Test bank for canadian fundamentals of nursing revised reprint 4th edition by potter

In which following instance does the nurse recognize that interventions for values clarification are beneficial for the client.. A nurse is working with a client to try to clarify the cl

Chapter 8 Test Bank For Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing Revised Reprint 4th edition by Potter

Link download full: https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-for-canadian-fundamentals-of-nursing-revised-reprint-4th-edition-by-potter

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 The client states that she needs to exercise regularly, watch her weight, and reduce her fat

intake What does this demonstrate about the client?

a She believes she will have a heart attack

b She values health promotion activities

c She believes she will not become sick

d She has unrealistic expectations for herself

ANS: B

A value is a strong personal belief It is an ideal that a person or group (such as nurses)

strives to uphold An individual’s values reflect cultural, social influences, and personalneeds

A belief is a conviction of the truth of something The client’s statement does not indicate

that she has beliefs or fears about having a heart attack

A belief is a conviction of the truth or reality of something The client does not state that

she believes these health promotion activities will keep her from becoming sick These are not unrealistic expectations

DIF: Comprehension REF: 90

2 Which of the following assists in protecting the client’s right to autonomy?

a Answerability

b Informed consent

c Constrained moral agency

d Maleficence

ANS: B

The goal of informed consent is to protect the client’s right to autonomy

Answerability offers reasons and explanations for certain aspects of nursing

practice

If the nurse feels powerless to act for what he or she thinks is right, or believe the actions will not bring about change, the nurse will have difficulty being an

effective advocate

Maleficence refers to hurt or harm

DIF: Application REF: 94

3 A secondary school teacher with advanced multiple sclerosis teaches from her wheelchair but insists on being treated the same as other colleagues Which of the following is the teacher demonstrating?

a Preserving dignity

b Choosing from alternatives

c Considering all consequences

8-2

d Acting with a pattern of consistency

ANS: A

The teacher’s choice is preserving dignity, which is a value included in the CNA Code of Ethics She cherishes her choice of being treated like everyone else despite her medical condition and publicly affirms the choice by teaching from her

wheelchair and insisting that she be treated the same as her colleagues

At this point, the teacher is not choosing from alternatives She could have chosen

to quit teaching, but she did not She has already made her choice

The teacher is not demonstrating that she is considering all consequences She has already made her choice

At this point, the teacher is not demonstrating that she is acting with a pattern of consistency She is not repeating a behaviour

DIF: Application REF: 91 (Box 8-2)

4 In which following instance does the nurse recognize that interventions for

values clarification are beneficial for the client?

a The client and nurse have different beliefs

b The client is experiencing a values conflict

c The nurse is unsure of the client’s values

d The client has rejected normal values

ANS: B

Values clarification is the process of appraising one’s own personal values It is not

a set of rules; nor does it suggest that certain values should be accepted by all

people

Values clarification can help nurses strengthen their ability to advocate for clients,

as nurses are better able to accurately identify the personal values of clients

Values clarification is not necessarily beneficial to the client when the client and nurse have differing beliefs

Values clarification will not necessarily help the nurse who is unsure of the client’s values Values clarification interventions are for the benefit of the client and not for the

nurse to gain awareness

The values that an individual holds reflect cultural and social influences,

relationships,

and personal needs Values vary among people and develop and change over time Therefore, it may be inappropriate to state that a client has rejected “normal”

values when

different value systems exist among people What is considered normal for one person

may not be so for another

DIF: Comprehension REF: 91

5 A nurse is working with a client to try to clarify the client’s values in relation to his care

Which of the following is an example of the type of response that the nurse should use in such a situation?

a “Your questions were pretty blunt.”

b “Tell me what you are thinking about.”

c “I’ve felt that way before; I’d be upset, too.”

d “You seem concerned about your tests Let me explain them.”

8-3

ANS: B

Values clarification is the process of appraising one’s own personal values It

involvesself-reflection that leads to greater self-awareness and personal insight Values clarification is a process of self-discovery, and the nurse can assist the client through it The character of the nurse’s response to a client can motivate the client to examine personal thoughts and actions When the nurse makes a clarifying response, it should be brief and nonjudgemental This response is a judgemental one

The nurse should not influence the client with his or her own values, even if these values

are similar to the client’s

The statement You seem concerned about your tests Let me explain them is

therapeutic in that it reflects the client’s feelings and offers information However,

it does not encourage the client to examine his or her values

DIF: Application REF: 91

6 Which one of the following is an example of ethical responsibility?

a Delivery of competent care

b Formation of interpersonal relationships

c Application of the nursing process

d Evaluation of new computerized technologies

ANS: A

Providing competent care is one of the values in the Code of Ethics that nurses have to

uphold

Formation of interpersonal relationships is not an ethical responsibility

Application of the nursing process is not an ethical responsibility

Evaluation of new computerized technologies is not an ethical responsibility DIF: Application REF: 91 (Box 8-2)

7 A student nurse realizes that she has administered the wrong dose of medication

to a client and immediately informs her clinical instructor of this error How is this student nurse best described as a professional?

a Confident

b Trustworthy

c Compliant

d Accountable

ANS: D

Accountability refers to the ability to answer for one’s own actions The goal is the prevention of injury to the client The student nurse who informs her instructor of her error is holding herself accountable for her action and aims to avoid causing any injury to the client Accountability is one of the seven values of the Code of Ethics central to nursing practice

It would not be correct to describe the student nurse as confident (i.e., sure of oneself)

professionally

8-4

It would not be correct to describe the student as trustworthy To be trustworthy, one should be worthy of trust or confidence and be reliable In this case, the

student could not

be relied on to administer medication correctly

It would not be correct to describe this student nurse as compliant The student did not act in accordance with wishes, commands, or requirements

DIF: Comprehension REF: 91 (Box 8-2)

8 A client has just been informed by her physician that she has cancer The client says that

she is not ready to discuss this with her family The nurse encourages the client to consider sharing the information with her family so that the family can support her through the decisions she will need to make regarding her care Which following principle must the nurse be careful not to breach?

a Confidentiality

b Fidelity

c Veracity

d Justice

ANS: A

The nurse should recognize the importance of privacy and confidentiality and safeguard

the client’s personal, family, and community information obtained in the context of

a professional relationship

Fidelity refers to an agreement to keep promises

Veracity, in general, means accuracy or conformity to truth In this situation, the nurse encourages the client to be truthful with her family

Justice refers to fairness

DIF: Comprehension REF: 91 (Box 8-2)

9 The nurse is investigating the process for resolving an ethical problem Which of the following is the correct sequence for resolving ethical problems?

a Examining one’s own values; evaluating; identifying the problem

b Evaluating the outcomes; gathering data; considering actions

c Gathering facts; verbalizing the problem; considering actions

d Recognizing the dilemma; evaluating; gathering information

ANS: C

The correct sequence for resolving ethical problems is recognizing the dilemma, gathering facts, examining one’s own values, verbalizing the problem, considering actions, negotiating the outcome, and evaluating the action

Examining one’s own values; evaluating; identifying the problem is not the correct sequence for resolving ethical problems

Evaluating the outcomes; gathering data; considering actions is not the correct

sequence for resolving ethical problems

Recognizing the dilemma; evaluating; gathering information is not the correct sequence for resolving ethical problems

DIF: Analysis REF: 95

8-5

10 A nurse is ambivalent about performing vigorous suctioning in a terminally ill client in a comatose state Which of the following is the appropriate statement by the nurse in regard to processing this ethical dilemma?

a “I need to know the legalities of the living will of this client.”

b “My spiritual beliefs mandate that I continue to provide all the interventions within my scope of practice.”

c “I cannot figure out what’s right in this situation I need to collect more data.”

d “I just feel that I should not suction this client.”

ANS: C

The first step in processing an ethical dilemma is determining whether the problem

is an ethical one The nurse who cannot figure out what is right is stating a

characteristic of an ethical dilemma, which is that the problem is perplexing The next step is to gather as much relevant information as possible

The nurse who wants to know the legalities of the living will of a client is

collecting some, but not all, data pertaining to the problem

The statement “My spiritual beliefs mandate that I continue to provide all the interventions within my scope of practice.” describes the nurse’s own beliefs The nurse is describing the problem in terms of her feelings

DIF: Application REF: 95

11 Which of the following statements best illustrates deontological ethical theory?

a “I believe this disease was allowed to occur by a supreme being.”

b “He has become a stronger individual through experiencing the loss of his

father.”

c “It would never be right for a person to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efforts.”

d “The chemotherapy did not cure this person, but it provided a better life for him.”

ANS: C

Deontology defines actions as right or wrong based on their “right-making

characteristics, such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice” (Beauchamp

& Childress, 2001) Deontology does not look to the consequences of actions to determine the rightness or wrongness of the actions Determining the wrongness of

this statement may be based on fidelity to promises and beneficence

The statement, “I believe this disease was allowed to occur by a supreme being” does not reflect deontological ethical theory It is based on feminist ethical theory because it reflects a relationship between disease and a supreme being

The statement, “He has become a stronger individual through experiencing the loss

of his father” does not best illustrate deontological ethical theory because it is citing a consequence It is based on utilitarian ethical theory

The statement, “The chemotherapy did not cure this person, but it provided a better life for him” does not best illustrate deontological ethical theory because it is citing aconsequence It based on utilitarian ethical theory

DIF: Application REF: 93

8-6

12 The nurse stops at an accident scene to provide emergency care to the victims Ethically, how would his or her actions best be labelled?

a Respect for persons

b Beneficence

c Maleficence

d Triage

ANS: B

Beneficence refers to positive actions to help others, as in providing emergency care at an accident scene

Respect for persons has to do with equal treatment of people irrespective of their social

standing and so on

Maleficence refers to causing harm or hurt to others

Triage is the screening and classification of casualties to make optimal use of treatment resources and to maximize the survival and welfare of clients

DIF: Comprehension REF: 94

13 Which of the following does an ethics committee in a health care facility do?

a Interviews all persons involved in a case

b Illustrates circumstances that demonstrate malpractice

c Serves as a resource in specific situations involving ethical dilemmas

d Examines similar previous instances for comparison of outcome decisions

ANS: C

Ethics committees serve as a resource to support the processing of ethical

dilemmas

Ethics committees serve several purposes: education, policy recommendation, and

case consultation or review

Although an ethics committee may gather detailed information, they do not

interview all persons involved in a case; rather, they offer consultations or case reviews

Illustrating circumstances that demonstrate malpractice is not a purpose of an ethics committee

Examining similar previous instances for comparison of outcome decisions may be part of data gathering to help process an ethical dilemma or for policy

recommendation, but it is not the purpose of an ethics committee

DIF: Knowledge REF: 95-96

14 A client who recently immigrated to Canada believes that she has been made to wait in the emergency department longer than the other individuals because she has not yet

qualified for provincial health coverage Which one of the following ethical

principles is

involved in this particular situation?

a Justice

b Autonomy

c Beneficence

d Nonmaleficence

ANS: A

Test Bank

Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd

8-7

Justice refers to fairness Allocation of resources and access to health care involve the ethical principle of justice The client without provincial health insurance

should not have to wait longer to receive health care than those with coverage The duration of the wait should be determined by need alone

Autonomy refers to a person’s independence Autonomy represents an agreement

to respect another’s right to determine a course of action

Beneficence refers to taking positive actions to help others

Nonmaleficence refers to the avoidance of causing harm or hurt to others

DIF: Application REF: 94

15 Which of the following is an example of a nurse’s use of the ethical principle

of autonomy in a situation with a client?

a Learning how to do a procedure safely and effectively

b Returning to speak to the client at a mutually agreed time

c Preparing the client’s room for comfort and privacy

d Supporting the client’s decision to refuse therapy

ANS: D

Following the ethical principle of autonomy, the nurse allows the client to make decisions regarding care and then supports that decision

Learning how to do a procedure safely and effectively demonstrates the nurse’s application of the ethical principle of responsibility

Returning to speak to the client at a mutually agreed time demonstrates the ethical principle of fidelity

Preparing the client’s room for comfort and privacy demonstrates the nurse’s

application

of the ethical principle of responsibility

DIF: Comprehension REF: 93

16 The nurse always tries to apply ethical principles in her clinical practice Which following statement reflects the application of the ethical principle of

confidentiality?

a “I’m concerned that decreased funding may affect the outpatient program.”

b “I’m going to make sure that the client understands the instructions.”

c “I cannot share that information about the client with you.”

d “I need to get more information about the client’s health history.”

ANS: C

The statement I cannot share that information about the client with you reflects the application of the ethical principle of confidentiality Client information is not to

be shared with others without client consent

The statement I’m concerned that decreased funding may affect the outpatient program reflects a concern regarding allocation of resources It is not a

confidentiality issue

The nurse who makes sure that a client fully understands instructions is being ethically responsible

8-8

The statement I need to get more information about the client’s health history

reflects data gathering The information that is gathered is to be used for the

purpose of providing competent health care and should not be shared with others without the specific consent of the client

DIF: Application REF: 91 (Box 8-2)

17 A client has been diagnosed with malignant bone cancer, and treatment

involves

chemotherapy on an outpatient basis Over the course of the treatment, the client becomes very ill and is experiencing debilitating side effects from the therapy and

a severe reduction in the quality of life Which of the following ethical principles is

in question in

this situation?

a Veracity

b Fidelity

c Justice

d Nonmaleficence

ANS: D

Nonmaleficence is the avoidance of harm or hurt The discomforts of treatment raise the following question: is the treatment benefiting the client, or are the side effects of the treatment worse than the disease itself? The health care professional should try to weigh the risks and benefits of a plan of care and strive to do the least harm possible

Veracity refers to truthfulness Truthfulness is not an issue in this situation

Fidelity refers to agreement to keep promises Fidelity is not an issue in this

situation

Justice refers to fairness Justice is not an issue in this situation

DIF: Analysis REF: 94

18 When obtaining client consent for a procedure, the nurse realizes that the client

is consenting without full understanding of the procedure What should the nurse do?

a Explain the procedure

b Ask the client to sign the consent form

c Notify the physician

d Record the client’s questions on the consent form

ANS: C

In this situation, the physician needs to provide further clarification Informed consent is a decision based on accurate and complete information

Obtaining client consent is not a nursing responsibility

The nurse’s responsibility is only to explain the nature of the treatment or

procedure so that to ensure that the client fully understands it

Recording the client’s questions on the consent form is incorrect If the client has questions, the physician needs to provide further clarification before the client can consent

DIF: Analysis REF: 98