Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Personalized information retrieval and access : concepts, methods and practices / Rafael Andres Gonzalez Rivera, Nong Chen, and Ajantha
Trang 2Retrieval and Access:
Concepts, Methods, and
Practices
Rafael Andrés González
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Nong Chen
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Ajantha Dahanayake
Georgia College & State University, USA
Hershey • New YorkINFORMATION SCIENCE REFERENCE
Trang 3Copy Editor: Larissa Vinci
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Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Personalized information retrieval and access : concepts, methods and practices / Rafael Andres Gonzalez Rivera, Nong Chen, and Ajantha Dahanayake, editors.
p cm.
Summary: "This book surveys the main concepts, methods, and practices of personalized information retrieval and access in today's data intensive, dynamic, and distributed environment, and provides students, researchers, and practitioners with authoritative coverage of recent technological advances that are shaping the future of globally distributed information retrieval and anywhere, anytime information access" Provided by publisher.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book set is original material The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
Trang 4Preface xii Acknowledgment xx
Section I Concepts Chapter I
Learning Personalized Ontologies from Text: A Review on an Inherently Transdisciplinary Area 1
Trang 5Chapter VI
A Conceptual Structure for Designing Personalized Information Seeking and Retrieval Systems
in Data Intensive Domains 119
Nong Chen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Ajantha Dahanayake, Georgia College & State University, USA
Chapter VII
Privacy Control Requirements for Context-Aware Mobile Services 151
Amr Ali Eldin, Accenture BV, The Netherlands
Zoran Stojanovic, IBM Nederland BV, The Netherlands
Chapter VIII
User and Context-Aware Quality Filters Based on Web Metadata Retrieval 167
Ricardo Barros, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Geraldo Xexéo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Wallace A Pinheiro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Jano de Souza, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Chapter IX
Personalized Content-Based Image Retrieval 194
Iker Gondra, St Francis Xavier University, Canada
Chapter X
Service-Oriented Architectures for Context-Aware Information Retrieval and Access 220
Lu Yan, University College London, UK
Chapter XI
On Personalizing Web Services Using Context 232
Zakaria Maamar, Zayed University, UAE
Soraya Kouadri Mostéefaoui, Fribourg University, Switzerland
Qusay H Mahmoud, Guelph University, Canada
Chapter XII
Role-Based Multi-Agent Systems 254
Haibin Zhu, Nipissing University, Canada
MengChu Zhou, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
Trang 6Narjès Bellamine-Ben Saoud, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia
Mohamed Ben Ahmed, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia
Bernard Pavard, GRIC-IRIT, France
Compilation of References 308 About the Contributors 342 Index 347
Trang 7Preface xii Acknowledgment xx
Section I Concepts Chapter I
Learning Personalized Ontologies from Text: A Review on an Inherently Transdisciplinary Area 1
of the main concepts, existing methods, and practices of the area—to identify new connections with other areas for the future success of establishing principles for this new transdisciplinary area As a result, the chapter is concluded by presenting a number of possible future research directions
Trang 8Chapter III
Exploring Information Management Problems in the Domain of Critical Incidents 55
Rafael Andrés Gonzalez, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
In this chapter, information management problems and some of the computer-based solutions offered
to deal with them are presented The claim is that exploring the information problem as a three-fold sue, composed of heterogeneity, overload, and dynamics, will contribute to an improved understanding
is-of information management problems On the other hand, it presents a set is-of computer-based solutions WKDWDUHDYDLODEOHWRWDFNOHWKHVHSUREOHPV LQIRUPDWLRQGLVFRYHU\DQGUHWULHYDOLQIRUPDWLRQ¿OWHULQJinformation fusion, and information personalization In addition, this chapter argues that a rich and in-teresting domain for exploring information management problems is critical incident management, due
to its complexity, requirements, and the nature of the information it deals with
Chapter IV
Mining for Web Personalization 77
Penelope Markellou, University of Patras, Greece
Maria Rigou, University of Patras, Greece
Spiros Sirmakessis, University of Patras, Greece
The Web has become a huge repository of information and keeps growing exponentially under no ULDOFRQWUROZKLOHWKHKXPDQFDSDELOLW\WR¿QGUHDGDQGXQGHUVWDQGFRQWHQWUHPDLQVFRQVWDQW3URYLGLQJpeople with access to information is not the problem; the problem is that people with varying needs and preferences navigate through large Web structures, missing the goal of their inquiry Web personalization
edito-is one of the most promedito-ising approaches for alleviating thedito-is information overload, providing tailored Web experiences This chapter explores the different faces of personalization, traces back its roots, and fol-lows its progress It describes the modules typically comprising a personalization process, demonstrates its close relation to Web mining, depicts the technical issues that arise, recommends solutions when possible, and discusses the effectiveness of personalization and related concerns Moreover, the chapter LOOXVWUDWHVFXUUHQWWUHQGVLQWKH¿HOGVXJJHVWLQJGLUHFWLRQVWKDWPD\OHDGWRQHZVFLHQWL¿FUHVXOWV
Chapter V
Clustering Web Information Sources 98
Athena Vakali, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
George Pallis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Lefteris Angelis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
The explosive growth of the Web scale has drastically increased information circulation and WLRQUDWHV$VWKHQXPEHURIERWK:HEXVHUVDQG:HEVRXUFHVJURZVVLJQL¿FDQWO\HYHU\GD\FUXFLDOGDWDmanagement issues, such as clustering on the Web, should be addressed and analyzed Clustering has been proposed towards improving both the information availability and the Web users’ personalization
Trang 9dissemina-practices of most popular emerging and challenging clustering research efforts An up-to-date survey
of the existing clustering schemes is given, to be of use for both researchers and practitioners interested
in the area of Web data mining
Section II Methods and Practices
Chapter VI
A Conceptual Structure for Designing Personalized Information Seeking and Retrieval Systems
in Data Intensive Domains 119
Nong Chen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Ajantha Dahanayake, Georgia College & State University, USA
Personalized information seeking and retrieval is regarded as the solution to the problem of tion overload in domains such as crisis response and medical networks Personalization algorithms and WHFKQLTXHVDUHPDWXULQJEXWWKHLUFHQWUDOL]HGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVROXWLRQVDUHEHFRPLQJOHVVHI¿FLHQWIRUdealing with ever-changing user information needs in data-intensive, dynamic, and distributed environ-ments In this chapter, we present a conceptual structure for designing personalized, multidisciplinary information seeking and retrieval systems This conceptual structure is capable of serving as a bridge between information needs coming from an organizational process, and existing implementations of information access services, software, applications, and technical infrastructure; it is also capable of VXI¿FLHQWO\GHVFULELQJDQGLQIHUULQJXVHUV¶SHUVRQDOL]HGLQIRUPDWLRQQHHGV:HEHOLHYHWKDWLWRIIHUVDnew way of thinking about the retrieval of personalized information
informa-Chapter VII
Privacy Control Requirements for Context-Aware Mobile Services 151
Amr Ali Eldin, Accenture BV, The Netherlands
Zoran Stojanovic, IBM Nederland BV, The Netherlands
With the rapid developments of mobile telecommunications technology over the last two decades, a new computing paradigm known as ‘anywhere and anytime’ or ‘ubiquitous’ computing has evolved Conse-quently, attention has been given not only to extending current Web services and mobile service models and architectures, but increasingly also to make these services context-aware Privacy represents one of the hot topics that has questioned the success of these services In this chapter, we discuss the different requirements of privacy control in context-aware service architectures Further, we present the different functionalities needed to facilitate this control The main objective of this control is to help end users make consent decisions regarding their private information collection under conditions of uncertainty The proposed functionalities have been prototyped and integrated in a UMTS location-based mobile services testbed platform on a university campus Users have experienced the services in real time A survey of users’ responses on the privacy functionality has been carried out and analyzed as well Users’
Trang 10Chapter VIII
User and Context-Aware Quality Filters Based on Web Metadata Retrieval 167
Ricardo Barros, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Geraldo Xexéo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Wallace A Pinheiro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Jano de Souza, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
This chapter addresses the issues regarding the large amount and low quality of Web information by SURSRVLQJDPHWKRGRORJ\WKDWDGRSWVXVHUDQGFRQWH[WDZDUHTXDOLW\¿OWHUVEDVHGRQ:HEPHWDGDWDretrieval This starts with an initial evaluation and adjusts it to consider context characteristics and user perspectives to obtain aggregated evaluation values
Chapter IX
Personalized Content-Based Image Retrieval 194
Iker Gondra, St Francis Xavier University, Canada
In content-based image retrieval (CBIR), a set of low-level features are extracted from an image to represent its visual content Retrieval is performed by image example, where a query image is given DVLQSXWE\WKHXVHUDQGDQDSSURSULDWHVLPLODULW\PHDVXUHLVXVHGWR¿QGWKHEHVWPDWFKHVLQWKHFRU-responding feature space This approach suffers from the fact that there is a large discrepancy between the low-level visual features that one can extract from an image and the semantic interpretation of the image’s content that a particular user may have in a given situation That is, users seek semantic similar-ity, but we can only provide similarity based on low-level visual features extracted from the raw pixel data, a situation known as the semantic gap The selection of an appropriate similarity measure is thus
an important problem Since visual content can be represented by different attributes, the combination and importance of each set of features varies according to the user’s semantic intent Thus, the retrieval strategy should be adaptive so that it can accommodate the preferences of different users
Chapter X
Service-Oriented Architectures for Context-Aware Information Retrieval and Access 220
Lu Yan, University College London, UK
Humans are quite successful at conveying ideas to each other and retrieving information from tions appropriately This is due to many factors: the richness of the language they share, the common understanding of how the world works, and an implicit understanding of everyday situations When humans talk with humans, they are able to use implicit situational information (i.e., context) to enhance the information exchange process Context plays a vital part in adaptive and personalized information retrieval and access Unfortunately, computer communications lacks this ability to provide auxiliary context in addition to the substantial content of information As computers are becoming more and more ubiquitous and mobile, there is a need and possibility to provide information “personalized, any time,
Trang 11interac-according to the current situation with minimal human intervention Although context-aware tion retrieval systems have been researched for a decade, the rise of mobile and ubiquitous computing put new challenges to issue, and therefore we are motivated to come up with new solutions to achieve non-intrusive, personalized information access on the mobile service platforms and heterogeneous wire-less environments.
informa-Chapter XI
On Personalizing Web Services Using Context 232
Zakaria Maamar, Zayed University, UAE
Soraya Kouadri Mostéefaoui, Fribourg University, Switzerland
Qusay H Mahmoud, Guelph University, Canada
This chapter presents a context-based approach for Web services personalization so that user preferences are accommodated Preferences are of different types varying from when the execution of a Web service should start to where the outcome of this execution should be delivered according to user location Be-sides user preferences, this chapter will discuss that the computing resources on which the Web services operate have an impact on their personalization Indeed resources schedule the execution requests that originate from multiple Web services To track the personalization of a Web service from a temporal perspective (i.e., what did happen, what is happening, and what will happen), three types of contexts are devised and referred to as user context, Web service context, and resource context
Chapter XII
Role-Based Multi-Agent Systems 254
Haibin Zhu, Nipissing University, Canada
MengChu Zhou, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
In this chapter, the authors introduce roles as a means to support interaction and collaboration among DJHQWVLQPXOWLDJHQWV\VWHPV7KH\UHYLHZWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIUROHVLQFXUUHQWDJHQWV\VWHPVDW¿UVWWKHQdescribe the fundamental principles of role-based collaboration and propose the basic methodologies of how to apply roles into agent systems (i.e., the revised E-CARGO model) After that, they demonstrate DFDVHVWXG\ DVRFFHUURERWWHDPGHVLJQHGZLWKUROHVSHFL¿FDWLRQV)LQDOO\WKHDXWKRUVSUHVHQWWKHSR-tentiality to apply roles into information personalization
Chapter XIII
7RZDUGVD&RQWH[W'H¿QLWLRQIRU0XOWL$JHQW6\VWHPV 286
Tarek Ben Mena, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia & GRIC-IRIT, France
Narjès Bellamine-Ben Saoud, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia
Mohamed Ben Ahmed, RIADI-ENSI, Tunisia
Bernard Pavard, GRIC-IRIT, France
7KLVFKDSWHUDLPVWRGH¿QHFRQWH[WQRWLRQIRUPXOWLDJHQWV\VWHPV 0$6 6WDUWLQJIURPWKHVWDWHRIthe art on context in different disciplines, the authors present context as a generic and abstract notion
Trang 12text model for agents in MAS which consist of information on environment, other objects, agents, and relations between them Therefore, they underline a new way of representing agent knowledge, building context on this knowledge, and using it Furthermore, the authors prove the applicability of contextual DJHQWVROXWLRQIRURWKHUUHVHDUFK¿HOGVSDUWLFXODUO\LQSHUVRQDOL]HGLQIRUPDWLRQUHWULHYDOE\WDNLQJLQWRaccount as agents: crawlers and as objects: documents.
Compilation of References 308 About the Contributors 342 Index 347
Trang 13The existence of large volumes of globally distributed information and the availability of various computing devices, many of which are mobile, present the possibility of anywhere-anytime access to information This enables individuals and organizations to coordinate and improve their knowledge over various autonomous locations However, the amount and nature of information can result in overload problems, in heterogeneity of formats and sources, in rapidly changing content, and in uncertain user LQIRUPDWLRQQHHGV,QGLYLGXDOVDQGRUJDQL]DWLRQVPD\WKXVEHIDFHGZLWKLQFUHDVLQJGLI¿FXOW\LQ¿QGLQJthe “right information” in the “right format” at the “right time.”
In an already classic paper, Imielinski and Badrinath (1994) presented the trends and challenges rounding mobile computing, which they said held the promise of access to information “anywhere and
sur-at any time.” The idea was thsur-at mobile or nomadic computing was possible thanks to mobile computers having access to wireless connections to information networks, resulting in more collaborative forms of computing What Imielinski and Badrinath presented as challenges continue to be critical issues in the development of mobile applications and information services today They pointed at heterogeneity as a UHVXOWRIWKHPDVVLYHVFDOHRIPRELOHHQYLURQPHQWVWKH\PHQWLRQHGWKHQHHGIRUG\QDPLFUHFRQ¿JXUDWLRQ
of services in response to client mobility, and they reminded us of the privacy and security implications
of mobility Consequently, they argued that mobility would have far-reaching consequences for systems GHVLJQDQGLQGHHGWKH\ZHUHULJKW7KLVERRN¿QGVPRWLYDWLRQRQWKRVHLVVXHVIRFXVLQJRQWKHVXEMHFW
of information retrieval and accesspersonalization in particular
Chapters IV, VII, and X of this book explicitly address mobility challenges and propose ways to deal with them Mobility is currently tied, from a telecommunications perspective, with next-genera-tion wireless technologies that promise ubiquitous networking and mobile computing on a large scale, providing high-bandwidth data services and wireless Internet (Pierre, 2001) This can be grouped under the term “mobile next-generation networks (NGNs)” (Huber, 2004), which refers to the convergence of the Internet and intranets with mobile networks and with media and broadcasting technologies (Universal 0RELOH7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ6\VWHPRU8076DPRQJWKHP 0RELOLW\FDQEHGH¿QHGDVWKHDELOLW\WRaccess services, normally accessible in a wired manner, from anywhere (Pierre, 2001) Mobile computing uses such mobility to allow users of portable devices to access information services through a shared LQIUDVWUXFWXUHUHJDUGOHVVRIORFDWLRQRUPRYHPHQW 3LHUUH 0RELOLW\FDQEHIXUWKHUVSHFL¿HGLQWRthe following types:
• Terminal mobility: The ability to locate and identify mobile terminals as they move, to allow
them access to telecommunication services (Pierre, 2001)
Trang 14• Personal mobility: Centers around users carrying a personal unique subscription identity and the
V\VWHP¶VFDSDELOLW\WRSURYLGHVHUYLFHVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHXVHUSUR¿OH (O.KDWLE=KDQJ+DGLEL Bochman, 2004; Pierre, 2001)
• Service mobility: The capacity of a network to provide subscribed services at the terminal or
lo-cation determined by users (Pierre, 2001); this allows the possibility of suspending a service and resuming it on another device (El-Khatib et al., 2004)
Ubiquitous computing, for some the next wave after the “Internet wave,” uses the advances in bile computing and integrates them with pervasive computing, which refers to the acquiring of context IURPWKHHQYLURQPHQWWRG\QDPLFDOO\DQGDFFRUGLQJO\EXLOGFRPSXWLQJPRGHOV 6LQJK3UDGNDU /HH
mo- 7KHUHVXOWLVDJOREDOFRPSXWLQJHQYLURQPHQWWKDWLVGH¿QHGDVXELTXLWRXVFRPSXWLQJ7KLVQRYHOcomputing paradigm has the goal of embedding small and highly specialized devices within day-to-day HQYLURQPHQWVVRWKDWWKH\RSHUDWHVHDPOHVVO\DQGEHFRPHWUDQVSDUHQW LQYLVLEOH WRRIÀLQHRURQOLQHusers (Singh et al., 2006; Huber, 2004) Ubiquitous computing integrates several technologies, which include embedded systems, service discovery, wireless networking, and personal computing (El-Khatib
et al., 2004)
Research in ubiquitous computing has shown three main focuses: (1) how to provide users with SHUVRQDOL]HGLQIRUPDWLRQRUVHUYLFHVEDVHGRQXVHUV¶SUR¿OHV KRZWRSURYLGHVHUYLFHVRUGHYLFHVwith context-awareness ability to adapt the service behaviors or device behaviors according to various situations, or (3) a combination of the above Therefore, personalization and context-awareness are of special importance for the development of ubiquitous computing
HQFH +\OGHJDDUG 6HLGHQ 3HUVRQDOL]DWLRQLQWKHFRQWH[WRIXELTXLWRXVFRPSXWLQJLVJHQHUDOO\meant to denote the ability to customize the user interface, the information content, the information channels, and the services provided according to the individual user’s needs, personal interests, and SUHIHUHQFHV +\OGHJDDUG 6HLGHQ $GGLQJSHUVRQDOL]HGIXQFWLRQVLQWR,QWHUQHWHQDEOHGLQIRU-mation retrieval and access applicationsfor example, search engines or e-servicesis becoming one
3HUVRQDOL]DWLRQUHÀHFWVDGHVLJQSKLORVRSK\WKDWIRFXVHVRQWKHGHOLYHU\RIDFRQWH[WXDOXVHUH[SHUL-of the competitive advantages used to attract users to survive in the current competitive business world There are several personalization strategies, such as interface personalization, link personalization, content personalization, and context personalization Personalization models, methods, and techniques built based on solid mathematic foundations and advanced programming languages are studied in the
¿HOGZLWKWKHDLPRISURYLGLQJIHDVLEOHVROXWLRQVWRVROYHWKHSUREOHPRILQDSSURSULDWHLQIRUPDWLRQoverload at the technological level, ranging from simple user-controlled information personalization to autonomous system-controlled adaptation
Context-awareness is the second important issue of mobile and ubiquitous computing, because this type of computing requires sharing knowledge between individual environments and providing ser-vices that take the environmental characteristics and constraints into account A human user is typically associated with many environments and consequently adopts different roles in each one; the system VKRXOGWKHQWUDQVSDUHQWO\UHFRJQL]HWKLVUROH 6LQJKHWDO 7KHFRQWH[WLWVHOIFDQEHGH¿QHGDV
a piece of information that can be used to characterize the situation of a participant, so by sensing this context, applications can present contextual information to users or modify their behavior according to the environmental changes (Singh et al., 2006) A true ubiquitous system should provide the best pos-sible service(s) based on the user role and its associated privileges, restrictions, location, and time This UHTXLUHVDFRPSOHWHGHVFULSWLRQRISUR¿OHVDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQRIWKHUHVXOWLQJVHUYLFH3UR¿OHVFDQEH
of the following types (El-Khatib et al., 2004):
Trang 15• 8VHUSUR¿OH Personal properties and preferences.
• &RQWHQWSUR¿OH Metadata about the content, including storage features, available variants, author
and production, and usage (metadata is a topic addressed by Chapter VIII)
• &RQWH[WSUR¿OH Dynamic information that is part of the context or status of the user, including
physical, social, and organizational information
• 'HYLFHSUR¿OH Hardware and software characteristics of a computing device.
• 1HWZRUNSUR¿OH Resources and capabilities of the communication network.
• ,QWHUPHGLDULHVSUR¿OH Description of all adaptation services that intermediaries can provide.
Context-awareness and personalization are topics treated in Chapters I, III, IV, V, VI, VII, X, XI, and
RUDWLYH¿OWHULQJDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQWUHDWHGLQ&KDSWHUV,,DQG,,,&ROODERUDWLYHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQLV
;,,,RIWKLVERRN$PRQJWKHVSHFL¿FDSSOLFDWLRQVRIFRQWH[WDZDUHQHVVDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQLVFROODE-a person;,,,RIWKLVERRN$PRQJWKHVSHFL¿FDSSOLFDWLRQVRIFRQWH[WDZDUHQHVVDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQLVFROODE-aliz;,,,RIWKLVERRN$PRQJWKHVSHFL¿FDSSOLFDWLRQVRIFRQWH[WDZDUHQHVVDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQLVFROODE-ation technique th;,,,RIWKLVERRN$PRQJWKHVSHFL¿FDSSOLFDWLRQVRIFRQWH[WDZDUHQHVVDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQLVFROODE-at keeps tr;,,,RIWKLVERRN$PRQJWKHVSHFL¿FDSSOLFDWLRQVRIFRQWH[WDZDUHQHVVDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQLVFROODE-ack of user preferences ;,,,RIWKLVERRN$PRQJWKHVSHFL¿FDSSOLFDWLRQVRIFRQWH[WDZDUHQHVVDQGSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQLVFROODE-and uses them to offer new suggestions LQHFRPPHUFHRULQIRUPDWLRQDFFHVVVFHQDULRV 2¶0DKRQH\+XUOH\.XVKPHULFN 6LOYHVWUH ...
This book presents concepts, approaches, architectures, and models that contribute to dealing with the challenges of mobility and ubiquity Personalized information retrieval and access is regarded... new paradigm of information access, exchange, and service provision and access, indi-viduals and organizations will be able to harness the full potential of existing and emergent information technology,... “Learning Personalized Ontologies from Text: A Review on an Inherently Transdisciplinary Area,” presents the issue of information overload and personalized information retrieval and access VSHFL¿FDOO\IRUWKH:HE DVDFRXQWHUPHDVXUH,WYLHZVSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQDVDSSURSULDWHO\FRXSOHGWRthe