SAS whats new in SAS 9 2 oct 2008 ISBN 1599947536 pdf

Chapter 1 4 What’s New in Base SAS 9.2: Overview 1 Supported Operating Environments 1 Migration 1 ODS Output Delivery System and Output Formatting 1 Universal Printing 2 National Languag

What’s New in SAS ®

9.2

SAS®

Documentation

The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows: SAS Institute Inc 2008.

What’s New in SAS ® 9.2 Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

What’s New in SAS ® 9.2

Copyright © 2008, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA

ISBN 978-1-59994-639-9 (electronic book)

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Chapter 1 4 What’s New in Base SAS 9.2: Overview 1

Supported Operating Environments 1

Migration 1

ODS (Output Delivery System) and Output Formatting 1

Universal Printing 2

National Language Support 2

SAS Remote Browsing 2

Overview 5

New Base SAS Procedures 6

Enhanced Base SAS Procedures 7

Documentation Enhancements 13Chapter 3 4 What’s New in the Base SAS 9.2 Statistical Procedures 15

CORR Procedure 15

FREQ Procedure 15

UNIVARIATE Procedure 15Chapter 4 4 What’s New in the Base SAS 9.2 Language 17

Overview 17

SAS System Features 18

SAS Language Elements 20Chapter 5 4 What’s New in the Base SAS 9.2 Windowing Environment 37

Overview 37

Documentation Enhancements 37Chapter 6 4 What’s New in Moving and Accessing SAS 9.2 Files 39

Overview 39

Documentation Enhancements 39Chapter 7 4 What’s New in SAS 9.2 Output Delivery System 41

Overview 41

New Features and Enhancements for ODS Statements 41

New Features and Enhancements for the DOCUMENT Procedure 44

New Features and Enhancements for the TEMPLATE Procedure 45

Improved ODS Statistical Graphics 47

New ODS Support for SAS/GRAPH 47

New PDF Security 48

New Scalable Vector Graphics and Fonts 48

Query Open ODS Destinations 48Chapter 8 4 What’s New in Data Security Technologies in SAS 9.2 49

Overview 49

General Enhancements 49Chapter 9 4 What’s New in the SAS 9.2 Macro Language Facility 51

Overview 51

New Automatic Macro Variable 51

New SAS Macro System Options 51

New Options for the %MACRO Statement 52Chapter 10 4 What’s New in the SAS 9.2 Scalable Performance Data Engine 53

Overview 53

SPD Engine Data Set Options 53

SPD Engine LIBNAME Statement Options 54

SPD Engine System Options 54Chapter 11 4 What’s New in the SAS 9.2 XML LIBNAME Engine 55

Overview 55

Enhanced LIBNAME Statement 55

New XMLMap Functionality 56

Obsolete Syntax 56Chapter 12 4 What’s New in the SAS 9.2 Companion for Windows 57

Overview 57

SAS Default Directory Path 57

Word Tip 58

Software Migration 58

Windows NT, 2000, and Vista 58

Running SAS in Batch Mode 58

SAS Disk Cleanup Handler Utility 58

SAS Language Elements 59Chapter 13 4 What’s New in the SAS 9.2 Companion for UNIX Environments 61

Overview 61

Direct File I/O 62

File Locking 62

SAS Remote Browser 62

Installation and Configuration Changes 62

Shared Executable Libraries 63

New Platforms for 9.2 63

SAS Language Elements 63

IPv6 Standard 65

Documentation Enhancements 65

Chapter 14 4 What’s New in SAS 9.2 OpenVMS Companion 67

Overview 67

The SAS Remote Browser 67

SAS Language Elements 68

Chapter 15 4 What’s New in the SAS 9.2 Companion for z/OS 71

Overview 71

Installation Change 71

SAS Software Enhancements 72

New SAS Macro 72

Enhanced SAS Statements 72

New SAS System Options 73

Enhanced SAS System Options 74

Deprecated SAS System Options 74

Documentation Enhancements 74

Chapter 16 4 What’s New in SAS/ACCESS 9.2 Interface to PC Files 75

Overview 75

New and Enhanced Support for Import and Export Wizards and Procedures 75

New and Enhanced Support for PC Files Server 75

Support for New File Formats 76

Date/Time Value Differences between SAS and Microsoft Files 76

Documentation Enhancements 76

Chapter 17 4 What’s New in SAS/ACCESS 9.2 Interfaces for Relational Databases 77

Overview 77

All Supported SAS/ACCESS Interfaces to Relational Databases 77

SAS/ACCESS Interface to DB2 under UNIX and PC Hosts 78

SAS/ACCESS Interface to DB2 under z/OS 78

SAS/ACCESS Interface to Informix 78

SAS/ACCESS Interface to MySQL 79

SAS/ACCESS Interface to Netezza 79

SAS/ACCESS Interface to ODBC 79

SAS/ACCESS Interface to OLE DB 79

SAS/ACCESS Interface to Oracle 80

SAS/ACCESS Interface to Sybase 80

SAS/ACCESS Interface to Teradata 80

Chapter 18 4 What’s New in SAS/CONNECT 9.2 81

Overview 81

New Features and Enhancements for Server Sign-On and Compute Services 81

Enhancements for Remote Library Services 81

Documentation Enhancements 82Chapter 19 4 What’s New in Communications Access Methods for SAS/CONNECT 9.2

and SAS/SHARE 9.2 83

Overview 83

Support for Security Support Provider Interface under Windows for TCP/IP 83

Changes to TCP/IP and XMS under z/OS 83

Changes to the Spawners 84

Documentation Enhancements 84Chapter 20 4 What’s New for the SAS 9.2 Providers for OLE DB 85

Overview 85

A New Data Provider Provides Access to a Local Installation of Base SAS 85

An Enhanced Data Link Properties Dialog Box 85

Three New Properties for Managing SAS Code Before a Data Source Is Initialized 86

Support for Reading Multilingual Data from a Data Set with UTF-8 Encoding 86

64-bit Version of the Local Provider 86Chapter 21 4 What’s New in SAS Data Quality Server 9.2 87

Overview 87

DataFlux Integration Server Support 87

Documentation for Conditional Clusters 88Chapter 22 4 What’s New in SAS/ETS 9.2 89

References 100

Chapter 24 4 What’s New in SAS/GRAPH 9.2 101

Overview 102

The SAS/GRAPH Statistical Graphics Suite 102

The SAS/GRAPH Network Visualization Workshop 103

Support for Multiple Open ODS Destinations 103

Support for ODS Styles 103

Device Drivers 104

Colors 104

Fonts and Font Rendering 104

Reverting to a Pre-Version 9.2 Appearance 105

Java Map Applet 111

Java Tilechart Applet 111

The Annotate Facility 111

New Map Data Sets 111

Updated Map Data Sets 111

Map Data Set Descriptions 116

New Data Set for Military ZIP Codes 116

Changes in SAS/GRAPH Documentation 116

Chapter 25 4 What’s New in SAS/IML 9.2 117

GEOMEAN and HARMEAN Functions 118

New Related Software 118

Chapter 26 4 What’s New in SAS/IntrNet 9.2 121

Overview 131

General Enhancements 131Chapter 30 4 What’s New in SAS/OR 9.2 133

Overview 133

The NETFLOW Procedure 133

The INTPOINT Procedure 134

The LP Procedure 134

The OPTLP Procedure 134

The OPTMILP Procedure 135

The OPTMODEL Procedure 135

The OPTQP Procedure 136

Earned Value Management Macros 136

Microsoft Project Conversion Macros 136

Overview 141

Details 142Chapter 33 4 What’s New in SAS/SHARE 9.2 145

Overview 145

SAS/SHARE and the SAS Intelligence Platform Environment 145

Changes to PROC SERVER 145

A Method to Free a Library That Contains a Locked Data Set 146

Relocated Information about SAS Data Security Technologies 146Chapter 34 4 What’s New in SAS/STAT 9.2 147

Overview 148

CALIS Procedure 150

SEQDESIGN Procedure (Experimental) 157

SEQTEST Procedure (Experimental) 157

SAS Scoring Accelerator for Teradata 161

Index 163

National Language Support 2

SAS Remote Browsing 2

Supported Operating Environments

SAS 9.2 supports new operating systems and hardware that includes MicrosoftWindows x64 editions, Linux on x86-64-based CPUs and Solaris 10 x64 Also new forSAS 9.2 is support for OpenVMS on HP Integrity (Itanium) servers OpenVMS onIntegrity servers support a product set similar to what is offered on OpenVMS Alphasystems SAS 9.2 continues to support key platforms for SAS, including MicrosoftWindows 2003/2008 (32-bit) server families, IBM’s z/OS, Sun’s Solaris on SPARC, IBM’sAIX on Power, HP-UX on Itanium and PA-RISC, and Red Hat and Novell’s Linux 32-bitdistributions

Migration

The MIGRATE procedure now supports more cross-environment migrations toSAS 9.2

ODS (Output Delivery System) and Output Formatting

ODS packages enable ODS destinations to use the SAS Publishing Framework,which is a feature of SAS Integration Technologies An ODS package tracks the output

2 Universal Printing 4 Chapter 1

from any active destinations that connect with it After the destinations close, thepackage can be published to any of the publish destinations

Measured RTF output enables you to specify how and where page breaks occur andwhen to place titles and footnotes into the body of a page

Inline formatting has new syntax and can now be nested With inline formatting youcan change border styles individually

Style element inheritance has been enhanced in SAS 9.2 In addition, thefunctionality of the REPLACE statement has been completely incorporated into theSTYLE statement

The TEMPLATE procedure now enables you to customize the appearance ofcrosstabulation (contingency) tables that are created with the FREQ procedure

You can now define styles by using TEMPLATE procedure syntax as well ascascading style sheets (CSS)

You can use table header and footer style elements in the TEMPLATE procedure tochange the borders of the regions that surround the table header and footer

The PRINT procedure now enables the insertion of blank lines and the BY variablelabel on the summary line, as well as formatting of large numbers

Universal Printing

New Universal Printers include PNG (Portable Network Graphics), SVG (ScalableVector Graphics) and PDFA, a printer that produces archivable PDF files that arecompliant with PDF/A-1b All Universal Printers now render TrueType fonts for output

in all operating environments, including 31 new TrueType fonts

Several new system options enable you to control the use, layout, viewing, security,description, metatadata, and printing options of PDF documents

National Language Support

SAS 9.2 adds support for numerous locales and language encodings, as well asinternational currency informats and formats, and alternate collating sequences such aslinguistic collation

SAS Remote Browsing

In all operating environments except for Windows, the SAS Remote Browser replacesthe SAS Help Browser You now view SAS documentation and other Web pages

specified by the WBROWSE command in the Web browser on your computer

User-Written Functions

You can now write your own functions in either C, C++, or the SAS language, anduse them in a SAS program External functions that are written in C or C++ can beused in SAS programs once they have been registered using the PROTO procedure Towrite your own functions using the SAS language, you use the FCMP procedure Thenew FUNCTIONS DICTIONARY table contains information about all functions thatcan be used in SAS

What’s New in Base SAS 9.2: Overview 4 Diagnostics 3

IPv6

To support the "next generation" of Internet protocol, SAS supports the new IPv6Internet protocol as well as the current IPv4 protocol

Web Messaging Protocol

The SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) procedure enables a Web messagingprotocol that invokes a Web service through the Java Native Interface (JNI) and theAxis2 Java Client

Performance

SAS programs that run in batch mode and terminate before they complete can beresumed at the DATA or PROC step that follows the last completed DATA or PROC step.The SQL procedure has been optimized to improve the performance of queries toexternal databases and SAS libraries

The SORT procedure determines whether a data set has already been sorted before itattempts to sort a data set

The IBUFNO system option enables you to specify an optional number of extrabuffers to be allocated for navigating an index file

You can specify when SAS files are written to disk by using the new FILESYNCsystem option

Security

SAS now supports the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) data encryptionalgorithm SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and SSH (Secure Shell) are now supported inthe z/OS operating environment

The Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) access method provides a secure connectionand file transfers between two hosts (client and server), over a network, where bothcommands and data are encrypted

The PWENCODE procedure now supports the sas003 encoding method, which uses a256-bit key encryption method to generate encoded passwords

You can now specify in the LIBNAME statement whether user ID and passwordcredentials are necessary when accessing a WebDAV server

Diagnostics

The SCAPROC procedure is a SAS Code Analyzer that captures information in a fileabout the input, output, variables, and macros for a SAS job while the job is running.The JAVAINFO procedure reports diagnostic information about the Java

environment that SAS is using

The new ID statement for the CORR procedure specifies one or more additional tipvariables to identify observations in scatter plots and scatter plot matrices.

The FREQ procedure can now produce frequency plots, cumulative frequency plots,deviation plots, odds ratio plots, and kappa plots by using ODS Graphics The

crosstabulation table now has an ODS template that you can customize using theTEMPLATE procedure Equivalence and noninferiority tests are now available for thebinomial proportion and the proportion difference New confidence limits for thebinomial proportion include Agresti-Coull, Jeffreys, and Wilson (score) confidence limits.The RISKDIFF option in the EXACT statement provides unconditional exact confidencelimits for the proportion (risk) difference The EQOR option in the EXACT statementprovides Zelen’s exact test for equal odds ratios

The UNIVARIATE procedure now produces graphs that conform to ODS styles, sothat creating consistent output is easier Also, you now have two alternative methodsfor producing graphs With traditional graphics, you can control every detail of a graphthrough familiar procedure syntax and the GOPTION and SYMBOL statements WithODS Graphics (experimental for the UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS 9.2), you canobtain the highest quality output with minimal syntax and full compatibility withgraphics that are produced by the SAS/STAT and SAS/ETS procedures

The new UNIVARIATE procedure CDFPLOT statement plots the observedcumulative distribution function (cdf) of a variable and enables you to superimpose afitted theoretical distribution on the graph The new PPPLOT statement creates aprobability-probability plot (also referred to as a P-P plot or percent plot), whichcompares the empirical cumulative distribution function (ecdf) of a variable with aspecified theoretical cumulative distribution function The beta, exponential, gamma,lognormal, normal, and Weibull distributions are availbable in both statements

Language Elements

Files that are located in an aggregate storage location whose filename does notcomply with SAS naming conventions can now be accessed through the %INCLUDE,FILE, and the INFILE statements A new DATA statement option enables notes to bewritten to the SAS log at the beginning and end of each level of nested DO statements.Several new informats and formats read and write date, time, and datetime datathat is formatted according to ISO 8601

New character functions return information about character position or words in acharacter string Other new functions return date and time interval and variousmathematical computations Several functions from other SAS products that returndate or time information are now part of Base SAS

New automatic macro variables contain information about the SAS session encoding,the local and remote computer names, and SAS log error and warning messages

Many new system options support the new SAS 9.2 features Others support e-mail,SAS/GRAPH features, macro enhancements, and a default logical record length

The JAVAINFO Procedure 6

The PROTO Procedure 6

The SCAPROC Procedure 7

The SOAP Procedure 7

Enhanced Base SAS Procedures 7

The APPEND Procedure 7

The CIMPORT Procedure 7

The CONTENTS Procedure 7

The COPY Procedure 7

The CPORT Procedure 8

The CORR Procedure 8

The DATASETS Procedure 8

The FREQ Procedure 8

The MEANS Procedure 9

The MIGRATE Procedure 9

The OPTIONS Procedure 9

The PRINT Procedure 9

The PWENCODE Procedure 9

The RANK Procedure 9

The REPORT Procedure 10

The SORT Procedure 10

The SQL Procedure 11

The TABULATE Procedure 12

The UNIVARIATE Procedure 12

Documentation Enhancements 13

The CV2VIEW Procedure 13

The DBCSTAB Procedure 13

The EXPORT Procedure 13

The IMPORT Procedure 13

The TRANTAB Procedure 13

Overview

The following Base SAS Procedures are new:

3 FCMP

3 JAVAINFO

6 New Base SAS Procedures 4 Chapter 2

3 PROTO

3 SCAPROC

3 SOAPThe following Base SAS Procedures have been enhanced:

The FCMP ProcedureThe FCMP procedure is new for 9.2 The SAS Function Compiler Procedure (FCMP)enables you to create, test, and store SAS functions and subroutines before you usethem in other SAS procedures PROC FCMP accepts slight variations of DATA stepstatements, and most features of the SAS programming language can be used infunctions and subroutines that are processed by PROC FCMP

The JAVAINFO ProcedureThe JAVAINFO procedure conveys diagnostic information to the user about the Javaenvironment that SAS is using The diagnostic information can be used to confirm thatthe SAS Java environment has been configured correctly, and can be helpful whenreporting problems to SAS technical support Also, PROC JAVAINFO is often used toverify that the SAS Java environment is working correctly because PROC JAVAINFOuses Java to report its diagnostics

The PROTO ProcedureThe PROTO procedure enables you to register, in batch mode, external functions thatare written in the C or C++ programming languages You can use these functions in

What’s New in SAS 9.2 Base Procedures 4 The COPY Procedure 7

SAS as well as in C-language structures and types After the C-language functions areregistered in PROC PROTO, they can be called from any SAS function or subroutinethat is declared in the FCMP procedure They can also be called from any SASfunction, subroutine, or method block that is declared in the COMPILE procedure

The SCAPROC ProcedureThe SCAPROC procedure enables you to specify a filename or fileref that will containthe output of the SAS Code Analyzer, and to write the output to the file The SAS CodeAnalyzer captures information about the job step, input and output information such asfile dependencies, and information about macro symbol usage from a running SAS job.The SCAPROC procedure also can generate a grid-enabled job that can simultaneouslyrun independent pieces of a SAS job

The SOAP ProcedureThe SOAP procedure is a messaging protocol that invokes a Web service throughJava Native Interface (JNI) with the Axis2 Java Client

Enhanced Base SAS Procedures

The APPEND ProcedureThe NOWARN option has been added to the APPEND procedure The NOWARNoption suppresses the warning message when it is used with the FORCE option toconcatenate two data sets with different variables

The CIMPORT ProcedureThe following enhancement has been made to the CIMPORT procedure:

3 ISFILEUTF8= is a new option that specifies whether the encoding of the transportfile is UTF-8 This feature is useful when you import a transport file whose UTF-8encoding identity is known to you but is not stored in the transport file SASreleases before SAS 9.2 do not store any encodings in the transport file

3 New warning and error messages are available to alert you to transport problemsand recovery actions

The CONTENTS ProcedureThe WHERE option of the CONTENTS procedure has been restricted You cannotuse the WHERE option to affect the output because PROC CONTENTS does notprocess any observations

The COPY ProcedureThe PROC COPY option of the COPY procedure ignores concatenations withcatalogs Use PROC CATALOG COPY to copy concatenated catalogs

8 The CPORT Procedure 4 Chapter 2

The CPORT ProcedureThe documentation about the READ= data set option (used in the DATA statement ofPROC CPORT) was enhanced to explain when a read-only password might be required.You can create a transport file for a read-only data set only when you also specify thedata set’s password using the READ= option in PROC CPORT Clear-text and encodedpasswords are supported

The CORR ProcedureThe new ID statement for the CORR procedure specifies one or more additional tipvariables to identify observations in scatter plots and scatter plot matrices

The DATASETS ProcedureThe following options are new or enhanced in the DATASETS procedure:

3 The new REBUILD option specifies whether to correct or delete disabled indexesand integrity constraints When a data set is damaged in some way and theDLDMGACTION=NOINDEX data set or system option is used, the data set isrepaired, the indexes and integrity constraint are disabled, and the index file isdeleted The data set is then limited to INPUT mode only until the REBUILDoption is executed This option enables you to continue with production withoutwaiting for the indexes to be repaired, which can take a long time on large datasets

3 Here is a list of enhancements for the COPY statement:

3 The COPY statement with the NOCLONE option specified supports theOUTREP= and ENCODING= LIBNAME options for SQL views, DATA stepviews, and some SAS/ACCESS views (Oracle and Sybase)

3 You can use the COPY procedure, along with the XPORT engine or aREMOTE engine, to transport SAS data sets between hosts

3 Here is a list of enhancements for the CONTENTS procedure:

3 When using the OUT2 option, indexes and integrity constraints are labeled ifdisabled

The FREQ ProcedureThe FREQ procedure can now produce frequency plots, cumulative frequency plots,deviation plots, odds ratio plots, and kappa plots by using ODS Graphics The

crosstabulation table now has an ODS template that you can customize using theTEMPLATE procedure Equivalence and noninferiority tests are now available for thebinomial proportion and the proportion difference New confidence limits for thebinomial proportion include Agresti-Coull, Jeffreys, and Wilson (score) confidence limits.The RISKDIFF option in the EXACT statement provides unconditional exact confidencelimits for the proportion (risk) difference The EQOR option in the EXACT statementprovides Zelen’s exact test for equal odds ratios

What’s New in SAS 9.2 Base Procedures 4 The RANK Procedure 9

The MEANS Procedure

The following enhancements have been made to the MEANS procedure:

3 The PRT statistic is now an alias for the PROBT statistic

3 The MODE statistic can now be used with PROC MEANS

The MIGRATE Procedure

The MIGRATE procedure now supports more cross-environment migrations You canmigrate a SAS 8.2 data library from almost every SAS 8.2 operating environment toany SAS 9.2 operating environment Most SAS 6 operating environments are alsosupported, but not for cross-environment migration

The OPTIONS Procedure

The following enhancements have been made to the OPTIONS procedure:

3 Restricted options are now supported in all operating environments

3 The value of environment variables can be displayed by using the EXPAND option

3 System options that have a character value can be displayed as a hexadecimalvalue by using the HEXVALUE option

3 You can display a list of SAS system option groups by using the LISTGROUPSoption

3 To display the options in multiple groups, you can list more than one group in theGROUP= option

3 The following system option groups are new and can be specified on the GROUP=option: LOGCONTROL, LISTCONTROL, SMF, SQL, and SVG

The PRINT Procedure

The following new options have been added to the PRINT procedure:

SUMLABEL

enables you to display the label of the BY variable on the summary line

BLANKLINE

enables you to insert a blank line after every n observations.

The PWENCODE Procedure

The PWENCODE procedure now supports the sas003 encoding method, which uses a256-bit key to generate encoded passwords The sas003 encoding method supports theAES (Advanced Encryption Standard), which is a new security algorithm for

SAS/SECURE

The RANK Procedure

The TIES= option of the RANK procedure has a new value, DENSE, which computesscores and ranks by treating tied values as a single-order statistic

10 The REPORT Procedure 4 Chapter 2

The REPORT ProcedureThe following enhancements have been made to the REPORT procedure:

3 The PROBT statistic is now an alias for the PRT statistic

3 The MODE statistic can now be used with PROC REPORT

3 The STYLE/MERGE attribute name option has been added so that styles can beconcatenated Currently, there is no way to concatenate styles using a CALLDEFINE statement Each time the CALL DEFINE statement is executed, itreplaces any previous style information

3 The BY statement is now available when requesting an output data set with theOUT= option in the PROC REPORT statement

3 The new Table of Contents (TOC) now supports the CONTENTS= option in theBREAK, RBREAK, and DEFINE statements

3 The BYPAGENO=n option had been added to reset the page number between BYgroups

3 The SPANROWS option has been added for the PROC REPORT statement Thisoption permits the GROUP and ORDER variables to be contained in a box ratherthan blank cells appearing underneath the GROUP or ORDER variable values

3 The SPANROWS option also permits GROUP and ORDER variable values torepeat when the values break across pages in PDF, PS, and RTF destinations

3 PROC REPORT now supports the ODS DOCUMENT and ODS OUTPUTdestinations

The SORT ProcedureThe following options are new or enhanced in the SORT procedure:

3 The new PRESORTED option causes PROC SORT to check within the input dataset to determine whether the observations are in order before sorting Use thePRESORTED option when you know or strongly suspect that a data set is already

in order according to the key variables specified in the BY statement Byspecifying this option, you avoid the cost of sorting the data set

3 The SORTSEQ= option is enhanced New suboptions have been added as follows:

3 The LINGUISTIC suboption specifies linguistic collation, which sortscharacters according to rules of language The rules and default collatingsequence options are based on the language specified in the current localesetting You can modify the default collating rules of linguistic collation Thefollowing are the collating rules that can be used to modify the LINGUISTICcollation suboption:

What’s New in SAS 9.2 Base Procedures 4 The SQL Procedure 11

The SQL Procedure

The following enhancements have been made to the SQL procedure:

3 A number of features have been added which enable you to optimize queries

3 Depending on which engine type the query uses, you can replace the PUTfunction with a logically equivalent expression

3 You can replace references to the DATE, TIME, DATETIME, and TODAYfunctions in a query to their equivalent constant values before the queryexecutes

3 You can specify the minimum number of rows that must be in a table or themaximum number of SAS format values that can exist in a PUT function inorder for PROC SQL to consider optimizing the PUT function

3 You can bypass the remerging process when a summary function is used in aSELECT clause or a HAVING clause

3 If indexing is present, PROC SQL now uses the index files when processingSELECT DISTINCT statements

3 Semicolons can now be used in explicit queries for pass through

3 You can use custom functions that are created with PROC FCMP in PROC SQL

3 The DICTIONARY.EXTFILES table will now include the access method and devicetype information

3 Three new DICTIONARY tables have been added The FUNCTIONS table

contains information about currently accessible functions The INFOMAPS tablereturns information on all known information maps The DESTINATIONS tablecontains information about all known ODS destinations

3 The DESCRIBE TABLE CONSTRAINTS statement will not display the names ofpassword-protected foreign key data set variables that reference the primary keyconstraint

3 The TRANSCODE=NO argument is not supported by some SAS Workspace Serverclients In SAS 9.2, if the argument is not supported, column values with

TRANSCODE=NO are replaced (masked) with asterisks (*) Before SAS 9.2,column values with TRANSCODE=NO were transcoded

3 The SAS/ACCESS CONNECT statement has a new AUTHDOMAIN option thatsupports lookup of security credentials (user ID and password) without yourhaving to explicitly specify the credentials

The following new options have been added to the PROC SQL statement:

CONSTDATETIME|NOCONSTDATETIME

specifies whether the SQL procedure replaces references to the DATE, TIME,DATETIME, and TODAY functions in a query with their equivalent constantvalues before the query executes

Note: The CONSTDATETIME option provides the same functionality as thenew SQLCONSTDATETIME system option 4

12 The TABULATE Procedure 4 Chapter 2

REDUCEPUTspecifies the engine type that a query uses for which optimization is performed byreplacing a PUT function in a query with a logically equivalent expression

Note: The REDUCEPUT option provides the same functionality as the newSQLREDUCEPUT system option.4

REMERGE|NOREMERGEspecifies that the SQL procedure does not process queries that use remerging ofdata

Note: The REMERGE option provides the same functionality as the newSQLREMERGE system option.4

The following new global system options affect SQL processing and performance:DBIDIRECTEXEC (SAS/ACCESS)

controls SQL optimization for SAS/ACCESS engines

SQLCONSTANTDATETIMEspecifies whether the SQL procedure replaces references to the DATE, TIME,DATETIME, and TODAY functions in a query with their equivalent constantvalues before the query executes

SQLREDUCEPUTfor the SQL procedure, specifies the engine type that a query uses for whichoptimization is performed by replacing a PUT function in a query with a logicallyequivalent expression

SQLREDUCEPUTOBSfor the SQL procedure when the SQLREDUCEPUT= system option is set toNONE, specifies the minimum number of observations that must be in a table inorder for PROC SQL to consider optimizing the PUT function in a query

SQLREDUCEPUTVALUESfor the SQL procedure when the SQLREDUCEPUT= system option is set toNONE, specifies the maximum number of SAS format values that can exist in aPUT function expression in order for PROC SQL to consider optimizing the PUTfunction in a query

SQLREMERGEspecifies whether the SQL procedure can process queries that use remerging ofdata

SQLUNDOPOLICYspecifies whether the SQL procedure keeps or discards updated data if errors occurwhile the data is being updated

The TABULATE ProcedureThe following enhancements have been made to the TABULATE procedure:

3 The PROBT statistic is now an alias for the PRT statistic

3 The MODE statistic can now be used with PROC TABULATE

3 You can specify variable name list shortcuts within the TABLE statement

The UNIVARIATE ProcedureThe UNIVARIATE procedure now produces graphs that conform to ODS styles, sothat creating consistent output is easier Also, you now have two methods for producing

What’s New in SAS 9.2 Base Procedures 4 The TRANTAB Procedure 13

graphs With traditional graphics, you can control every detail of a graph throughfamiliar procedure syntax and the GOPTION and SYMBOL statements With ODSGraphics (experimental for the UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS 9.2), you can obtain thehighest quality output with minimal syntax You also now have full compatibility withgraphics that are produced by the SAS/STAT and SAS/ETS procedures

The new UNIVARIATE procedure CDFPLOT statement plots the observedcumulative distribution function (cdf) of a variable and enables you to superimpose afitted theoretical distribution on the graph The new PPPLOT statement creates aprobability-probability plot (also referred to as a P-P plot or percent plot) Thisstatement compares the empirical cumulative distribution function (ecdf) of a variablewith a specified theoretical cumulative distribution function The beta, exponential,gamma, lognormal, normal, and Weibull distributions are available in both statements

Documentation Enhancements

The following Base SAS Procedures have had part or all of their documentationrelocated to other SAS documents

The CV2VIEW Procedure

Documentation for the CV2VIEW procedure is now in the SAS/ACCESS for Relational Databases: Reference.

The DBCSTAB Procedure

Documentation for the DBCSTAB procedure is now in the SAS National Language Support (NLS): Reference Guide.

The EXPORT Procedure

The Base SAS Procedures Guide contains only UNIX– and z/OS–specific information for the EXPORT procedure PC-specific information is now in the SAS/ACCESS for Relational Databases: Reference.

The IMPORT Procedure

The Base SAS Procedures Guide contains only UNIX– and z/OS–specific information for the IMPORT procedure PC-specific information is now in the SAS/ACCESS for Relational Databases: Reference.

The TRANTAB Procedure

Documentation for the TRANTAB procedure is now in the SAS National Language Support (NLS): Reference Guide.

14

UNIVARIATE Procedure

The UNIVARIATE procedure now produces graphs that conform to ODS styles, sothat creating consistent output is easier Also, you now have two alternative methodsfor producing graphs With traditional graphics you can control every detail of a graphthrough familiar procedure syntax and GOPTION and SYMBOL statements With ODSGraphics (experimental for the UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS 9.2), you can obtain thehighest quality output with minimal syntax and full compatibility with graphics

produced by SAS/STAT and SAS/ETS procedures

The new CDFPLOT statement plots the observed cumulative distribution function(cdf) of a variable and enables you to superimpose a fitted theoretical distribution onthe graph The new PPPLOT statement creates a probability-probability plot (alsoreferred to as a P-P plot or percent plot), which compares the empirical cumulativedistribution function (ecdf) of a variable with a specified theoretical cumulative

16 UNIVARIATE Procedure 4 Chapter 3

distribution function The beta, exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal, and Weibulldistributions are available in both statements

SAS System Features 18

Checkpoint Mode and Restart Mode 18

Support for ISO 8601 Basic and Extended Time Notations 18

Support for IPv6 18

Universal Printing and New TrueType Fonts 19

WHERE-Expression Processing 19

DATA Step Java Object 19

SAS Language Elements 20

Data Set Options 20

3 SAS now supports the next generation Internet Protocol, IPv6, as well as IPv4

3 For Universal Printing, 31 new TrueType fonts are available when you installSAS In addition, Universal Printing now supports Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG), Portable Network Graphics (PNG), and PDFA-1b print output formats

3 You can access remote files by using the Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)access method

3 SAS now reads and writes ISO 8601 dates, time, and intervals

3 In support of batch programming, if a program terminates without completion, thenew checkpoint mode enables programs to be resubmitted in restart mode,

resuming with the DATA or PROC step that was executing when the programterminated

3 In the “Functions and CALL Routines” section there are several new andenhanced functions as well as functions that were previously in other products andthat are now part of Base SAS The functions that moved from the Risk

Dimensions product calculate the call and put prices from European options onfutures, based on various models The functions that moved from SAS/ETS returninformation about various date and time intervals The functions from SASHigh-Performance Forecasting return specific dates

18 SAS System Features 4 Chapter 4

3 In a DATA step, you can track the execution of code within a DO group The DATAstatement has an optional argument for you to write a note to the SAS log whenthe DO statement begins and ends

3 New SAS system options enable you to set a default record length, specify optionsfor accessing PDF files, specify values for Scalable Vector Graphics, support thecheckpoint mode and the restart mode, and support fonts

3 Some of the new features for the DATA step object attributes, operators, andmethods remove all items from the hash object without deleting the instance of thehash object, consolidate the FIND and ADD methods into a single method call,return the number of items in the hash object, and specifies a starting key item foriteration

3 In previous versions of SAS Language Reference: Dictionary, references to

language elements in other publications were included in their respectivedictionary for each language element type For example, you could find a referencefor the $BIDI format in the format dictionary entries You can now find references

to language elements that are documented in other publications within eachsection for the language element types Online, this section appears just before thedictionary entries for each language element type In the PDF or print copy, thissection appears as the last topic for each language element type

SAS System Features

Checkpoint Mode and Restart Mode

If a batch program terminates before it completes and it was started in checkpointmode, the program can be resubmitted in restart mode, resuming with the DATA orPROC step that was executing when the program terminated DATA and PROC stepsthat have already completed do not need to be rerun See “Checkpoint Mode and

Restart Mode” in SAS Language Reference: Concepts.

Support for ISO 8601 Basic and Extended Time Notations

In SAS 9.1.3, the formats and informats that support the ISO 8601 basic and

extended time notations were documented in the SAS 9.1.3 XML LIBNAME: User’s Guide These formats and informats have been renamed and are now documented in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary.

The new names clearly distinguish the basic and extended formats and informats.You can see the renamed formats and informats in their respective sections in thetopics that follow In addition, a new CALL routine, IS8601_CONVERT, converts ISO

8601 intervals to datetime and duration values, and datetime and duration values to anISO 8601 interval

Support for IPv6SAS 9.2 introduces support for the "next generation" of Internet Protocol, IPv6,which is the successor to the current Internet Protocol, IPv4 Rather than replacingIPv4 with IPv6, SAS 9.2 supports both protocols A primary reason for the new protocol

is that the limited supply of 32-bit IPv4 address spaces is being depleted IPv6 uses a128-bit address scheme, which provides more IP addresses than IPv4 did

For more information, see Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPV6) in SAS Language Reference: Concepts.

4 DATA Step Java Object 19

Universal Printing and New TrueType Fonts

In SAS 9.2, all Universal Printers and many SAS/GRAPH devices use the FreeTypelibrary to render TrueType fonts for output in all of the operating environments thatSAS software supports In addition, by default, many SAS/GRAPH device drivers andall Universal Printers generate output using ODS styles, and these ODS styles useTrueType fonts

In addition to SAS Monospace and SAS Monospace Bold, 31 new TrueType fonts aremade available when you install SAS:

3 Five Latin fonts compatible with Microsoft

3 Eight multilingual Unicode fonts

3 Eight monolingual Asian fonts

New Universal printers include the following:

PDFA produces an archivable PDF compliant with PDF/A-1b

PNG produces Portable Network Graphics, which is a raster image format

that is designed to replace the older simple GIF and the morecomplex TIFF format

PNGt produces transparent Portable Network Graphics

SVG produces Scalable Vector Graphics, which is a language for

describing two-dimensional graphics and graphical applications inXML

SVGt produces transparent Scalable Vector Graphics

SVGView produces Scalable Vector Graphics with controls to scroll through

SVG output

SVGZ produces compressed Scalable Vector Graphics

For more information, see Printing with SAS in SAS Language Reference: Concepts.

DATA Step Java Object

The DATA step component Java object is production software starting with thisrelease of Base SAS

Documentation for the Java object can be found on the Base SAS Focus Area page onsupport.sas.com Full documentation for the Java object will be available in a futurerelease

20 SAS Language Elements 4 Chapter 4

SAS Language Elements

Data Set Options

3 The following data set option has a new argument:

DLDMGACTION=NOINDEXautomatically repairs the data set without the indexes and integrity constraints,deletes the index file, updates the data file to reflect the disabled indexes andintegrity constraints, and limits the data file to be opened only in INPUT mode

Formats

3 The following formats are new:

$BASE64Xconverts character data to ASCII text using Base 64 encoding

$N8601Bwrites ISO 8601 duration, datetime, and interval forms using the basic

notations PnYnMnDTnHnMnS and yyyymmddThhmmss.

$N8601BAwrites ISO 8601 duration, datetime, and interval forms using the basic

notations PyyyymmddThhmmss and yyyymmddThhmmss.

$N8601Ewrites ISO 8601 duration, datetime, and interval forms using the extended

notations PnYnMnDTnHnMnS and yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.

$N8601EAwrites ISO 8601 duration, datetime, and interval forms using the extended

notations Pyyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss and yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.

$N8601EHwrites ISO 8601 duration, datetime, and interval forms for the extended

notations Pyyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss and yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss, using a

hyphen ( - )for omitted components

$N8601EXwrites ISO 8601 duration, datetime, and interval forms for the extended

notations Pyyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss and yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss, using an x for

each digit of an omitted component

adjusts time values to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and writes

them using the ISO 8601 basic time notation hhmmss+|–hhmm.

BESTD

prints numeric values, lining up decimal places for values of similar

magnitude, and prints integers without decimals

adjusts time values to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and writes the

values using the ISO 8601 extended notation hh:mm:ss+|–hh:mm.

22 Functions and CALL Routines 4 Chapter 4

3 The following formats were previously documented in other publications and arenow part of this document:

writes a week number in decimal format by using the W algorithm

3 The following format is enhanced:

DATEw

In addition to writing dates in the form ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy, the DATEw format now writes dates in the form dd-mmm-yyyy.

Functions and CALL Routines

3 The following functions and CALL routines are new:

ALLCOMB

generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a

minimal change order

ALLPERMgenerates all permutations of the values of several variables in a minimalchange order

ARCOSHreturns the inverse hyperbolic cosine

ARSINHreturns the inverse hyperbolic sine

ARTANHreturns the inverse hyperbolic tangent

CALL ALLCOMB

generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a

minimal change order

CALL ALLCOMBI

generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in a

minimal change order

CALL GRAYCODE

generates all subsets of n items in a minimal change order.

CALL ISO8601_CONVERTconverts an ISO 8601 interval to datetime and duration values, or convertsdatetime and duration values to an ISO 8601 interval

4 Functions and CALL Routines 23

returns a single character from a specified position in a character string.CMISS

counts the number of missing arguments

searches a character string for a word

24 Functions and CALL Routines 4 Chapter 4

INTTESTreturns 1 if a time interval is valid, and returns 0 if a time interval is invalid.LCM

returns the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every number in aset of numbers

LCOMBcomputes the logarithm of the COMB function—that is, the logarithm of the

number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time.

LFACTcomputes the logarithm of the FACT (factorial) function

LOG1PXreturns the log of 1 plus the argument

LPERMcomputes the logarithm of the PERM function—that is, the logarithm of the

number of permutations of n objects, with the option of including r number of

elements

LPNORMreturns the Lpnorm of the second argument and subsequent non-missingarguments

MD5returns the result of the message digest of a specified string

MSPLINTreturns the ordinate of a monotonicity-preserving interpolating spline

RENAMErenames a member of a SAS library, an external file, or a directory

SUMABSreturns the sum of the absolute values of the non-missing arguments

TRANSTRNreplaces all occurrences of a substring found in a character string if thesubstring has a value greater than zero

WHICHCsearches for a character value that is equal to the first argument, and returnsthe index of the first matching value

4 Functions and CALL Routines 25

WHICHN

searches for a numeric value that is equal to the first argument, and returnsthe index of the first matching value

ZIPCITYDISTANCE

returns the geodetic distance between two zip code locations

3 The descriptions of the arguments in the following functions are enhanced:

26 Functions and CALL Routines 4 Chapter 4

GARKHPTPRCcalculates the put price for European options on stocks, based on theGarman-Kohlhagen model

MARGRCLPRCcalculates the call price for European options on stocks, based on theMargrabe model

MARGRPTPRCcalculates the put price for European options on stocks, based on theMargrabe model

3 The following functions were previously in SAS/ETS, and are now in Base SAS:INTCINDEX

returns the cycle index, given a date, time, or datetime value

INTCYCLEreturns the date, time, or datetime interval at the next higher seasonal cycle,given a date, time, or datetime interval

INTFMTreturns a recommended format, given a date, time, or datetime interval.INTINDEX

returns the seasonal index, given a date, time, or datetime interval and value.INTSEAS

returns the length of the seasonal cycle, given a date, time, or datetimeinterval

3 The following functions were previously in SAS High-Performance Forecasting,and are now in Base SAS:

HOLIDAYreturns the date of the specified holiday for the specified year

NWKDOM

returns the date for the nth occurrence of a weekday for the specified month

and year

3 The following functions were moved from SAS Language Reference: Dictionary to

the SAS/IML documentation:

MODULEICcalls an external routine and returns a character value (in the IMLenvironment only)

MODULEINcalls an external routine and returns a numeric value (in the IMLenvironment only)

CALL MODULEIcalls an external routine without any return code (in the IML environmentonly)

3 The following functions and CALL routine are enhanced:

CALL POKEcan now write floating-point numbers directly into memory on a 32–bitplatform

CALL POKELONGcan now write floating-point numbers directly into memory on 32-bit and64-bit platforms

4 Informats 27

CALL SCAN

returns the position and length of a given word from a character expression.DATDIF

added the values ’ACT/360’ and ’ACT/365’ to the basis argument, and added a

reference to a document that is published by the Securities Industry

3 The RX set of functions and CALL routines have been removed from the

documentation They have been replaced by a set of PRX functions and CALLroutines, which have been available in previous versions of SAS, and which

provide superior functionality

The following RX functions and CALL routines were removed:

RXMATCH function

RXPARSE function

RXCHANGE CALL routine

RXFREE CALL routine

RXSUBSTR CALL routine

3 The SCANQ function and the CALL SCANQ routine have been removed from thedocumentation and replaced by the superior functionality of the SCAN functionand CALL SCAN routine

28 Informats 4 Chapter 4

B8601DN

reads date values that are specified the ISO 8601 basic notation yyyymmdd

and returns SAS datetime values where the time portion of the value is000000

B8601DTreads datetime values that are specified in the ISO 8601 basic notation

yyyymmddThhmmssffffff.

B8601DZreads datetime values that are specified in the Coordinated Universal Time(UTC) time scale using the ISO 8601 datetime basic notation

yyyymmddThhmmss+|–hhmm or yyyymmddThhmmssffffffZ.

B8601TMreads time values that are specified in the ISO 8601 basic notation

hhmmssffffff.

B8601TZreads time values that are specified in the ISO 8601 basic time notation

hhmmssfffff+|–hhmm or hhmmssffffffZ.

E8601DAreads date values that are specified in the ISO 8601 extended notation

yyyy-mm-dd.

E8601DNreads date values that are specified in the ISO 8601 extended notation

yyyy-mm-dd and returns SAS datetime values where the time portion of the

value is 000000

E8601DTreads datetime values that are specified in the ISO 8601 extended notation

yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.ffffff.

E8601DZreads datetime values that are specified in the Coordinated Universal Time(UTC) time scale using the ISO 8601 datetime extended notation

hh:mm:ss+|–hh:mm.fffff orhh:mm:ss.fffffZ.

E8601LZreads Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) values that are specified in the ISO

8601 extended notation hh:mm:ss+|–hh:mm.fffff or hh:mm:ss.fffffZ and

converts them to the local time

E8601TMreads time values that are specified in the ISO 8601 extended notation

hh:mm:ss.ffffff.

E8601TZreads time values that are specified in the ISO 8601 extended time notation

hh:mm:ss+|–hh:mm.ffffff or hh:mm:ssZ.

VMSZNreads VMS and MicroFocus COBOL zoned numeric data

3 The following informat is enhanced:

TRAILSGN

In addition to reading trailing plus (+) and minus (–) signs, the TRAILSGNinformat now reads values that contain commas

FILENAME, SFTP Access Method

enables you to access remote files by using the SFTP protocol

SYSECHO

enables IOM clients to manually track the progress of a segment of a

submitted SAS program

3 The following statements are enhanced:

%INCLUDE

3 The filename of a file that is located in an aggregate storage locationand does not have a valid SAS name can be used as a fileref if thefilename is enclosed in quotation marks

3 The maximum line limit is now 6K

ABORT

Two new optional arguments enable you to do the following:

3 cause the execution of the submitted statements to be canceled

3 suppress the output of all variables to the SAS log

ATTRIB

The TRANSCODE=NO attribute is not supported by some SAS WorkspaceServer clients In SAS 9.2, if the attribute is not supported, variables withTRANSCODE=NO are replaced (masked) with asterisks (*) Before SAS 9.2,variables with TRANSCODE=NO were transcoded

BY

The BY statement honors the linguistic collation of data that is sorted byusing the SORT procedure with the SORTSEQ=LINGUISTIC option

DATA

Three new optional arguments enable you to do the following:

3 write a note to the SAS log for the beginning and end of each level ofnesting DO statements

3 specify the maximum number of nested LINK statements

3 suppress the output of all variables to the SAS log