Apress beginning DB2 from novice to professional aug 2008 ISBN 159059942x pdf

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Grant Allen

Beginning DB2 From Novice to Professional

Everything you need to get up and running with DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows

Beginning DB2: From Novice to Professional

Dear Reader,

Beginning DB2 is designed to get you up and running with DB2 quickly and

easily DB2 is IBM’s powerful, market-leading, relational database management system DB2 is available for Linux, UNIX, and Windows, and even for various mainframe environments It is available in editions appropriate for use in large data center applications, and in editions more suitable to departmental and personal applications There is even a free edition!

Using this book, you’ll learn to unleash DB2’s unparalleled performance, power, and features on your choice of platform It doesn’t matter if you’ve used

other databases or are entirely new to the field Beginning DB2: From Novice to

Professional is written to show you how to get the most out of DB2 as an

admin-istrator, developer, and web designer You’ll learn to install DB2 and its related components on Linux and Windows, and how to decide which features best match your needs You’ll learn how DB2 works with programming languages such as PHP, Java, Ruby, and C#; as well as its great facility for working with development environments such as Eclipse and Microsoft Visual Studio You’ll also learn about unique DB2 features such as pureXML and pureQuery, and how you can mix every conceivable type of data, from videos to XML, in the same DB2 database Finally, you’ll work with the core of DB2 to understand how it ticks, how it provides rock-solid stability and scalability, and how to make it perform in your next project

I’m excited to present you with this book DB2 is a robust database management system that supports the latest standards and technology, including the ability

to store XML natively Knowing DB2 has been a great help in my career, and this book is my way of giving back It is my hope to spread the word about a very good, reliable, and amazingly flexible product I hope you find as much success

in using DB2 as I have

Sincerely,Grant Allen

THE APRESS ROADMAP

Beginning Database Design SQL QueriesBeginning

Applied Mathematics for Database Administrators Date on Database:

Grant Allen

Beginning DB2

From Novice to Professional

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Beginning DB2: From Novice to Professional

Copyright © 2008 by Grant Allen

All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrievalsystem, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher

ISBN-13: 978-1-59059-942-6

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The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com

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For Lindsay, who laughed at all the right times.

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Contents at a Glance

About the Author xix

About the Technical Reviewer xxi

Acknowledgments xxiii

Introduction xxv

PART 1 ■ ■ ■ Getting Started ■ CHAPTER 1 What Is DB2 and Where Can I Get It? 3

■ CHAPTER 2 Installing DB2 for Linux and Windows 11

PART 2 ■ ■ ■ Beginning Administration with DB2 Express Edition ■ CHAPTER 3 DB2 Wizards: The Fast Path to Working with Your New Database 39

■ CHAPTER 4 Controlling Your Environment with DB2 Control Center and Command-Line Tools 63

PART 3 ■ ■ ■ Database Fundamentals with DB2 Express Edition ■ CHAPTER 5 IBM Data Studio 89

■ CHAPTER 6 SQL for DB2: Part 1 111

■ CHAPTER 7 SQL for DB2: Part 2 127

■ CHAPTER 8 Developing Functions and Stored Procedures in DB2 143

■ CHAPTER 9 Controlling Access to DB2 163

■ CHAPTER 10 Securing Data in DB2 177

■ CHAPTER 11 Using XML with DB2 195

■ CHAPTER 12 Indexes, Sequences, and Views 215

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PART 4 ■ ■ ■ Programming with

DB2 Express Edition

■ CHAPTER 13 PHP with DB2 241

■ CHAPTER 14 DB2 on Rails 263

■ CHAPTER 15 DB2 Development with Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 279

■ CHAPTER 16 Developing Java Applications with DB2 301

■ CHAPTER 17 Exploring More DB2 Development Options 323

PART 5 ■ ■ ■ Ongoing Database Administration with DB2 ■ CHAPTER 18 Database Creation and Configuration 337

■ CHAPTER 19 DB2 Backup and Recovery 359

■ CHAPTER 20 Sharing Your DB2 Environment 385

■ CHAPTER 21 Moving Data in Bulk with DB2 407

■ CHAPTER 22 Working with Design 427

■ CHAPTER 23 Moving Up to More Advanced DB2 441

■ CHAPTER 24 Monitoring and Tuning DB2 Performance 459

■ INDEX 491

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About the Author xix

About the Technical Reviewer xxi

Acknowledgments xxiii

Introduction xxv

PART 1 ■ ■ ■ Getting Started ■ CHAPTER 1 What Is DB2 and Where Can I Get It? 3

Who Should Read This Book? 3

Why Choose DB2? 4

DB2 Has History on Its Side 4

DB2 Is at the Forefront of Database Technology Today 4

DB2 Will Be Even Bigger in the Future 4

Choosing the Right DB2 Edition For You 5

Obtaining DB2: A World of Choice 6

Summary 9

■ CHAPTER 2 Installing DB2 for Linux and Windows 11

Installing on Windows 11

Installing on Linux 11

Unpacking Installation Downloads 12

Using the DB2 9 Discovery Kit DVD 12

Checking Preinstallation Requirements 13

Memory 13

Disk 13

Users and Groups 14

Other Configuration Prerequisites 15

Proceeding with the Installation 15

Graphical Installation Under Windows and Linux 15

Command-Line Installation Under Linux 32

Uninstalling DB2 34

Reviewing Your DB2 Installation 35

Summary 35 vii

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PART 2 ■ ■ ■ Beginning Administration with

DB2 Express Edition

New Database 39

DB2 First Steps 39

Launching DB2 First Steps Under Windows 40

Launching DB2 First Steps Under Linux 41

Working with DB2 First Steps 43

Creating the SAMPLE Database 45

The DB2 Control Center 47

Starting the DB2 Control Center from First Steps 47

Starting the DB2 Control Center in Other Ways 48

Selecting Your Preferred DB2 Control Center View 49

Browsing the DB2 Control Center Object Views 50

Invoking the Create Table Control Center Wizard 52

Using the DB2 Command Editor 55

Command-Line Control of Your DB2 Environment 58

Powering Up the Command Line Processor 58

Learning About the Commands 59

Connecting and Disconnecting 60

Summary 61

■ CHAPTER 4 Controlling Your Environment with DB2 Control Center and Command-Line Tools 63

Getting Started as the Right User 63

Starting and Stopping DB2 Processes 64

From the Control Center 64

From the Command Line 66

Server Components 70

DB2 Instances and the DAS Instance 70

The DB2 Governor 71

The DB2 License Server 71

The DB2 Management Service 71

The DB2 Remote Command Server 72

The DB2 Security Server 72

The DB2 Fault Monitor Coordinator 72

■C O N T E N T S

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Configuring and Changing Your DB2 Instances and Databases 73

Two Different Levels of Configuration 74

Configuring Your DB2 Instances from the Control Center 75

Configuring a DB2 Database from the Control Center 78

Configuring and Changing Your DB2 Instances from the CLP 79

Configuring and Changing a DB2 Database from the CLP 81

More GUI Tools to Help You Manage DB2 82

More Tools Available from the Command Line 82

The Version Information Utility: DB2LEVEL 82

The DB2 Registry Utility: DB2SET 83

The Instance Listing Utilities: DB2ILIST and DASLIST 83

The DB2 Problem Determination Tool: DB2PD 84

Summary 85

PART 3 ■ ■ ■ Database Fundamentals with DB2 Express Edition ■ CHAPTER 5 IBM Data Studio 89

Sourcing the Data Studio 90

Installation Highlights 91

Multiple Installers for Data Studio 91

The Power of Eclipse-Based IDE Installations 92

Running Data Studio 94

Starting a New Data Project 95

New Project Connection Management 97

Adding Objects to Your Project 100

New SQL Statement Wizard 100

New Stored Procedure Wizard 104

Summary 109

■ CHAPTER 6 SQL for DB2: Part 1 111

Manipulating Data with SQL 111

Using Select Statements 112

Using Insert Statements 124

Using Update Statements 125

Using Delete Statements 126

Summary 126

■C O N T E N T S ix

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■ CHAPTER 7 SQL for DB2: Part 2 127

Creating and Managing DB2 Tables 127

Data Types in DB2 127

Your First Table 130

Naming DB2 Tables 131

Specifying Column Details and Constraints 132

Working with Null Data 132

Primary Key Constraints 133

Referential Constraints 134

Check Constraints 136

Disabling Constraints and Constraint Deferral 137

Automatic Value Generation for Columns 138

Specifying Table Storage Characteristics 140

Other Table Characteristics 141

Other Techniques for Table Creation 142

Summary 142

■ CHAPTER 8 Developing Functions and Stored Procedures in DB2 143

DB2 Stored Procedures 143

Creating Stored Procedures in DB2 143

Dropping Procedures 152

Managing Procedures 154

Further Reading on DB2 Stored Procedures 155

User-Defined Functions in DB2 156

Types of User-Defined Functions in DB2 156

Creating User-Defined Functions in DB2 157

Calling User-Defined Functions in DB2 159

Managing and Deleting User-Defined Functions 161

Summary 161

■ CHAPTER 9 Controlling Access to DB2 163

DB2 Building Blocks for Authentication 164

Configuring Where and When DB2 Authenticates Users 164

Choosing Your Authentication Option 167

DB2 Instance-Level Privileged Groups 168

■C O N T E N T S

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Changing Your DB2 Authentication Parameters 169

Using Control Center to Manage Authentication Parameters 170

Using DB2 CLP to Manage Authentication Parameters 172

Group Authentication Issues 173

Configuring DB2 to Use Local or Global Groups 173

64 Groups Limitation 174

Support for Windows AD Domain Features 174

Security Context of the DB2 Server 174

Summary 175

■ CHAPTER 10 Securing Data in DB2 177

Managing Authorities and Privileges in DB2 177

Preparing to Use Authorities and Privileges 177

Database-Level Authorities 177

Group Behavior in DB2 182

Roles in DB2 184

Managing Object Privileges in DB2 185

Working with Privileges on DB2 Objects 185

Granting Object Privileges to Users 187

Label-Based Access Control in DB2 190

LBAC in Action 192

Summary 194

■ CHAPTER 11 Using XML with DB2 195

Exploring XML in the Sample Database 195

Querying Your XML Data 198

Using XQuery for XML 199

Using XPath Queries for XML 204

More pureXML Features for Querying Data 207

Changing XML Data 208

Inserting XML Data 208

XML Schema Registration in DB2 210

Updating XML Data 212

Deleting XML Data 213

Summary 214

■C O N T E N T S xi

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■ CHAPTER 12 Indexes, Sequences, and Views 215

Working with Indexes 215

Creating Indexes 215

Enforcing Unique Values 217

The Important Case of Foreign Keys 218

Understanding Other Index Features 219

Using Design Advisor 221

Index Wrap Up 227

Working with Sequences 228

Creating Sequences 228

Altering Sequences 230

Using Sequences 231

Sequence Wrap Up 233

Working with Views 233

Defining Views 233

Further View Options 235

View Wrap Up 237

Summary 237

PART 4 ■ ■ ■ Programming with DB2 Express Edition ■ CHAPTER 13 PHP with DB2 241

PHP and Zend Core for DB2 241

Starting an Install of Zend Core 242

Continuing the Installation 244

Post-Installation Checks 247

Developing with the IBM_DB2 PHP Extensions 248

Connecting to a Database 248

Managing IBM_DB2 PHP Connections 252

Working with Ad Hoc SQL Statements 252

Working with Prepared Statements and Stored Procedures 255

Other IBM_DB2 PHP Functions 257

Developing with the Zend Framework 258

Configuring the Zend Framework 258

Managing Connections with the Zend Framework 259

■C O N T E N T S

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Executing Statements Using the Zend Core Framework 260

Other Major Classes in the Zend Core Framework 262

Summary 262

■ CHAPTER 14 DB2 on Rails 263

Installing Ruby and Rails 263

Developing with Ruby, Rails, and DB2 267

Creating a Project with Rails 267

Connecting a Rails Project to DB2 268

Designing DB2 Tables in Rails 269

Executing a Migration in Ruby for DB2 271

Evolving Your DB2 Schema with Ruby on Rails 272

The Schema_Info Table for Ruby on Rails 273

Reverting to Earlier Schema Incarnations 274

Ruby on Rails Scaffolding for DB2 274

Generating the Scaffolding 275

Ruby on Rails Scaffolding in Action with DB2 275

Summary 277

■ CHAPTER 15 DB2 Development with Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 279

Installing IBM Database Add-Ins 279

Registering the IBM Data Server Provider for NET 281

Testing DB2 NET Connectivity 282

Completing the Installation 283

Testing the Database Add-Ins 283

Managing DB2 Objects 286

Creating a New DB2 View Object 287

Building the DB2 Database Project 289

Building NET Windows Applications with DB2 290

Binding DB2 Objects to Windows Controls 291

Specifying a DB2 Connection for a Windows C# Project 292

Exploring a Connection’s Related Objects 294

Building and Running the Windows Project 294

Building NET Web Applications with DB2 295

Binding DB2 Objects to Web Controls 296

Building and Running the Web Project 298

Summary 299

■C O N T E N T S xiii

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■ CHAPTER 16 Developing Java Applications with DB2 301

Writing JDBC Applications for DB2 302

JDBC Driver Types 302

Writing the First Java DB2 Application 303

Refactoring the Connection Code 305

Working with Data 307

Working with DB2 JDBC Features 309

Developing Java Stored Procedures 311

Writing the Stored Procedure Java Class 311

Deploying the Java Stored Procedure Class 312

Writing the Stored Procedure 313

Testing the Java DB2 Stored Procedure 314

Getting Started with DB2 pureQuery for Java 315

Creating a pureQuery-Enabled Project 315

Autogenerating pureQuery Java Mapping Classes 318

Examining pureQuery Results 321

Summary 322

■ CHAPTER 17 Exploring More DB2 Development Options 323

Perl 323

Installing the Perl DBI and DBD::DB2 Modules 324

Getting Connected 327

Executing SQL Statements 328

Going Further with Perl and DB2 330

Python 330

Installing the Python DB2 Driver 330

Getting Connected 332

Executing SQL Statements 332

Going Further with Python and DB2 332

Other Languages 333

C and C++ 333

COBOL 333

Rexx 333

Visual Basic and Visual Basic.NET 334

Other Samples 334

Summary 334

■C O N T E N T S

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PART 5 ■ ■ ■ Ongoing Database Administration

with DB2

■ CHAPTER 18 Database Creation and Configuration 337

Building Blocks of DB2 Databases 337

Creating DB2 Databases 338

Specifying an Alias 339

Handling Languages and Text in DB2 Databases 340

Managing Storage for the DB2 Database 342

Understanding Tablespace Use in DB2 342

Choosing the Right Tablespace Storage Management Type 343

Using System Managed Storage Tablespaces 344

Using Database Managed Storage Tablespaces 345

Tuning Initial Tablespace Parameters 346

Introducing Buffer Pools 347

Moving Beyond Database, Tablespace, and Buffer Pool Basics 348

Creating Databases with Many Options 349

Altering Databases 349

Working with Tablespaces and Buffer Pools 350

Dropping Databases 356

Summary 357

■ CHAPTER 19 DB2 Backup and Recovery 359

Why You Should Care 359

Permissions for Backup and Recovery 359

Understanding DB2 Logging 360

General Logging Principles 360

Log File Types 361

Circular Logging 361

Archive Logging 362

Infinite Logging 365

Log Housekeeping 366

DB2 Backups 366

Anatomy of a Backup 367

Taking Backups from the Control Center 368

Advanced Backup Options from the Command Line 372

■C O N T E N T S xv

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Database Recovery with DB2 375

Database Recovery for Free 375

Restoring a Database from Backup 375

Roll Forward Recovery from a Backup 376

Database Recovery Using the Control Center 377

Advanced Recovery Options from the Command Line 381

Summary 383

■ CHAPTER 20 Sharing Your DB2 Environment 385

DB2 Clients on Linux and Windows 385

Using the DB2 Express-C Edition Installer 386

Using the Dedicated DB2 Client Installers 387

Deciding Which Components to Install 393

Configuring the DB2 Client for Your Database 394

The DB2 Client Configuration Assistant 394

Command-Line DB2 Client Configuration 400

Other Connectivity Options 405

DB2 Runtime Client 405

Type 4 JDBC Driver 405

Third-Party Connectivity Options 405

Summary 406

■ CHAPTER 21 Moving Data in Bulk with DB2 407

File Formats for Moving Data 407

ASCII Format 407

Delimited Format 407

Lotus 1-2-3 Worksheet Format 408

Integration Exchange Format 408

Exporting Data 408

Performing a Simple Export 409

Exporting LOBs 409

Exporting XML Objects 411

Exporting via the Control Center 412

Importing Data 414

Performing a Simple Import 414

Dealing with Import Warnings and Errors 416

Importing a Mix of New and Updated Data 418

Performing More-Complex Imports 419

Graphical Import Using the Control Center 421

■C O N T E N T S

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Loading Data with the Load Utility 423

Other Data-Movement Tools 426

Summary 426

■ CHAPTER 22 Working with Design 427

Database Design Overview 428

Statement of Requirements 429

Identification of Users and Use Cases 430

Analysis of Use Cases and Data Requirements 432

Finding Relationships in the Data 433

Building the Logical Data Model 435

Translating a Logical Model to a Physical Model 436

Building the Physical Model in DB2 436

Model Review 440

Summary 440

■ CHAPTER 23 Moving Up to More Advanced DB2 441

Using the db2look and db2move Utilities 441

Using db2look 441

Using db2move 443

Using db2look from the Control Center 445

DB2 Replication 446

Preparing for Replication 446

Configuring Replication via the Replication Center 447

Testing Replication in Action 452

Data Row Compression 454

Data Row Compression Design 455

Estimating Compression Savings 456

Compressing a Table 457

Limitations 458

Summary 458

■ CHAPTER 24 Monitoring and Tuning DB2 Performance 459

Starting with a Sensible Approach to Tuning 459

Proactive Tuning with the Configuration Advisor 460

Understanding Isolation Levels in DB2 464

Understanding Locking in DB2 464

Using DB2’s Optimistic Locking Features 466

Continuing with the Configuration Advisor 466

■C O N T E N T S xvii

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Understanding Self-Tuning Memory in DB2 468

Traditional DB2 Memory Management Model 468

Activating STMM Mode 469

Self-Tuning Memory Management Mechanics 470

Using the Memory Visualizer 471

Monitoring and Tuning Database Activity 472

Activating Monitor Switches 473

Using DB2 Event Monitors 473

Using DB2 Snapshot Monitors 478

Tuning the DB2 Optimizer with RUNSTATS 481

Automated RUNSTATS in DB2 481

Manually Running the RUNSTATS Command 484

Using the REORGCHK and REORG Utilities 485

Working with REORGCHK 485

Working with REORG 487

Summary 489

■ INDEX 491

■C O N T E N T S

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About the Author

■GRANT ALLENhas worked in the IT field for nearly 20 years, most recently as Chief Technology

Officer for a leading Australian software vendor, before taking on his current role at Google

His work has involved private enterprise, academia, and government around the

world—con-sulting on large-scale systems design, development, performance, data warehousing, content

management, and collaboration Grant is a frequent speaker at conferences and industry

events on topics such as data mining, compliance, relational databases, collaboration

tech-nologies, the business of technology, and more He is now a team leader at Google, using

database technologies to tackle problems of Google-scale and beyond

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About the Technical Reviewer

■FRED SOBOTKAis a database consultant with FRS Consulting He beganhis software industry career in 1990 and started using DB2 in 1996

Fred helps businesses get the most out of DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows He is an award-winning IDUG speaker and the leader ofNODE, a regional DB2 users group Fred has written about DB2 for

the IDUG Solutions Journal and DB2 Magazine, and regularly updates

a DB2 blog he started in 2004 He enjoys the local coffee and bicyclepaths of Portland, Oregon, where he lives with his wife, Allison, and theirhouseplant, Hector Fred can be reached at fred@frsconsulting.com

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Thanks to all my family and friends who supported me along the way, and kept the humor up

when it was most needed Thanks to the members of the IBM team, who have just chalked

up 25 years and make DB2 the awesome database technology it is today Amazing!

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Welcome to Beginning DB2: From Novice to Professional This book—which is all about the

DB2 relational database management system for Linux, UNIX, and Windows—is designed to

get anyone started on the road to mastering DB2 Beginning DB2 is not designed to be a

com-plete reference library for DB2; DB2 is far too large a piece of software for any one book to

cover every advanced feature and option But Beginning DB2 is designed to capture the state

of the art in DB2 capabilities and technology, presenting a comprehensive set of introductory

and gradually more advanced material to allow anyone to be up and working with DB2 in

no time

Who This Book Is For

This book is for everyone No, really! I’ll even be sending a copy to my mother Instead of

writ-ing a book just for database administrators, or database developers, or even developers of web

and desktop systems that want to use a database, I wrote Beginning DB2 to capture what you

need to work DB2 into any environment or development project Whether you’re a web

devel-oper, project manager, avid blogger, or podcasting star, Beginning DB2 will help you take your

database work to the next level

How This Book Is Structured

This book is split into five parts, each designed to help you master certain aspects of DB2:

• Part 1 deals with DB2’s heritage and shows you how to acquire and install your own

copy of DB2

• Part 2 discusses the great tools that come with DB2 out of the box

• Part 3 leaps into the wide world of Structured Query Language (SQL) and treats you to

the depth and breadth of DB2’s SQL capabilities

• Part 4 takes a tour of the fantastic developer options IBM adds to DB2 for languages

such as Ruby, PHP, Java, C#, Python, and more

• Part 5 covers the all-important administrative details that will make you a database

administrator “par excellence” with DB2

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I tried to keep the conventions in this book very simple Where a piece of code is used, it ispresented in fixed-width Courier font, such as this (working) example:

select * from sysibm.sysdummy1

For syntax descriptions and other technical elements, I use the same font for clarity, buthave endeavored to use a conversational style to discuss the meaning and use of commandsand technology This helps you reach a better understanding in a shorter period of time Moreimportantly, it also saves trees because you don’t need to buy a book that repeats the great reference material for DB2 that you can find online

Prerequisites

There are very few prerequisites you’ll need to get the most out of this book In fact, there’snothing stopping you from reading the book without installing DB2 and trying the examples

But I’ll take a wild guess that you want to do that, so you’ll need a computer with a supported

Linux distribution, such as CentOS, OpenSuSE, or the like; or Microsoft Windows XP or Vista.Exact versions and instructions on downloading the edition of DB2 suitable for you are inChapter 1 and Chapter 2

Downloading the Code

Examples and code snippets used in the book will be available in zip file format in the loads section of the Apress website (www.apress.com) The author has also set up the sitewww.beginningdb2.com, where the examples can also be obtained

Down-Contacting the Author

Any questions, comments, or errata can be sent to the author at grantondata@gmail.com, or visitthe book’s website at www.beginningdb2.com or the author’s website at www.grantondata.com

■I N T R O D U C T I O N

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Getting Started

P A R T 1

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What Is DB2 and

Where Can I Get It?

If you’ve ever wondered how easy it would be to learn DB2, one of the world’s most mature

and powerful relational databases, the answer is this: very easy! Beginning DB2: From Novice to

Professional covers every aspect of the fundamentals of DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows The

book will help you to quickly move from beginner to confident professional in using the power

of DB2 to develop desktop and web applications, manage and administer DB2 databases, and

take charge of your data as never before It quickly builds your expertise so you can tackle new

and existing software projects with the backing of IBM’s leading database technology In no time

you’ll power ahead, realizing your dreams of the next MySpace, YouTube, or Flickr

Who Should Read This Book?

Everyone! Well, nearly everyone This book is not designed to be a boring technical

disserta-tion on the internal design of DB2, the minutiae of Structured Query Language (SQL) syntax,

or the elegance of relational set theory

This book will teach you the essentials of DB2, using DB2 as the storage and processingfoundation for a range of applications that should get you thinking about what it can do for

you You’ll learn the practical side of managing DB2 and the data it hosts, you’ll feel

comfort-able and confident with database administration tasks, and you’ll know when to relax and let

the DB2 automated features do the heavy lifting for you This book also shows how easy it is to

build desktop and web-based applications such as blog hosting services, video catalogs,

dis-cussion forums, and social networking sites

So if you’re a PHP developer, a Ruby magician, keen on project management, a fabulousgraphic designer, or a budding blogger, this book will give you just the right amount of DB2 to

match your requirements

After reading this book, you’ll be able to do the following:

• Install and manage DB2 on Linux and Windows

• Easily control DB2 and its various features using the IBM-provided tools

• Quickly write useful SQL and SQL/PL commands to manage your data

• Simultaneously handle structured and unstructured data such as video, pictures, ments, and XML

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• Combine DB2 databases with your web and desktop applications in languages such asPython, Ruby, C#, and others

• Use the added features of DB2 to manage backups, performance, and troubleshooting

• Comfortably handle the most complex data storage and manipulation requirementswith the power of DB2

• Look forward to future developments in database capabilities with a strong grounding

in DB2

Why Choose DB2?

You might have a pressing need to store vast quantities of data You might have heard aboutthe amazing features in the latest release of DB2 Perhaps you’ve used other databases in thepast and are interested in expanding your exposure to different relational database manage-ment systems Or maybe you just like the name! Whatever the motivation, there are excellentreasons to choose DB2 for your next project or application

DB2 Has History on Its Side

The year was 1970 A brilliant man named E F “Ted” Codd wrote a seminal paper while ing at the IBM research lab in San Jose, California The paper, which was titled “A RelationalModel of Data for Large Shared Data Banks,” triggered a revolution in how people thoughtabout data, its storage, its use, and its management

work-You don’t need to read that paper to benefit from Codd’s ideas because IBM realized it had

a winner on its hands Other members of the IBM research team—Ray Boyce and Don berlin—added to Codd’s work in the following years, developing “SEQUEL,” a language forstructured English queries This evolved into the “SQL” that is now the lingua franca used withmost databases today

Cham-DB2 Is at the Forefront of Database Technology Today

With the latest release of DB2, IBM is taking DB2 into new technological territory—to the benefit

of all its users You’ll learn about all the fantastic features that DB2 9.5 offers as you read thisbook, but the most prominent technology to find its way into DB2 is the IBM “pureXML”hybrid storage technology With pureXML, DB2 can store, manage, and leverage information

in native XML form, right beside information stored in relational form If you’ve ever had towrestle with breaking down and rebuilding XML just to store it for later reference, or struggledwith not having the tools you want to manage XML and relational data on an equal footing,DB2 9.5 and pureXML are a boon (We’ll let the section on pureXML speak for itself so youwon’t think that this topic is just a marketing exercise to promote DB2.)

DB2 Will Be Even Bigger in the Future

If you have ever started working with a new piece of technology and wondered whether therewas any mileage left in it after you invested all your time and effort, you can rest easy aboutdevoting your attention to DB2 Not only does IBM release new features and versions of DB2

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at a regular steady pace; IBM has been doing that for more than 20 years and has already given

a sneak preview of enhancements and new technologies it will make available in the

forth-coming releases after DB2 9.5

Choosing the Right DB2 Edition For You

IBM has always made sure that an edition of DB2 exists that is tailored to match any operating

environment you can imagine And that’s true more than ever with the range of DB2 version

9.5 editions now available Currently, you can choose from the following editions:

• DB2 Express-C: A fully functional version of DB2 for Microsoft Windows and Linux that

is both free to download and free to distribute with your applications! That’s right—free

IBM also has the most generous limits of any “express” edition of a commercial prise database You can even buy an IBM-backed support service, just like all the other

enter-editions The C in Express-C stands for community, and it is the community to which

IBM contributes not just the amazing features and power of DB2 but also dedicatedsupport staff on Express-C forums and input from numerous independent experts

Express-C is amazingly full-powered and brimming with features—you’ll be surprised

by how far it can take your database!

• DB2 Express edition: Like its cousin, Express-C, this version is targeted for quick

instal-lation and use It is ideal for hybrid applications that make use of reinstal-lational and XMLfeatures DB2 Express supports up to 2 CPUs and 4GB of RAM Platforms supportedinclude Linux, Windows, and Solaris x86

• DB2 Personal edition: A DB2 edition optimized for single-user operation, this edition

can be frugal with memory and other resources while providing almost all the firepowerpresent in multiuser DB2 versions

• DB2 Everyplace 9: Take DB2 with you everywhere! On your land line, PDA, cell phone, or

embedded device Perfect for distributed applications, this edition includes nization tools to keep your data in step across your applications and across the world

synchro-• DB2 Workgroup edition: This edition raises the bar again, allowing up to 4 CPUs and

16GB of RAM, and shares all the management and development tools of the DB2 range

Platform availability also expands from the DB2 Express edition to include AIX, HP/UX,and Solaris on UltraSPARC

• DB2 Enterprise edition: DB2 with no limits! Serious horsepower to match the most

demanding of applications Advanced technology bundled with the Enterprise editioninclude high-availability technology for maximum up time, multinode clustering, spe-cialized spatial data support, and more

• DB2 Enterprise Developer edition: Because even the best features should be available to

everyone to test and develop, IBM makes the Developer edition available so that youcan make the most sophisticated applications with the minimum of fuss

• DB2 Data Warehouse edition: DB2 with special features to manage truly gargantuan

data warehouses Special features include data partitioning, multidimensional ing, and query materialization technology

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• Other members of the DB2 family: IBM is also famous for scaling DB2 all the way up to

the mainframe, giving you unlimited potential when it comes to powering your cations Related products in the DB2 family include DB2 for iSeries and DB2 for z/OS.All members of the DB2 family share a great deal of functionality and capability in common DB2 for iSeries and DB2 for z/OS versions do take advantage of some of theunique properties of their respective platforms, and there are probably few readers whohave such a system readily at hand As such, I’ll highlight in passing any important top-ics that relate to these two platforms, such as connectivity tools, but won’t delve deeplyinto their inner workings

appli-This book focuses on the most common editions of DB2 so you become familiar with asmuch of the DB2 world as possible as quickly as possible I’ll start with DB2 Express-C andshow you all its power, flexibility, and capability In the latter chapters, I’ll discuss the differ-ences you’ll find in the Workgroup and Enterprise editions, and also show you how easy it is tomove quickly and easily between versions when required

Obtaining DB2: A World of Choice

It should come as no surprise that as well as making available free editions of DB2, IBM alsomakes it incredibly easy to obtain DB2 to install and use There is no surer way to date a bookthan to include in the text a reference to a specific website You might think that other thanhttp://www.ibm.com/, IBM must regularly change the content and layout of its website as itsproducts, services and related information evolve And you’d be right But IBM doesn’t justmake one of the best database management tools available today; IBM actually understands

at a deeper level the importance of managing fluctuating data such as URLs That’s a winded way of saying that http://www.ibm.com/db2 has consistently redirected to the currentDB2 home page for the last decade or more!

long-As Figure 1-1 shows, the home page is constantly kept up to date with the latest tion on DB2 So no matter when you find yourself reading this section, you can reliably enterthat address into your web browser and be faithfully taken to IBM’s DB2 offerings almostinstantaneously (Now that I have made such a bold statement, IBM will no doubt decide toadd masses of video, audio, and as-yet-unthought-of bandwidth-hungry content to that site,and I’ll be forced to eat my words on the “instantaneous” claim.)

informa-The DB2 home page always includes a link for the DB2 download page, so you don’t have

to go digging to find the software you want Point your browser at the DB2 home page, followthe link to the download page, and you’ll see quite a few options that cover Windows, Linux,and other operating systems in both 32-bit and 64-bit forms Depending on your platform,you’ll need between 258MB to 365MB for the download I’ll cover more about the installationsteps in Chapter 2, so for now, if downloading DB2 is your preferred option, go ahead andselect the package that matches your operating system and start your download

If you are a fan of virtual machines and the flexibility they provide, you’ll see that IBM haspartnered with Novell to make available a ready-made VMware SUSE Linux package with DB2Express-C already installed, configured, and ready for use The download package for the vir-tual machine weighs in at a hefty 1.1GB, but it can be a great kick start to using DB2 in a Linuxenvironment If you choose this option, you can skip Chapter 2, but you’ll find the chapter auseful reference if you ever find yourself with questions about how your virtual machine wasput together for you

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Figure 1-1.The IBM DB2 home page

If you can’t use the offerings on the download page for whatever reason, there are otherreadily available ways to obtain DB2 For some years, IBM has made available at no charge its

software Discovery Kit, a collection of its leading middleware products that lets anyone try out

products such as DB2 at no charge This is a great way to grab a diverse set of tools,

informa-tion, and the DB2 software itself, all in one convenient package It’s also very useful if you find

yourself at the end of an Internet connection with limited bandwidth or face steep excess

usage fees from your ISP for the available downloads on the IBM DB2 home page

The DB2 Discovery Kit is available by registering at this URL on the DB2 home page:

http://www-304.ibm.com/jct03002c/software/data/info/expresscd/

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Because this URL is likely to change over time, using the built-in search functionality on

the DB2 home page and entering DB2 Discovery Kit returns the page as one of the first search

results The current version of the signup page can be seen in Figure 1-2

Figure 1-2.Ordering the DB2 Discovery Kit

IBM has even thought of those of you who can’t get to their website to obtain DB2 Youcan e-mail or telephone IBM’s DB2 team to arrange to have the Discovery Kit shipped to you

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NAMING CURRENT AND FUTURE VERSIONS OF DB2

IBM’s current release of DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows is DB2 9.5 You might also hear about DB2 Viper

and wonder how it is related DB2 Viper was the code name that IBM used during the development phase for DB2 9, and DB2 Viper 2 was the code name that IBM used for DB2 9.5 So essentially, they are the same

product—one is the beta form; the other is the final released form

This style of code name has been used previously with DB2 DB2 version 8.2 was code named Stinger,and I’m sure IBM will use the same nomenclature for the next release of DB2 10 and later versions in the future

The content presented in this book is designed to be applicable for current and future versions of DB2,

so the fundamentals presented here will equip you to work with it, no matter whether you’re reading thisbook now or sometime in the future when DB2 10, or an even later version has been released

Summary

You now know all about the background of DB2, its history, and its tailor-made editions that

are available to you to suit every conceivable data management requirement If you haven’t

already got your hands on a copy of DB2 Express-C, jump to the website, telephone, or even

use good old snail mail to get your copy now The next chapter launches you right in to

installing and using DB2

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Installing DB2 for

Linux and Windows

As you’d expect from a sophisticated product such as DB2, there are a wealth of options

available during installation from which to choose Although you’re often well served by the

default selection, if you’re like me you always want to know what you might be missing In this

chapter, you’ll step through the process of installing DB2 on both Microsoft Windows and

Linux, and examine the options presented along the way

Installing on Windows

I chose Windows XP with Service Pack 2 (SP2) for the Windows example because it will be very

familiar to many readers However, IBM supports DB2 on many Windows variants:

• Windows 2000

• Windows XP Professional, SP1 or later

• Windows Server 2003, SP1 or later

• Windows Vista

At the time of writing, Windows Vista (in its many editions) has just been released to market IBM has moved quickly to support Windows Vista with the release of DB2 9 Fix Pack 2

This release allows the DB2 server components and most of the graphical tools to operate

normally under Windows Vista A few items, such as the DB2 Developer Workbench, do not

operate under Windows Vista at this time To check on the current state of Windows Vista

sup-port, refer to the DB2 Information Center on the DB2 homepage at http://www.ibm.com/db2

Notice that Windows 2000 in the list of supported Windows versions Although IBM doessupport DB2 9 installations on Windows 2000, upgrading to a later version of Windows is sug-

gested to ensure that your operating system is supported by Microsoft

Installing on Linux

The wealth of options offered by Linux distributions leaves you spoiled with choices in selecting

the operating system for your DB2 environment There are numerous excellent distributions

from which to choose, and if you’re anything like me, you’ll have more than one favorite

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To put your mind at ease, IBM lists the following distributions as being supported:

• Novell Open Enterprise Server 9

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 4

For the exercises and examples in this book, I’ll be using CentOS 4.5 on x86 hardware,which is the equivalent to RHEL 4 I’ll also refer to examples using the SUSE 10.2 virtualmachine mentioned in Chapter 1 to reassure you that no matter the distribution, DB2 usuallybehaves the same way

Unpacking Installation Downloads

If you elected to download your installation source from the IBM DB2 download website,you’ll have one (or both) of the following files:

• For Windows, you’ll have the file db2exc_95_WIN_x86.zip This is a zip file, and you canuse Windows’ built-in capabilities to extract its contents or you can use an unzip utilitysuch as 7-Zip

• For Linux, you’ll have the file db2exc_95_LNX_x86.tar.gz This is a tar archive pressed with gzip, and you can pipeline the necessary unpacking commands to extractits contents Here’s an example:

com$ gunzip db2exc_95_LNX_x86.tar.gz | tar xpvf The unpacked installer for Windows requires approximately 395MB of disk space, and thespace required to unpack the installer for Linux is about 322MB Don’t forget to allow approxi-mately twice that much space for unpacking the archive; you’ll have both the downloaded fileand its contents on disk at once

-Using the DB2 9 Discovery Kit DVD

The DB2 Discovery Kit includes versions of DB2 for both Microsoft Windows and Linux inboth 32-bit and 64-bit forms Everything you need in one package! Pop the DVD into yourcomputer; the Getting Started web page will open with a wealth of information about externalresources, partnering with IBM, downloading FAQs and examples, and more

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