville, and a Bachelor's degree in computer and information

Frank Fernández-Posse has a diverse background in the

telecommunications industry Frank has been engaged in

designing, validating, and implementing networks using varioustechnologies Given his broad background, he dedicated part ofhis career to validating technology/product integration,

including data, ATM, optical, and voice technologies Frank

joined Cisco Systems in 2001 as a Systems Engineer and

currently supports transport networking solutions for serviceproviders; he is a certified Cisco Optical Specialist Before

Institute of Technology In 2001, Michael received his CCNP

Voice Specialization in VoIP VoFR VoATM and has received hisCCDA, CCNA, CCDP, and CCNP certifications in 2000 He

graduated summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Engineeringdegree in electrical engineering from Youngstown State

University He has authored 32 patent disclosures, 10 of whichWestinghouse pursued for patent He sold his first ever CiscoInter Office Ring (IOF) to a major ILEC At Rockwell AutomationEngineering, Michael designed, built, and tested hardware andsoftware for a 15-axis robot for the fiber industry As an

engineer, he was commissioned to develop the intellectual

property for a complex and proprietary fiber-winding technologywhich he then designed and tested

Mike Wallace, a native of South Carolina, began his career in

telecommunications with one of the largest independent

telephone companies in South Carolina in January 1970 Duringhis 21-year career there, he served in many technical positions;

outside plant engineers to understand fiber-optic cable

characteristics and specifications that would be the foundationfor optical transmitters, receivers, and repeaters to come

together to form optical transmission networks

In 1991, Mike moved on from the telephone company to pursueother opportunities He had a 14-month assignment with theUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte to engineer an opticalnetwork for the campus, and a 3-year assignment with ICG,Inc., a major CLEC with an optical network in the Charlotte,North Carolina market, where he provided technical support forthe local sales teams Mike had a 7-year assignment with

Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc., a major manufacturer ofoptical transmission systems, where he served as a Sales

Engineer for the Southeast territory Mike has served as

president of the local chapter of the Independent TelephonePioneers Association, which is a civic organization that supportsmultiple charities in the Palmetto State

About the Technical Reviewers

Rob Gonzalez, P.E., Cisco Optical Specialist, is a Member of

Technical Staff for BellSouth's Technology Planning and

Deployment, Transmission and Access lab He is responsible fortesting and evaluating Cisco optical products for use in the

BellSouth network Rob also is the Subject Matter Expert forLayer 1 and Layer 2 transport of data services using Packet-over-SONET Rob has been with BellSouth for more than 11years in different capacities, and has worked on the technicalstaff for almost 5 years

Gabriel Gutierrez, CCNA, CCIP, COS-Optical, has worked in

the telecommunications industry for over 10 years He received

as a System Engineer selling and supporting optical and datanetworking solutions

Jim Durkin: I would like to thank Joe Garcia for his initial idea

of writing this book and for his support and recognition duringthis time-consuming project I also would like to thank JohnKane and Dan Young for their outstanding support Most of all, Iwant to thank my beautiful wife and children for their supportand patience during the writing of this book This book is

dedicated to John Richards, my uncle, who has been a fatherfigure and mentor to me in my life

John Goodman: This book is dedicated to my wife, Teresa, and

to Joe Garcia, who was instrumental in my participation in thisproject

editorial spirit of excellence while preparing this book for

publication Most important, I owe a tremendous amount ofgratitude to my wife and daughters for their support and

patience during the compilation of this book

Frank Fernández-Posse: I would like to thank my wife, Ana,

for her patience and ongoing support, and my baby son, Alec,for putting a big smile on my face every day I love you! I amalso grateful for being part of a great team in which support isreadily available from every member Special thanks to Jim

Durkin for kicking off and managing this effort

Michael Rezek: I would like to acknowledge my wife for the

sacrifices she has made to provide me with the time to writethis book

their patience and assistance in completing this project I wouldespecially like to acknowledge Jim Durkin for his vision to seethe need for this project and for giving me the opportunity toparticipate I'd like to thank all the technical reviewers for theirdiligence, comments, and dedication to make this book a value

to those individuals interested in its subject matter I'd like todedicate this book to my wonderful wife, Rosanne, for her

support and understanding, and also to all of the people (toomany to mention) who have been a part of my

telecommunications career and education It has been a greatride!

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Command Syntax Conventions

The conventions used to present command syntax in this bookare the same conventoins used in the IOS Command Reference

follows:

Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are

entered literally as shown In actual configuration examplesand output (not general command syntax), boldface

Square brackets [ ] indicate optional elements

Braces { } indicate a required choice

Braces within brackets [{ }] indicate a required choice

within an optional element

This book is a rare assemblage, in that it combines the bestminds across a number of topics in one central repository

Books that are authored by one or two authors limit the depthand breadth of expertise to only that particular author(s) Thisbook draws on the breadth and depth of each author as it

pertains to each topic discussed, enhancing the book's overallvalue The authors of this book are Cisco Systems Optical

Engineers who have more than 75 years of combined opticalnetworking expertise

The authors of this book have seen a need to prepare thoseaspiring to grow their capabilities in multiservice transport

networking The result is this book, Building Multiservice

Transport Networks This book provides the reader with

information to thoroughly understand and learn the many facets

of MSPP and DWDM network architectures and applications withthis comprehensive handbook This includes topics such as

designing, configuring, and monitoring multiservice transportnetworks A multiservice transport network consists of MSPPsand MSTPs Cisco's ONS 15454 is an example of a MultiserviceProvisioning Platform (MSPP) and a Multiservice Transport

Platform (MSTP)

It is important to understand that the Cisco ONS 15454 can beconsidered as two different products under one product family.The ONS 15454 MSPP is one product, and the other is the ONS

15454 MSTP MSTP describes the characteristics of the ONS

15454 when used to implement either a fixed-channel OADM or

a ROADM-based DWDM network One of the unique capabilities

of the ONS 15454 is that it remains one chassis, one softwarebase, and one set of common control cards to support both

MSPP applications and MSTP applications

Service providers today understand the need for delivering data

delivered When placed in newer environments, service

providers instinctively leverage past knowledge of network

deployments and tend to force-fit new technology into old

design schemes For example, some service providers havealways used point-to-point circuits to deliver services, so whencustomers required Ethernet services, many immediately usedprivate-line, point-to-point circuits to deliver them Using theONS 15454, this book shows you how to deliver basic private-line Ethernet service and how to deliver Ethernet multipoint andaggregation services using RPR to enable newer and more

efficient service models

This book also discusses how the MSPP and MSTP fit within theoverall network architecture This is important because manyservice providers are trying to converge and consolidate theirnetworks Service providers, such as ILECs, are looking to

deliver more services, more efficiently over their network Thisbook can serve as a handbook that network designers and

planners can reference to help develop their plans for networkmigration

Goals and Methods

An important goal of this book is to help you thoroughly

understand all the facets of a multiservice transport network.Cisco's ONS 15454 is addressed when discussing this because it

is the leading multiservice transport product today This bookprovides the necessary background material to ensure that youunderstand the key aspects of SONET, DWDM, Ethernet, andstorage networking

This book serves as a valuable resource for network

professionals engaged in the design, deployment, operation,and troubleshooting of ONS 15454 applications and services,

providing network diagrams, application examples, and designguidelines, this book is a valuable resource for readers who

want a comprehensive book to assist in an MSPP and MSTP

network deployment

In summary, this book's goals are to

Provide you with an in-depth understanding on multiservicetransport networks

Translate key topics in this book into examples of "why theymatter"

Offer you an end-to-end guide for design, implementation,and maintenance of multiservice transport networks

Help you design, deploy, and troubleshoot ONS 15454 MSPPand MSTP services

Provide real-life examples of how to use an MSPP and anMSTP to extend SAN networks

Understand newer technologies such as RPR and ROADM,and how these can be deployed within an existing ONS

15454 transport architecture

Review SONET and DWDM fundamentals

Who Should Read This Book?

This book's primary audience is equipment technicians, networkengineers, transport engineers, circuit capacity managers, andnetwork infrastructure planners in the telecommunications

industry Those who install, test, provision, troubleshoot, or

How This Book Is Organized

The book provides a comprehensive view of MSPP and MSTPnetworks using the Cisco ONS 15454

Chapters 1 through 15 cover the following topics:

Part I : "Building the Foundation for Understanding MSPP Networks"

Chapter 1 , "Market Drivers for Multiservice

Provisioning Platforms" This chapter builds the case for

deploying a MSPP network This chapter focuses on key

reasons why MSPPs are needed and how MSPPs can reducecapital expenditures for service providers It also discussesanother important benefit for using an MSPP: the ease ofoperations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning(OAMP) of an MSPP

Chapter 3 , "Advanced Technologies over Multiservice Provisioning Platforms" This chapter discusses three

area networking, 2) dense wavelength-division multiplexing,and 3) Ethernet For each technology, this chapter provides

advanced technologies supported by MSPPs: 1) storage-a brief history of the evolution of the service and then itsintegration into the MSPP platform

comparison helps to point out the enormous benefits thatMSPPs provide

Chapter 5 , "Multiservice Provisioning Platform

Network Design" This chapter discusses how to design

MSPP networks It examines the key design components,including protection options, synchronization (timing)

system, including the common control cards, the electricalinterface cards, the optical interface cards, the Ethernet

Part III : "Deploying Ethernet and Storage Services on ONS 15454 MSPP Networks"

Chapter 7 , "ONS 15454 Ethernet Applications and

Provisioning" This chapter discusses Ethernet

architectures and applications supported on the ONS 15454,including Ethernet point-to-point and multipoint ring

different geographical locations This is important today

because of the need to consolidate data center resourcesand create architectures for disaster recovery and high

availability

Part IV : "Building DWDM Networks Using the ONS

15454"

Chapter 9 , "Using the ONS 15454 Platform to Support DWDM Transport: MSTP" This chapter highlights the

basic building blocks of the ONS 15454 MSTP platform Itdescribes the key features and functions associated witheach ONS 15454 MSTP component, including fixed OADMsand ROADM cards, transponder/muxponder interface cards,and amplifier interface cards This chapter provides network

common equipment configurations applicable to today's

networks

Chapter 10 , "Designing ONS 15454 MSTP Networks"

This chapter examines the general design considerations forDWDM networks and relays their importance for ONS 15454Multiservice Transport Platform (MSTP) DWDM system

deployment Design considerations and design rules

examples are included in this chapter This chapter

describes Cisco's MetroPlanner Design Tool, which you canuse to quickly design and assist in turning up an ONS 15454MSTP network

Chapter 11 , "Using the ONS 15454 MSTP to Provide Wavelength Services" This chapter discusses wavelength

services using the ONS 15454 MSTP, and it explores thedifferent categories and characteristics of wavelength

services as they relate to ONS 15454 MSTP features andfunctions You will understand how you can use the ONS

15454 MSTP to provide wavelength services, such as SAN,Ethernet, and SONET, while using different protection

schemes Both fixed-channel optical add/drop and ROADMbased networks are discussed

Part V : "Provisioning and Troubleshooting ONS 15454 Networks"

Chapter 12 , "Provisioning and Operating an ONS

15454 SONET/SDH Network" This chapter describes how

to install, configure, and power up the ONS 15454 It alsodiscusses how to test, maintain, and upgrade software forthe ONS 15454

Chapter 13 , "Troubleshooting ONS 15454 Networks"

troubleshooting ONS 15454 SONET networks This chapterprovides you with a general approach to troubleshooting themost common problems and issues found during turn-up of

an ONS 15454 node, as well as ONS 15454 network-relatedissues

Part VI : "MSPP Network Management"

Chapter 14 , "Monitoring Multiple Services on an

Multiservice Provisioning Platform Network" This

management capabilities of the ONS 15454 This chapteralso includes a discussion of three key areas that are

chapter provides an overview of the fault- and performance-essential in managing MSPP networks: 1) SNMP MIBs, 2)TL1 support, and 3) performance management The end ofthis chapter discusses the key differences in using the localCraft Interface application, called Cisco Transport Controller(CTC), versus an element-management system (EMS)

Chapter 15 , "Large-Scale Network Management" This

scale operational support systems (OSS) After discussingthese functions, the following important question is askedand discussed: "Why use an element-management system(EMS)?" This chapter describes Cisco's EMS, called CiscoTransport Manager (CTM), and discusses how CTM

chapter provides a list of key functions supported by large-provisions Layer 2 Ethernet Multipoint service step by stepover an ONS 15454 ring equipped with ML-Series cards

Part I: Building the Foundation for Understanding MSPP Networks

Chapter 1Platforms Market Drivers for Multiservice Provisioning

Chapter 2 Technology Foundation for MSPP Networks

Chapter 3Platform Advanced Technologies over Multiservice Provisioning

accommodates the aggregation of traditional facilities such asDS1, DS3, STS1, OC-3, STM1, OC-12, STM4, OC-48, and

STM64 MSPPs also support current data services such as 10-Mb Ethernet, 100-Mb Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet (GigE)

Emerging storage-area networking (SAN) services such as FiberConnection (FICON), Fibre Channel (FC), and Enterprise

Systems Connection (ESCON) can also be aggregated via STS-1, STS-3c, STS-6c, STS-9c, STS12-c, STS-24c, or STS-48c

interfaces; these services can be transported over a single

DWDM, OC-192, or OC-192 DWDM line interface The servicecards have multiple ports or connections per card For example,

a lower-density electrical DS1 card can drop out 14 DS1s, andhigher-density cards can drop out up to 56 DS1s This is truefor all other service cards as well

The platform flexibility translates into drastically improved

efficiencies in the transport layer and dramatically increasedsavings in both the initial costs and the life-cycle costs of thedeployment Some of the latest technology in MSPP integratesdense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) into the

exchange carrier (ILEC) and competitive local exchange carrier(CLEC), most independent carriers, and cable companies andlarge enterprise customers that utilize these MSPPs over leasedfiber Figure 1-3 shows a carrier (such as a service provider)deployment of MSPP to deliver services to multiple customers

Figure 1-4 shows a customer's private implementation overleased fiber Figure 1-5 shows a CLEC implementation that usesthe ILEC's network and delivers services to the customers

Figure 1-3 Service Provider Network

Implementation of MSPP

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Implementation of MSPP

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Implementation of MSPP

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The emergence of MSPP in the late 1990s enabled CLECs totake advantage of regulatory changes that essentially forcedincumbents to "unbundle" their networks In other words,

incumbents had to allow competitors to lease their networkinfrastructure CLECs could very quickly and inexpensively

establish a non-asset-based network because the ILEC ownedthe entire network infrastructure, except for the customer

access MSPP shelf of the CLEC CLECs then begin to sell

services off the MSPP rapidly because they were not

encumbered with legacy operating support systems (OSS)

Figure 1-5 shows an example of this non-asset-based network.This also enabled CLECs to add network assets in proportion to

revenue flow and thus grow their own asset-based network.They were able to wean themselves off the ILEC networks tobecome standalone asset-based CLECs.

The mass proliferation of MSPPs is driven by the following threemarket drivers:

speeds of their components (such as the microprocessor),

MSPPs largely have emerged without increasing the optical

data-transport ring speeds

Before MSPPs emerged, optical platforms had already achievedspeeds of OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, and OC-192 MSPPs did not

increase these transport ring speeds, which would have beenanalogous to an increase in speed of the computer processor

So what led to the explosive growth in demand for MSPPs? Theanswer is the assimilation of numerous services within the sameshelf, along with easy management of these services

Legacy optical systems were limited to only a few different

types of service drops, with a limited capacity for mixing theseservice types MSPPs, on the other hand, integrate numerous

is much greater than that of legacy platforms, so they consumemuch less rack space than legacy systems (see Figure 1-6)

Figure 1-6 Example of Service Drops with Much

Higher Densities

Additionally, MSPPs deliver far more of each service type perMSPP shelf This allows for a greater variety and quantity ofeach type of service (ToS)

Consequently, the forces behind the movement toward a newgeneration of Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) equipment

in the metropolitan-area network (MAN) or wide-area network(WAN) include easy integration, substantial savings, and thecapability to add new services Along with these primary drivers

while maintaining its fault-tolerant features and resiliency

The focus of first adopters was to integrate add/drop

multiplexers (ADMs) and digital cross-connect systems (DCSs)with higher port density and more advanced grooming

capabilities than those of the traditional standalone devices.Now the push is toward making SONET more efficient for datadelivery Next-generation data-networking services, such asEthernet, are also integrated within the MSPPs Next-generationdata-networking services are covered later in this chapter

What drove this demand for increased bandwidth in a smallerfootprint? Well, just as more demanding computer applicationssuch as voice and video drove the demand for faster

processors, higher-speed LANs drove the need for speedier

WANs

The proliferation of the Internet created the demand for a

higher-speed LAN to access content Of course, the speed ofaccessing content over a LAN is throttled down to the speed atwhich the WAN can deliver it, as shown in Figure 1-7 With thebackbone and core of the WAN as the optical network, the needfor more high-speed T1s and T3s grew dramatically to keep upwith the demands of the LAN

Figure 1-7 LAN Bottleneck

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services continue to drive the increasing need for bandwidth.Data private lines, ATM, digital subscriber line (DSL),

videoconferencing, streaming video, transparent LAN service(TLS), IP/Multiprotocol Label Switching virtual private networks(IP/MPLS VPNs), and other applications are all increasing in use

In addition, transport over delivery services is as different asDS1, DS3, STS-1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, 10-/100-Mbps

Ethernet, and GigE Ubiquitous Internet and intranet

applications, coupled with the significant rescaling of the

interexchange network that has taken place in recent years,further spurs the demand for data services both in MANs andacross WANs

Caught between the increased long-haul capacity and the

growing access demand from customers, MANs have now

become the bottleneck in the overall network Despite the

growing deployment of optical fiber in cities, MAN expansionhas not kept up with the increased demand for data transportand value-added IP services that continue to drive bandwidthconsumption higher MAN networks not only need to add

effective aggregation of a variety of services at multiple layers,such as TDM packet and wavelength services, to supply the

capacity, but they also need to be flexible enough to offer cost-services needed by customers

Along with the emergence of demand for Internet content andthe transmission of large documents, such as video clips andphotographs, came a cascading effect of demand for larger

WAN connections The surge for increased WAN speeds meantthat offices and businesses were looking at speeds of DS3 andeven OC-3, OC-12, and OC-48 to connect to their service

providers Additionally, business customers who ordered

dedicated rings from their service providers to connect multiple

greater demand for WAN speeds to support these LAN

applications This ripple, or domino, effect of technology is veryoften seen in computing: An enhancement in the computervideo card might enable software writers to write more

sophisticated new applications As the limits of computing

technology are pushed, PC developers must again enhance thecomputer

High-Bandwidth Services

Next-generation MSPP platforms accelerate service-providerreturn on investment (ROI) of services such as Ethernet in

several ways First, the startup cost is low because the serviceprovider can install the platform using only the currently

required capacity Then, as demand increases, such as for anOC-48, the node can be scaled to OC-192 and finally to OC-192DWDM channels In addition, aggregation of all types of

services into each wavelength maximizes bandwidth efficiencyand reduces incremental service costs Efficient DWDM

utilization saves 70 to 80 percent of bandwidth, which increases

as the network scales Fewer wavelengths have to be activated,and, as the network expands, carriers do not have to move

from the C-band into the more costly L-band to add metro colorwavelengths Overall, service providers can realize a significantROI in a brief amount of time (such as a single quarter) instead

of in 1 to 2 years, as they did previously

With a single platform to deploy instead of many platforms,service providers also limit their operating costs A one-cardinterface designed into a multiservice platform saves space sothat a single bay can more often handle all the broadband

multiplexing and demultiplexing that a network node requires

In fact, when thousands of network interfaces are involved, as

in a central office, the savings in vertical rack space from usingmultiservice platforms can be measured in miles Additionalsavings come from an eightfold reduction in power consumptionwith next-generation multiservice systems

With only one type of platform in use, fewer spare interfacecards must be held in inventory In addition, less training is

involved for installation and maintenance A single network OSScan be used to configure and manage all services, thus

minimizing the difficulties involved in administering a network